1. Tri Wahyuni
4SA02
19610846

2. Direct Speech
In the English language, there are two
ways of conveying what someone else
has said:
 direct/quoted speech and
 indirect/reported speech.

3. Direct Speech
What is it?
Direct/quoted speech, involves quoting the exact
words uttered by the person, within inverted
commas or quotation marks.
2nd September 2012
Anne said, “I will
be coming home
tonight”.
statement

4. Indirect Speech
Indirect/reported speech, on the other hand, does
not have to be within quotes or reported word-toword. In fact, unless one is relaying the exact words
spoken, one should never use quotation marks.
5th September 2012
She said that she
would be coming
home that night.
statement

5. Indirect Speech of Exclamatory Sentences
Sentence which expresses state of joy or sorrow or
wonder is called exclamatory sentence.
For example.
 Hurrah! We won the match.
 Alas! I failed the test.
 Wow! What a nice shirt it is.

6. To change such sentences, the words “exclaimed with
joy” or “exclaimed with sorrow” or “exclaimed with
wonder” is added in the reporting verb depending upon
the nature of exclamatory sentence in indirect speech.
Direct speech
Indirect Speech
He said, “Hurrah! I won a
prize”
He exclaimed with joy that
he had won a prize.
She said, “Alas! I failed in
exam”
She exclaimed with sorrow
that she failed in the exam.
John said, “Wow! What a
nice shirt it is”
John exclaimed with
wonder that it was a nice
shirt

7. Indirect Speech of Imperative
Sentence
A sentence which expresses command, request, advice or
suggestion is called imperative sentence.
For example,
• Open the door.
• Please help me.
• Learn your lesson.

8. To change such sentences into indirect speech, the word
“ordered” or “requested” or “advised” or “suggested” or
“forbade” or “not to do” is added to reporting verb
depending upon nature of imperative sentence in reported
speech.
Examples
Direct speech
Indirect Speech
He said to me, “please help me”.
He requested me to help him.
She said to him, “you should work
hard for exam”.
He suggested him to work hard
for exam.
They said to him, “do not tell a lie”.
They said to him not to tell a lie.
He said, “open the door”.
He ordered to open the door.
The teacher said to student, “do
not waste time”.
The teacher advised the students
not to waste time.

9. Indirect Speech for Interrogative (Question)
Sentence
For changing interrogative (question) sentence into indirect
speech we have to observe the nature of question and then
change it into indirect speech according to it rules for
indirect speech.
A question can be of two types:
 One type which can be answered in only YES or NO and
 Other type which needs a little bit explanation for its
answer and cannot be answered in only YES or NO.

10. For example:
Direct speech: They said to me, “did u go to school?”
Indirect Speech: They asked me if I had gone to school.

12. How to Use Reported Speech
When we use reported speech, we are usually
talking about the past.
Therefore, verbs usually change to the past tense
in reported speech.
For example:

13. am / is
become
was
are
become
were
have/has
become
had
can/can’t
become
could/couldn’t
will/won’t
become
would/wouldn’t

14. Tense Change in Indirect Speech
Present simple tense
Present Continuous tense
Present Perfect tense
Present Perfect
Continuous
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Future simple, will
Future Continuous, will
be
Future Perfect, will have
Past simple
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
INTO
Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous
would
would be
would have

15. Changes in Time and Adverbs in
Indirect Speech
Changes to
Today
that day/the same day
Tomorrow
the next day/the following day
Yesterday
the day before/the previous day
Next week/month/year
the following week/month/year
Last week/month/year
the previous week/month/year
Now/just
then
Ago
before
Here
there
This
that

16. The End
Thank You