4. I. Why Classify?
A. Why group things?
1. easier to find information about an organism
2. easier to identify an organism
3. shows evolutionary relationships
5. I. Why Classify?
A. Why group things?
1. easier to find information about an organism
2. easier to identify an organism
3. shows evolutionary relationships
B. Biologists use a classification system to name organisms
and group them in a logical manner
6. I. Why Classify?
A. Why group things?
1. easier to find information about an organism
2. easier to identify an organism
3. shows evolutionary relationships
B. Biologists use a classification system to name organisms
and group them in a logical manner
1. taxonomy = scientific study of classification
7. I. Why Classify?
A. Why group things?
1. easier to find information about an organism
2. easier to identify an organism
3. shows evolutionary relationships
B. Biologists use a classification system to name organisms
and group them in a logical manner
1. taxonomy = scientific study of classification
C. binomial nomenclature = each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name
8. I. Why Classify?
A. Why group things?
1. easier to find information about an organism
2. easier to identify an organism
3. shows evolutionary relationships
B. Biologists use a classification system to name organisms
and group them in a logical manner
1. taxonomy = scientific study of classification
C. binomial nomenclature = each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name
1. genus = a group of closely related species, first part of the
scientific name, capitalized
2. species = second part of a scientific name, lower case
3. Scientific names are always italicized or underlined
A. Ex: Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens
11. II. Historical Background
A. Aristotle - (350 B.C.E.) First
scientist to group organisms as
either plants or animals
12. II. Historical Background
A. Aristotle - (350 B.C.E.) First
scientist to group organisms as
either plants or animals
B. Carolus Linnaeus (1701-1778) -
“Father of Modern
Taxonomy”
13. II. Historical Background
A. Aristotle - (350 B.C.E.) First
scientist to group organisms as
either plants or animals
B. Carolus Linnaeus (1701-1778) -
“Father of Modern
Taxonomy”
1. grouped things according to
structural similarities
14. II. Historical Background
A. Aristotle - (350 B.C.E.) First
scientist to group organisms as
either plants or animals
B. Carolus Linnaeus (1701-1778) -
“Father of Modern
Taxonomy”
1. grouped things according to
structural similarities
2. developed a “binomial
nomenclature” system for
identifying every organism
19. III. Modern Taxonomy
A. We still look at
structural similarities,
but primarily we look at
evolutionary
relationships to
classify organisms
20. III. Modern Taxonomy
A. We still look at
structural similarities,
but primarily we look at
evolutionary
relationships to
classify organisms
1. Homologous
structures
21. III. Modern Taxonomy
A. We still look at
structural similarities,
but primarily we look at
evolutionary
relationships to
classify organisms
1. Homologous
structures
2. Embryology
22. III. Modern Taxonomy
A. We still look at
structural similarities,
but primarily we look at
evolutionary
relationships to
classify organisms
1. Homologous
structures
2. Embryology
3. DNA similarities
27. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
28. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
29. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain
30. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
31. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom
32. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
33. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum
34. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
35. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class
36. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
37. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order
38. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primata
39. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primata
Family
40. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primata
Family Homidae
41. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primata
Family Homidae
Genus
42. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primata
Family Homidae
Genus Homo
43. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primata
Family Homidae
Genus Homo
Species
44. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primata
Family Homidae
Genus Homo
Species sapiens
45. IV. Classification Categories (taxa)
A. different levels, from the most general characteristics
to more specific characteristics
B. Eight levels of taxonomy are: (example in yellow)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primata
Family Homidae
Come up with your own sentence
to remember the order: King Genus Homo
Phyllip can only find green Species sapiens
slippers or Definitely Keep
Pots Clean Or Family Gets Sick
47. Giant
Grizzly bear Black bear Abert Coral
panda Red fox
squirrel snake Sea star
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
50. C. Three Domains (developed in 1990)
1. Archaea- Kingdom Archaebacteria
51. C. Three Domains (developed in 1990)
1. Archaea- Kingdom Archaebacteria
2. Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria
52. C. Three Domains (developed in 1990)
1. Archaea- Kingdom Archaebacteria
2. Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria
3. Eukarya- Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and
Animalia
53. C. Three Domains (developed in 1990)
1. Archaea- Kingdom Archaebacteria
2. Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria
3. Eukarya- Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and
Animalia
D. Six Kingdoms
54. C. Three Domains (developed in 1990)
1. Archaea- Kingdom Archaebacteria
2. Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria
3. Eukarya- Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and
Animalia
D. Six Kingdoms
1. Kingdom Archaebacteria (archae =“ancient”)
55. C. Three Domains (developed in 1990)
1. Archaea- Kingdom Archaebacteria
2. Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria
3. Eukarya- Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and
Animalia
D. Six Kingdoms
1. Kingdom Archaebacteria (archae =“ancient”)
1. Prokaryotes, cells walls without peptidoglycan (peptide chain
that makes up the cell wall)
56. C. Three Domains (developed in 1990)
1. Archaea- Kingdom Archaebacteria
2. Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria
3. Eukarya- Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and
Animalia
D. Six Kingdoms
1. Kingdom Archaebacteria (archae =“ancient”)
1. Prokaryotes, cells walls without peptidoglycan (peptide chain
that makes up the cell wall)
2. Live in extreme environments: thermophiles, halophiles,
acidophiles
59. 2. Kingdom Eubacteria
a. Prokaryotes, cells walls with peptidoglycan
60. 2. Kingdom Eubacteria
a. Prokaryotes, cells walls with peptidoglycan
b. ex: Streptococcus and E. coli
61. 2. Kingdom Eubacteria
a. Prokaryotes, cells walls with peptidoglycan
b. ex: Streptococcus and E. coli
3. Kingdom Protista
a. Simple, many are unicellular, no specialization of tissues
b. ex: protozoans, algae
62. 2. Kingdom Eubacteria
a. Prokaryotes, cells walls with peptidoglycan
b. ex: Streptococcus and E. coli
3. Kingdom Protista
a. Simple, many are unicellular, no specialization of tissues
b. ex: protozoans, algae
Protozoans
63. 2. Kingdom Eubacteria
a. Prokaryotes, cells walls with peptidoglycan
b. ex: Streptococcus and E. coli
3. Kingdom Protista
a. Simple, many are unicellular, no specialization of tissues
b. ex: protozoans, algae
Protozoans Algae
66. 4. Kingdom Fungi
a. Multicellular heterotrophs that have a cell wall (absorb food
through the cell wall)
67. 4. Kingdom Fungi
a. Multicellular heterotrophs that have a cell wall (absorb food
through the cell wall)
b. ex: mushrooms, molds, and yeast
68. 4. Kingdom Fungi
a. Multicellular heterotrophs that have a cell wall (absorb food
through the cell wall)
b. ex: mushrooms, molds, and yeast
5. Kingdom Plantae
69. 4. Kingdom Fungi
a. Multicellular heterotrophs that have a cell wall (absorb food
through the cell wall)
b. ex: mushrooms, molds, and yeast
5. Kingdom Plantae
a. Multicellular organisms, contain chlorophyll, have organs and
tissues, autotrophs
70. 4. Kingdom Fungi
a. Multicellular heterotrophs that have a cell wall (absorb food
through the cell wall)
b. ex: mushrooms, molds, and yeast
5. Kingdom Plantae
a. Multicellular organisms, contain chlorophyll, have organs and
tissues, autotrophs
2. Kingdom Animalia
71. 4. Kingdom Fungi
a. Multicellular heterotrophs that have a cell wall (absorb food
through the cell wall)
b. ex: mushrooms, molds, and yeast
5. Kingdom Plantae
a. Multicellular organisms, contain chlorophyll, have organs and
tissues, autotrophs
2. Kingdom Animalia
a. Multicellular organisms, heterotrophs, have organs and tissues
72. Evolutionary Relationship of
Domains & Kingdoms
DOMAIN
ARCHAEA
DOMAIN
EUKARYA
Kingdoms
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
DOMAIN Protista
BACTERIA Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
73. Living
Things
are characterized by
and differing which place them in
such as
which place them in which is subdivided into
which coincides with which coincides with
74. Living
Things
are characterized by
Important
and differing which place them in
characteristics
such as
which place them in which is subdivided into
which coincides with which coincides with
75. Living
Things
Prokaryotic are characterized by Eukaryotic
cells cells
Important
and differing which place them in
characteristics
such as
which place them in which is subdivided into
which coincides with which coincides with
76. Living
Things
Prokaryotic are characterized by Eukaryotic
cells cells
Important
and differing which place them in
characteristics
Cell wall such as
structures
which place them in which is subdivided into
which coincides with which coincides with
77. Living
Things
Prokaryotic are characterized by Eukaryotic
cells cells
Important
and differing which place them in
characteristics
Cell wall such as
structures
which place them in which is subdivided into
Domain Domain
Bacteria Archaea
which coincides with which coincides with
78. Living
Things
Prokaryotic are characterized by Eukaryotic
cells cells
Important
and differing which place them in
characteristics
Cell wall such as
structures
which place them in which is subdivided into
Domain Domain
Bacteria Archaea
which coincides with which coincides with
Kingdom Kingdom
Eubacteria Archaebacteria
79. Living
Things
Prokaryotic are characterized by Eukaryotic
cells cells
Important
and differing which place them in
characteristics
Cell wall Domain
such as Eukarya
structures
which place them in which is subdivided into
Domain Domain
Bacteria Archaea
which coincides with which coincides with
Kingdom Kingdom
Eubacteria Archaebacteria
80. Living
Things
Prokaryotic are characterized by Eukaryotic
cells cells
Important
and differing which place them in
characteristics
Cell wall Domain
such as Eukarya
structures
which place them in which is subdivided into
Kingdom Kingdom
Domain Domain
Plantae Protista
Bacteria Archaea
which coincides with which coincides with Kingdom Kingdom
Fungi Animalia
Kingdom Kingdom
Eubacteria Archaebacteria
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a homogeneous layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria \n
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a homogeneous layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria \n
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a homogeneous layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria \n
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a homogeneous layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria \n
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a homogeneous layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria \n
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a homogeneous layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria \n
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a homogeneous layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria \n
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a homogeneous layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria \n
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a homogeneous layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria \n
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a homogeneous layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria \n
