Malware is malicious software designed to damage or disrupt computers and networks. It includes viruses, worms, Trojans, and bots. Viruses attach themselves to other files and programs to spread. They can damage data, software, and systems. Common types of viruses include boot viruses, TSR viruses, file-infecting viruses, macro viruses, and multipartite viruses. Worms and Trojans are also types of malware. Basic safety measures can help prevent malware attacks, like firewalls, updating software, antivirus programs, and strong passwords.
2. What is MALWARE ?
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Viruses, worms, Trojans, and bots are all part of a class
of software called malware.
Malware or malicious code is short for malicious
software. It is code or software that is specifically
designed to damage, disrupt, steal, or in general inflict
some other “bad” or illegitimate action on data, hosts, or
networks.
Malware cannot damage the physical hardware of
systems and network equipment, but it can damage the
data and software residing on the equipment.
3. Virus
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A computer virus is a software program with a ability to
make copies of itself ,which attacks itself to other
applications or files.
A virus cannot run by itself; it requires that its host
program be run to make the virus active.
Almost all viruses are attached to an executable file
.
4. The Computer Viruses are generally
classified as follows
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1) Boot virus
2) TSR (Terminate and stay resident)
3) File infecting viruses (Program virus)
4) Micro virus
5) Multipartite
5. Boot viruses
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Boot viruses infects the boot records of hard disk
and floppy disks. Generally these are considered
more dangerous than program viruses.
A boot record infector is a piece of malware that
inserts malicious code into the boot sector of a disk.
6. TSR (Terminate and stay resident)
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A TSRS virus is a virus that stays active in memory
after the application (or bootstrapping, or disk
mounting) has terminated.TSR viruses can be boot
sector infectors or executable infectors. The Brain
virus is a TSR virus.
7. FIV(Program viruses)
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These viruses infect program files, which have
extensions such as .COM,.EXE.,SYS.,DLL,.OVL, or
.SCR. program files are attractive targets for
computer virus because they are widely used and
have relativity, simple formats to which viruses can
attach themselves.
8. Macro virus
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These viruses infects data files. For example,
Microsoft word document and template files are
susceptible to macro virus attacks they spread
rapidly as infected documents are shared on
networks or downloaded from internet sites.
9. Multipartite
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A multipartite virus is a virus that can infect either
boot sectors or executables. Such a virus typically
has two parts, one for each type. When it infects an
executable, it acts 3 as an executable infector. When
it infects a boot sector, it works as a boot sector
infector.
11. Computer Worm
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A computer worm is a standalone malware computer
program that replicates itself in order to spread to
other computers.
Examples: Klez, Nimda, Code Red etc.
12. Trojan horse Viruses
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Trojan horse, or Trojan, is any
malicious computer program which is used to hack
into a computer by misleading users of its true
intent.
13. Logic bombs
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logic bombs that execute a certain payload at a
pre-defined time or when some other condition is
met. This technique can be used by a virus or worm
to gain momentum and spread before being noticed.
Logic bombs are usually timed to do maximum
damage.
14. How do viruses work?
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Once a virus gains access to a computer, its effects can vary. Possible
attacks include
• Replicating itself
• Interrupting system/network use
• Modifying configuration settings
• Flashing BIOS
• Format hard drive/destroy data
• Using computer/network resources
• Distribution of confidential info
• Denial of Service attacks
15. Sources of Computer Virus Attack
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Removable media or drives
• Downloading Internet files
• E-mail attachments
• Unpatched software and services
• Poor Administrator passwords
• Poor shared passwords
16. Computer Security
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Patching the operating system
• Patching services
• Patching client software
• Passwords
• Antivirus software
• Firewalls
Virus prevention
17. Perform Basic Computer Safety
Maintenance
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Use an Internet Firewall
Update Your Computer
Virus Detection (Antivirus software)
Strong Passwords
Valid Certificates before installing Software
