Yunasko presentation at Power our Future 2017

1. YUNASKO Ultracapacitors Hurdle the Barriers
Yurii Maletin, Chief Scientist
“Power our Future 2017”, July 2-5, 2017, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
▶ Introduction
▶ High power ultracapacitors
▶ High temperature ultracapacitors
▶ Li-ion capacitors
▶ Additional info and concluding remarks

3. COMPANY BACKGROUND AND DOMAIN
COMPANY MANUFACTURING PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
▶ Founded in 2010, in energy
storage projects since 1989
▶ 51 employees, 17 of them
in R&D and Design Bureau
(7 PhD level)
▶ Ukraine: R&D, Design
Bureau and Pilot Plant
▶ London: financial and IP
harbour
▶ Pilot plant in the West
of Ukraine
▶ Ready to build large
scale manufacture
with the capacity over
4 million large cells /
year
▶ Ultra high power heavy duty
ultracapacitor cells from 200F to
3,000F. 3-5 times more power
than competitors.
▶ 16V, 48V or 90V stacks and
module building blocks
▶ Lithium capacitors with high
energy (up to 40 Wh/kg) and
power (up to 5 kW/kg)
▶ High temperature ultracapacitors
with -25oC…+110oC operating
temperature range
▶ Carbon / carbon ultracapacitors
and lithium–ion capacitors
with organic electrolytes and
proprietary design
▶ Proprietary dry electrode
manufacture technology
▶ Power fusion treatment of
current collector foil
▶ 8 patents granted and 8 patent
applications filled
▶ Commercially available, low
cost components only

4. BATTERY VS ULTRACAPACITOR
Ultracapacitors are all about power, unlimited cycling, safety and predictable life. This is super reliable short term
energy storage. Ultracapacitors are at least 10 times less expensive than batteries for frequent cycling applications.
PARAMETER BATTERY ULTRACAPACITOR
Energy Density 100Wh/kg 10Wh/kg
Power Density 1kW/kg 10kW/kg
Efficiency ~80% >90%
Cyclability 400 – 2500 1,000,000
Calendar life Short (4..6 years) Long (15+ years)
Low Temperature -20°C -40°C
High Temperature +60°C +85°C…+100°C
Death Sudden Predictable
Principle Electrochemical Electrostatic
Cost 0.07 - 0.2 $/kWh/cycle $0.006 $/kWh/ cycle

5. MARKET NICHES
▶ Hybrid cars or buses, light trains
▶ Start / stop or regen braking systems for cars
▶ Sea port cranes, earth moving machines, fork-lifts
▶ Wind and solar power
▶ Cold cranking in heavy duty trucks, locomotives, tanks, etc.
▶ Emergency backup
▶ Consumer and power electronics
▶ Smart meters

6. HIGH POWER ULTRACAPACITORS

7. UC with nano-structured
carbon electrodes
AC AC
First patented in 1957 and 1966; first commercialized by NEC Tokin and Panasonic in the end of 1970th.
About 80 vendors and developers throughout the world (according to Shmuel De-Leon analysis)
Yunasko UC’s: superior power output and efficiency due to extremely low internal resistance (ESR)
Verified by Dr. A.F. Burke (ITS, UC Davis), Dr. J.R. Miller (JME, Cleaveland), Dr. D. Corrigan (Wayne State
Univ., Detroit), and by European car producers
TYPES OF CAPACITOR SYSTEMS

8. ▶ Low ESR results in high power density: P~1/R
(hence, reducing UC mass lower cost)
▶ Low ESR results in small voltage drop: ΔU~R
(since P and E~U2, less number of UC cells can provide the power
and energy needed lower cost)
▶ Low ESR results in low heat generation: Q~R
(hence, no active cooling is needed safety and low cost)
WHY LOW ESR IS OUR MANTRA

9. (1200Fcells: testresultsofDr.D.Corrigan,WayneStateUniv.,Detroit,2014)
Practically no voltage drop or energy
decrease up to the very high load
Yunasko cell Best on the market
Significant voltage drop and energy
decrease if the load increases
CONSTANT POWER DISCHARGE

10. Yunasko cell:
- 2 times more energy under high
load;
- high power density that can not
be reached by other UC’s
1 – Yunasko cell; 2 – best on the market
ENERGY RETENTION DUE TO LOW ESR
(1200Fcells: testresultsofDr.D.Corrigan,WayneStateUniv.,Detroit,2014)

11. INDEPENDENT TEST RESULTS
(PeugeotCitroëntestresults)
YUNASKO
A-C are referred to the best competitors also
tested at PSA (names not disclosed)
YUNASKO cells demonstrated the best performance

12. Company Mass,
kg
Capacitance,
F
Voltage,
V
ESR,
mΩ
Eff.%
@ CP 10 s
discharge
Eff. %
@ CP 5 s
discharge
Maxwell Tech. 0.26 1200 2.7 0.50 95.6 92.0
Ioxus 0.29 1200 2.7 0.40 96.7 93.9
Yunasko 0.25 1200 2.7 0.09 99.2 98.3
Yunasko 2.5 200 16 1.07 98.5 97.2
Due to very low resistance Yunasko UCs generate 3… 5 times less heat than the best analogs available on the market
INDEPENDENT TEST RESULTS
(astestedbyDr.DennisCorrigan,WayneStateUniv.,Detroit,2014)

13. YUNASKO TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGE
Low internal resistance resulting in:
3-5 times higher power than anyone else
on the market à lower weight and cost of
the system
2 times more available energy à
deliver more energy within time interval up
to 5 s and/or high current/power rate
3 times lower heat generation à no
active cooling required, improved safety POWER TRANSLATES INTO MONEY

14. ULTRA HIGH POWER MODULES FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
Rated values: 16V, 200F
Internal resistance (ESR): 0.5 mOhm
Maximum power: over 80 kW
Maximum current for 1s discharge: 1230 A
Mass: 3.1 kg

15. HIGH TEMPERATURE ULTRACAPACITORS

16. NEW MARKET SEGMENTS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE UC
▶ Automotive: location near the engine
▶ Well drilling equipment
▶ Power electronics: near circuit board hot spots
▶ Hot climate regions: India, Middle East, Africa

17. CURRENT TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES
OPERATING TEMPERATURES CLOSE TO 100 OC:
Performance à dramatically goes down
Lifetime à significantly shortens
Safety à gas generation may cause an overpressure and explosion
There are no good solutions available on the market at the moment

18. YUNASKO SOLUTION
UC operating between -25oC and 110oC with stable
performance – see changes in ESR and capacitance
for 480 F cell (88 grams) if cycled by 40 A current
RESULTS:
▶ good behavior in the range between -25oC and
110°C with RC-constant 0.3… 0.8 s at +25°C
▶ maximum operating voltage – up to 3.0 V at 25°C
▶ cycle and endurance tests at 100°C demonstrate
good capacitance and resistance retention

19. JME & YUNASKO TEST RESULTS
The capacitance drop and resistance increase with
time at 100oC and selected voltages:
Lifetime limits widely used in the industry (30% loss
of capacitance and doubling the resistance after
1500… 2000 hrs test) roughly correspond to 106
charge-discharge cycles and ensures the high
reliability of solution/technology.
CONCLUSIONS:
YUNASKO cells have passed the test successfully
Rated voltage at 100oC will be about 2.4… 2.5V

20. FEATURES OF YUNASKO HIGH-TEMPERATURE UC
▶ Operating temperature: -25oC…+110oC
▶ Rated voltage: 2.4… 2.5 V; maximum operating voltage: 3 V at 25oC
▶ Performance at 25oC is close to commercially available UC cells based on ACN or PC electrolytes:
▶ High temperature electrolyte flash point of >70oC (cf. ACN flash point is 2oC)
▶ Commercially available non-exotic components. Low cost electrolyte (not ionic liquids)
▶ Low toxicity
Category/Producer YUNASKO, UK – Ukraine
High-temperature system
Maxwell Technology, USA
Current market leader,
ACN based electrolyte
Nippon Chemi-Con, Japan
Supplier to automotive (Mazda, Honda),
PC based electrolyte
Cell type Power type, 200F Energy type, 500F Energy type, 650F Power type, 400F Energy type, 350F
Specific energy, Wh/kg 3.4 5.6 4.1 3.3 4.4
Specific Power, kW/kg 25.3 13.5 6.8 6.2 2.7
Note: competitors performance data were taken from the data sheets and web sites

21. LITHIUM ION CAPACITOR
or
CARBON ENHANCED BATTERY

22. Battery
Ultracapacitor
Battery
Ultracapacitor
Energy
Power
Cycle life
Temperature range
Efficiency
Safety
BATTERY vs ULTRACAPACITOR
How to bridge the “energy vs power” gap
between UC and battery? Such a solution is
needed for applications with substantial
energy and fast charge/high power required:
EV, light trains, power tools, drones, etc.

23. Oxide + ACOxide + AC
Symmetric hybrid:
(internal parallel LIC or AC enhanced LIB)
UC general drawback: low energy density – ca. 4-7 W.h/kg (cf. ~30 W.h/kg for Pb-acid battery)
YUNASKO approach: both positive and negative electrodes comprise Li-ion and AC components with
thoroughly matched potential ranges ( //LIC or enhanced LIB, patent pending)
General result: energy density has reached 30-40 W.h/kg (verified by Dr. A.F. Burke, ITS, USA and by
VW, Germany)
TYPES OF CAPACITOR SYSTEMS

24. YUNASKO ENHANCED LIB: SIMPLE MODEL
Nanoporous carbon particles loosen oxide particles spatially while
connecting them electrically. This results in:
• oxide particles become more accessible to electrolyte,
and nanoporous carbon provides a reservoir of electrolyte;
• fast discharge of nanoporous carbon particles is then
accompanied and supported by discharging the
intercalated oxide particles.
General result: large energy density along with low inner
resistance and high power density.

25. YUNASKO ENHANCED LIB: plateau on charge/discharge curves
0 400 800 1200
1,2
1,6
2,0
2,4
2,8
20 A 50 A 100 A 200 A 300 A
Voltage,V
Capacity, mAh
Enhanced LIB:
75 g; 1.2 A.h
20 A ≅ 16 C
300 A ≅ 250 C

26. HIGH SAFETY OF YUNASKO LIC / LIB
NO fire or thermal runaway
Nail penetration test

27. HIGH POWER Li-ion ULTRACAPACITOR YUNASKO //LIC
Power, kW/kg 1…3 10…50 3…5
Energy, Wh/kg 60…100 5 35…40
Charge / discharge time 15…90
minutes
20…30
seconds
2…3
minutes
Cycle life <10,000 >1,000,000 >10,000
Temperature window -20 0C…+60 0C -40 0C…+85 0C -40 0C…+65 0C
HYBRIDIZATION RESULTS
=

28. the most effective
TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON
We can charge energy of lead-acid battery
within 2-3 minutes and discharge with up to
150C rate and efficiency >80%
Yunasko “parallel hybrid” Li-ion capacitor
( //LIC or enhanced LIB) with up to 40 Wh/kg
energy density can be the best solution for
high power applications within the time range
between 20… 200 seconds

29. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

30. YUNASKO EXPERIENCE
Cells and 16V 200F modules
48V 165F module
Yunasko had a number of projects with companies from EU and
US including:
VW group, PSA group, Renault, BFFT - Audi, MTS Systems –
Ferrari, SAFRAN, US Air Force and others

31. NOTE: Yunasko can design other
module types based on performance
required and space available
MODULE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING
Module designed for a car producer
90V 13F module 16V 500F module 112V 28F module

32. THE TEAM
Dr. Natalia Stryzhakova,
Laboratory Head. Natalia has
over 25 year experience of
research in the field of
ultracapacitors. She published
60+ scientific papers in
referred journals and was a co-
inventor of over 15 patents.
Dr. Yurii Maletin, Chief
Scientist: over 25 year
experience of research in the
field of ultracapacitors, 30+
patents, 80+ papers. Yurii is
responsible for IP and R&D
activities.
Dr. Dmitriy Tretyakov,
Senior Researcher. Dmitriy
has 14 year experience of
research in the energy
storage area. He is a co-
author of 40+ scientific
papers.
Vitaliy Shuster, Pilot
Factory Manager. Holds
Master Degree in Electronic
Engineering from Lviv
Polytechnic Institute. He
has 35+ year experience in
development and
production of capacitors.
Dr. Sergii Tychina, Project
manager. Got Master degree
in Biotechnology from the
National Technical University
of Ukraine, and PhD in
Physical Chemistry from the
National Academy of Science
of Ukraine.
Vadim Utkin, CEO. Master
degree of engineering from
the National Technical
University of Ukraine ‘Kyiv
Polytechnic Institute’.
Executive MBA graduated.

33. Thank you for your attention
and visit us at:
www.yunasko.com