This document provides an overview of open access and institutional repositories in Japan. It discusses the increasing number of open access papers by Japanese researchers and growth of institutional repositories in Japan supported by the National Institute of Informatics. It also outlines recent momentum and policies toward open science in Japan, including funder and institutional open access policies and guidelines on research integrity and data management. Institutional repositories are playing a role in open science by tackling research data, and library communities are conducting projects related to repository software, metadata standards, and training for research data management.

1. Brief Overview of Open
Access and Institutional
Repositories in Japan
Yui Nishizono
(Librarian, Kagoshima University Library)
March 3, 2016
Knowledge Sharing about University Data Management - Brief Overview of
Open Access and Institutional Repositories in Japan
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2. Agenda
1. Brief Overview of Open Access and Institutional
Repositories in Japan
2. Momentum of Open Science in Japan
(for later discussion)
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3. OA publishing (1)
• Number of open
access papers by
Japanese researchers
are increasing.
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• Publishing in pure OA journals are increasing in
Japanese researchers. However, their priority in
publishing seems not necessarily to be OA.
Source: http://hdl.handle.net/11035/2964
* Statistics from WoS. Includes articles
without paying APC.
Numberofarticles
Rates
Published year
Total
number of
articles by
Japanese
researchers
Number of
OA articles
Rates of
OA articles

4. OA publishing (2)
• EJ Platform “J-Stage”
• includes over 1,900 titles published from ca.
1,000 academic societies in Japan
• nearly 90% of them are open access
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https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse
Source: JST
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/gijyutu/gijyutu4/031/shiryo/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2014/12/24
/1354066_02.pdf#page=10

5. Development of Institutional
Repositories in Japan
• With support from National Institute of Informatics (NII), universities in Japan
have developed institutional repositories.
• Under NII IR program (FY 2004-2012), various collaborative projects between NII
and selected universities were carried out such as: implementation of IR
software; introduction and operation of IR; construction and operation of IR;
innovative research and development; and so on…
*One of those projects is support for the development of IR communities, such
as DRF.
• Standard metadata format “junii2”
http://www.nii.ac.jp/irp/archive/system/junii2.html (The latest version is
available only in Japanese.)
• A portal “JAIRO” to IRs, similar to OAIster, based on IRDB (Institutional
Repositories DataBase)
• NII launched a shared repository service “JAIRO Cloud” as a SaaS in April 2012
toward further expansion.
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Knowledge Sharing about University Data Management - Brief Overview of
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6. Number of IRs in Japan
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Figure source: https://www.nii.ac.jp/irp/en/archive/statistic/irp_2015_statistic.html
NII IR Program (FY 2004 - FY 2012)
JAIRO Cloud, shared repository service by NII, has started in Apr 2012
Percentage of
Japanese University
implemented IRs
(FY 2013):
47.9%
Source: MEXT
Total number of
records in IRs in
Japan:
2,203,027
including Full Text:
1,666,505
(As of Feb 29, 2016)
Source: NII IRDB
Contents Analysis

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Source: http://irdb.nii.ac.jp/analysis/index_e.php (As of Feb 29, 2016)
252,095(15.1%)
78,848 (4.7%)
888,676(53.3%)
30,390 (1.8%)
6,902 (0.4%)
20,756 (1.2%)
29,514 (1.8%)
52,409 (3.1%)
51,221 (3.1%)
403 (0.0%)
4,182 (0.3%)
53,534 (3.2%)
30 (0.0%)
197,545(11.9%)

8. An Aspect of Distribution System of
Academic Information produced in Japan
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Knowledge Sharing about University Data Management - Brief Overview of
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Univs
NDL
(National Diet Library)
NII
IRDB
CiNii for
research data?NACSIS
-CAT/ILL
Catalog
Union catalog of Univ libs
JAIRO
CiNii
Dissertations
CiNii
Books
NII-ELS
JST
J-Stage
(EJ Platform)
CiNii
Articles
Japanese
Periodicals
Index
IRs
Catalogs
Academic
Societies
Commercial
Publishers
metadata
publish
Database of
17 million
articles
0.6 million
dissertations

9. OA policy adoption (1)
• A main approach to IR development has started to
change: from grass-roots approach by library
community to top-down approach
• Government OA policy
• MEXT mandated open access to PhD theses through
IRs in March 2013.
• Cabinet Office issued a report in March 2015,
presenting the guiding principles for promotion of
open science in Japan. It requires providing public
access to the results of publicly funded research,
including papers and research data.
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MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

10. OA policy adoption (2)
• Funder’s OA policy
• JST issued a policy in Apr 2013 which recommends OA
through IR or OA journals on J-Stage (EJ platform by JST).
• JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research)
• From 2015 it recommends OA for funded research
results.
• Also it has the category of “Grant-in-Aid for Publication
of Scientific Research Results”, promoting the public
dissemination of research results, such as publishing OA
journals by academic societies.
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11. OA policy adoption (3)
• Institution’s OA policy (Green OA policy)
OA policy adoption is now increasingly spreading.
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• Hokkaido Univ. (2007)
• Okayama Univ. (2011)
• JAIST (2008)
• NITECH (2012)
• Kyoto Univ. (2015)
• Univ. of Tsukuba (2015)
• International Research
Center for Japanese
Studies (2015)
• Kyushu Univ. (2016)
• Univ. of Tokushima (2016)
strongly recommended
partly mandate
articles deposit in principle
articles deposit in principle

12. A Strategy for Future Development of IR
• Reorganization of IR communities/initiatives has
just started.
JASPUL
IR
IR
IR
IR
IR
IR
“JAIRO Cloud”
User Community
JANUL JAPUL
Coordinating
Committee for Japanese
University Libraries
NII
Cooperation Promotion Council
(2010-)
UnivUnivUniv
Institutional
Repositories
Promotion
Committee
(2013-) *
Future
scholarly
information
systems
committee
(2012-)
Japan
Alliance of
University
Library
Consortia
for E-
Resources
JUSTICE
(2011-)
DRF (IR managers’
community. 2006-)
shared repository
Towards a Unified Initiative
157
337
53191 85
(Nr. of members)
* See: “Toward the Establishment of a System for Sharing Knowledge
Created at Universities” http://id.nii.ac.jp/1280/00000130/
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13. Momentum of Open Science in Japan (1)
Tipping point:
March 30, 2015
The Expert Panel on Open Science, based on Global
Perspectives, Cabinet office, Government of Japan
“Promoting Open Science in Japan—Opening up a
new era for the advancement of science—”
http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/
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15. Momentum of Open Science in Japan (2)
Scholarly Information Committee in MEXT
September 11, 2015
“For the promotion of openness of academic information
(Interim Report)” (in Japanese only)
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/gijyutu/gijyutu4/036/
houkoku/1362564.htm
Showing specific strategic measures
• for further promotion of OA to articles through IRs/OAJ
• for (i) acceleration and efficiency of research through
utilization of research data; (ii) preservation of and OA to
research data as evidence
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MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology

16. Do you use research data (excluding “supplementary
materials” to articles and government statistics) collected in
shared repositories or websites.
SCREAL Survey 2014
More than
once a
month,
263, 27%
Used in the
past, 393,
40%
Never
used, but
want to,
238, 24%
Never
used, and
don't want
to, 92, 9%
Humani es / Social Sciences
More than
once a
month,
384, 13%
Used in the
past, 999,
34%
Never used,
but want
to, 1048,
36%
Never used,
and don't
want to,
515, 17%
Natural Sciences
This slide is cited from: Yoshinori Sato. "Acceptance and Attitude of Japanese Researchers to Open Access“
http://www.screal.jp/FreJap_OA_2015/AgendaItems_20150128_final.html
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17. What do you think about disclosing your own
research data on repositories or websites?
*Here “shared repositories” means subject/field-specific repositories, data archives,
and/or institutional repositories that are established to publish and preserve research
data on the Internet.
Already
disclosing,
642, 22%
Disclosed in
the past,
but not
now, 197,
7%
Never
disclosed,
but now
considering
, 912, 31%
Never
disclosed,
and never
will, 1,105,
37%
Other, 90,
3%
Natural Sciences
Already
disclosing,
309, 31%
Disclosed in
the past,
but not
now, 53,
6%
Never
disclosed,
but now
considering
, 336, 34%
Never
disclosed,
and never
will, 255,
26%
Other, 33,
3%
Humani es / Social Sciences
This slide is cited from: Yoshinori Sato. "Acceptance and Attitude of Japanese Researchers to Open Access“
http://www.screal.jp/FreJap_OA_2015/AgendaItems_20150128_final.html
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18. Research Integrity (1)
August 26, 2014
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology (MEXT)
“Guidelines for Responding to Misconduct in Research”
http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/jinzai/fusei/1359618.ht
m
Research institutions have to draw up rules requiring
researchers to preserve research data for a set period
and to disclose the data as needed, and enforce the rules
properly and effectively.
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19. Research Integrity (2)
March 6, 2015
Science Council of Japan
“Towards the Improvement of Integrity in Scientific Research” (in
Japanese only)
http://www.scj.go.jp/ja/info/kohyo/pdf/kohyo-23-k150306.pdf
• Serves as a guide for research institutions to operate the MEXT’s
guidelines.
• Showing an example for preservation period of research data and
other resources supporting articles:
• documents, numerical data and images – 10 years
• test sample, laboratory equipment – 5 years
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20. The Role of IRs and librarians in Open
Science
• Tackling research data in Institutional Repositories
as OA platform? (maybe only small data?)
• Examples of ongoing projects concerning IR and
RDM in library community:
•IRPC: Revision of IR metadata format more
appropriately for research data / Development of
RDM training tools / Case study of publishing
data journal / Rescue the ‘disappearing’ datasets
•DRF: Data interview (as reported later)
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