Evolution of group living: insights from a social foraging bat
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Séminaire ISEM - Montpellier (France) 15 Décembre 2014
![True sociality:
Persistence in associations
between individuals
in space and time
[Lee 1994]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Evolution of group living: insights from a social foraging bat
- 1. Evolution of group living: insights from a social foraging bat Dina Dechmann Teague O’Mara Rachel Page’s lab Olivier Gimenez Stephen Rossiter’s lab Yann GAGER
- 2. True sociality: Persistence in associations between individuals in space and time [Lee 1994]
- 4. [Van Schaik & VanHoof 1983]
- 5. [Schult et al. 2001] Multiple Convergent evolution of sociality e.g. Primates
- 6. Ecological drivers of sociality Predators Temperature Roost Food
- 7. Spatial and temporal food constraints Spatial Temporal Sunrise Sunset Time
- 8. Social foraging & information transfer
- 9. [Safi & Kerth 2007] Social foraging in bats = +
- 10. Feeding buzzes (cues) Solitary = Echoes up to 5m Group = Eavesdropping up to 50 m
- 11. Numerous benefits and costs of group living Fitness ~ Group size [Van Schaik & VanHoof 1983]
- 12. How does group size affect fitness components? Group size Fitness
- 13. Foraging efficiency ~ Group size? Group size Foraging efficiency [Beauchamp 1998]
- 14. Group size Survival [Beauchamp 1998] Survival ~ group size ?
- 15. How does group size affect fitness components? Survival? Foraging efficiency? Group size
- 16. The social bat M. molossus
- 17. Total size of social groups
- 18. Adult size of social groups
- 20. [Dechmann et al. 2010] Two energetic strategies Group foraging Lowered metabolism [Dechmann et al. 2011]
- 21. Weight at retur Weight at emergence The mass data
- 22. Foraging efficiency ~ group size 5 social groups with automated recorders Artificial group size manipulation Linear Mixed-Effect Model + Bayesian simulations Molecular ecology 78 marked individuals 20 to 50% of individuals kept in captivity Fixed + Random effects 5000 simulations Up to 18 microsatellites for most individuals
- 23. Mass variation over foraging period - Linear model with Mixed-effects - Ecological + genetic data - Polynomial function for group size - Interactions with time
- 24. Model: Quadratic function of group size (+ 95% CrI )
- 25. Survival ~ group size 201 recaptures of 126 adult females of 14 social groups
- 26. Survival ~ group size No influence of group size on survival Continuous monitoring of 63 marked adult females from 4 social groups
- 27. Survival ~ group size Transitions between group size Continuous monitoring of 63 marked adult females from 4 social groups
- 28. Main results Foraging efficiency ~ GS Survival ~ GS Fitness components ~ group size: Various patterns!
- 29. PhD Milestones Next months: - Write foraging efficiency chapter - Analyses on reproductive success - Analyses on emergence order December 2015: PhD defense (Konstanz) Next weeks: - Submit survival chapter - Finish microsatellite note
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Three parts: - Living in groups - Fitness ~ group size - Insights from a social foraging bat
- Diversity of animals and behaviors
- solitary (purple), uni-male (orange), multi-male (red), pair-living (pink) where the combined Convergent evolution of sociality
- - Predator = T-rex - Temperature = penguins - Food = plate
- Supermarket = « food patch »
- Solitary: Only private information. Social: Private information + Public information Multiple species for diverse food sources – Visual + acoustic communication
- Diversity of social systems (Seasonal vs. Year-round) Bats ! Male in temperate zones + mixed groups in the tropics
- Alarm calls: many birds! Velvet monkey: alarm call for leopards, snakes and eagles Food calls and alarm calls
- Talk about playbacks ! Bats really attracted to playbacks of feeding buzzes
- Number of bats in a group: proxy for foraging group size Benefit! But also cost…
- Fitness = multiple components Group size = common estimate for sociality
- Fitness = multiple components A panel of possible relationships
- Explain the reasons of such relationships! Increase of MFIR or Reduction in variation of MFIR
- TALK: Benefits (costs?) associated with this foraging strategy? Controverial results + group size as a common estimate of sociality Reasons for each exemple? Tropical warbler: decrease with Kestrel: increase with Spider: optimal because Coati:
- Fitness = multiple components Contradictory results, no studies on bats… Technological + statistical developments
- 81 capture events on 14 social groups
- 81 capture events on 14 social groups Experienced group size (transpondered adults)
- Add photo wing
- Add graph on mass variation!
- Graph realised with the help of Fränzi
- Small effect, non-detected with various marking year?
- Small effect, non-detected with various marking year?
- Example of spiders with survival costs but reproductive benefits
- + group stability + individual’s relatedness