32. 病毒可以形成包涵体 inclusion
bodies
• 包涵体是无定形的蛋白质
的聚集。
• 在环境恶劣或表达过快时
形成。
• 光学显微镜下可见
• 多为圆形、卵圆形或不定
形。
• 不同病毒的包涵体数量、
性状、染色特性和存在部
位不同,可用于鉴别及诊
断。
In rabies (caused by a lyssavirus, an RNA virus),
viral inclusion bodies form in the cytoplasm of
neurons.
65. 5′···GCAGTACATGTC ···3′
3′··· c g t g a t g t a c a g ···5′
5′···GCAGUACAUGUC ···3′
编码链
模板链
RNA
转录
DNA双链中按碱基配对规律能指引转录生成RNA的
一股单链,称为模板链(template strand),也称
作有意义链或Watson链。
相对的另一股单链是编码链(coding strand),也
称为反义链或Crick链。
78. 噬菌体的溶菌周期 lytic cycle
資料來源:Solomon, E. P. and L. R. Berg. 1995. The World of Biology. Saunders College Publishing, p. 379.
• 一般很短,
越20至30分
钟
• 是一种烈性
噬菌体
virulent
phage
79. 噬菌体的溶菌周期 lytic cycle
資料來源:Solomon, E. P. and L. R. Berg. 1995. The World of Biology. Saunders College Publishing, p. 379.
• 大量复制
• 细菌破裂死
亡
• 可带上原宿
主的DNA到新
的宿主
• 增加细菌的
变异性
97. 核区 nucleoid region
• 大型的环状DNA分子反
复折叠缠绕而成
• 控制细菌的主要遗传性
状
Note the nucleoid region (n) where DNA is located as well as
the electron dense areas of the cytoplasm (dark areas) on these
two cells of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
107. 菌毛 pilus pl. pili
• 生长在卓兰氏阴性细菌体表
• 纤细、短直、数量较多
• 蛋白质附属物
• 不具运动功能
• 使菌体附着于物体表面
• 如淋病奈氏球菌的菌毛
• 长在泌尿生殖道上的上皮细胞
• 引起淋病 gonorrhea
This low-resolution
photomicrograph reveals the
histopathology in an acute
case of gonococcal urethritis
using Gram-stain technique.
This slide is used to
demonstrate the non-random
distribution of gonococci
among polymorphonuclear
neutrophils. Note that there
are both intracellular and
extracellular bacteria in the
field of view. It survives within
neutrophils.
113. 细菌的无性生殖
• 细菌以核区内的环状DNA分子
为模板
• 复制新的DNA
• 两条DNA分开并向两端移动
• 细胞体中间部位的细胞膜及细
胞壁从外向内凹形成横隔
• 将母细胞从中分割成两个子细
胞 資料來源:Wallace, R. A., G. P. Sanders
and R. J. Ferl. 1996. Biology Harper
Collins, College Publishers, p. 433.
129. 无氧光合作用
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
• 例如绿硫细菌、紫硫细菌
• 利用细菌叶绿素
bacteriochlorophyll吸收阳光
• 从硫化氫H2S获得H
• 释出硫磺
Sulfur is used as a reducing agent during photosynthesis in green and sulfur
bacteria.
1. Energy in the form of sunlight.
2. The light dependent reactions take place when the light excites a reaction
center, which donates an electron to another molecule and starts the electron
transport chain to produce ATP and NADPH.
3. Once NADPH has been produced, the Calvin cycle proceeds as in
oxygenic photosynthesis, turning CO2 into glucose.