This slide deck is abridged from a presentation given at #CSUN14 titled "TVIs AT Proficiency and Communities of Practice". The work is in press (2014) and will be published in the Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness. Image descriptions: Slide 3: Bar chart of general education classroom teachers' use of technology for instructional activities. 2000=53%, 2010=69% Slide 4: Bar chart of assistive technology (AT) use. TVIs (1998-2002)=41%; Students with visual impairments (2000-2005)=40% (school), 31% (home) Slide 5: Photo of 2 cliffs separated by a large boulder. A person stands on the boulder, looking out into the crevice. Symbolizes divide between tech development/innovations, and student use and classroom implementation. The TVI is the gatekeeper to AT use. Slide 7: Diagram of 2 circles with arrows pointing from one to the other. Circle 1: Identification with a community of practice; Circle 2: Assistive Technology Proficiency Slide 11: Screenshot 1 is of the Bookshare Mentors program; Screenshot 2 is of the Paths to Literacy homepage, from Perkins.

1. TVIS’ TECHNOLOGY PROFICIENCY
& IDENTIFICATION WITH A
COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE
YUE-TING SIU
VALERIE MORASH
UC BERKELEY
@TVI_ting #CSUN14

2. Background
TVI = Teacher of Students with Visual Impairments
AT = Assistive technology
¨ Ting: 12 years’ experience as a TVI and background in
training TVIs how to use technology with students
¨ More tech use in general education
Students with VI must be prepared to work in
digital environment.
¨ AT use Improved postsecondary outcomes,
employment
¨ Concern: Bridge gaps between tech innovations and
teacher adoption for classroom implementation

3. Tech Use in General Ed: A Snapshot
Classroom teachers
69%
53%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
2010
2000
94%
92%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
School
Home
Students 8-17 y.o. (2008)
Gray, L. & colleagues (2010); Interactive (2008); Smerdon & colleagues (2000).

4. Assistive Technology (AT) Use
Abner & Lahm (2002); Edwards & Lewis (1998); Kapperman et al. (2002); Kelly (2008, 2009, 2011)
31%
41%
40%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Students with VI
TVIs
(1998-2002)
(2000-2005)
(school)
(home)

5. A New Digital Divide
Technology
development
and
innovations
Student use and
classroom
implementation
TVI =
Gatekeeper of AT

6. Differentiated needs of TVIs
¨ Itinerant TVIs = travel between several school sites
depending on where students are located
¨ Challenges of itinerant teaching:
¤ Teaching in isolation
¤ Lack of professional learning community
¤ Lack of access to relevant professional development (PD)
¨ Challenges of teaching with AT:
¤ Modification of mainstream tech to suit student needs
¤ Speed of innovation requires ongoing PD
¤ AT as a tool to learning, not an objective unto itself.

7. Each construct informs the other. Investigation of
this relationship:
¨ Requires development of measurement tools
¨ Supports recommendations for practice

8. Community of Practice (CoP)
Consists of 3 dimensions:
¨ Domain of interest: Members of a CoP invest in a shared
collection of knowledge, goals, and purpose to their actions.
These mutual interests inform their actions.
¨ Community: Members interact with one another by sharing
ideas, posing questions, and responding to others’ issues.
Members mutually respect the exchange of information.
¨ Practice: Members share the same “toolkit” comprised of tools,
information, anecdotes, and resources. The community develops
and maintains this body of knowledge, and leverages it to
inform the domain of interest.
(Wenger, 1999)

9. AT Proficiency
Siu & Morash (in press) re-conceptualized Smith et al.’s
(2009) competencies into 4 dimensions:
¨ Choosing: Ability to choose AT for a student
¨ Funding: Ability to secure funding for AT
¨ Personal capabilities: Ability to use/troubleshoot AT
¨ Teaching integration: Ability to use AT for a variety of
purposes

10. Abating the digital divide
¨ Build communities of practice to support teacher
adoption and classroom implementation.
¨ Integrated responsibility of professional
development AND technology developers
Students’ use of AT is the ultimate outcome measure!

11. Examples from the
field:

12. For further contact
Ting Siu, TVI
¨ ysiu@berkeley.edu
¨ facebook.com/yuetingsiu
¨ twitter: TVI_ting
Val Morash
¨ valmo@berkeley.edu