8. Small harems of stable size
[81 captures – 14 social groups]
Adultgroupsize
Roost identity
Recruitment
of juveniles
dispersing
Death of
group members
+
-
10. Reader data from one adult of each sex
SunriseSunset
Typical female:
foraging (x̄ = 38 mins)
11. Reader data from one adult of each sex
Typical female:
foraging (x̄ = 38 mins)
Typical male:
foraging (x̄ = 32 mins)
+ roost guarding
SunriseSunset
13. Mass data for one femaleMass(g)
Month of the year
Emergence
Return
14. Mass data for one female
Birth
Pregnancy
Mass(g)
Month of the year
15. Modelling mass data
for after-sunset period
- 5 social groups with group size manipulation
- Evening foraging period [sunset: 3 h after sunset]
- 37 days, 73 individuals, 8681 mass points
The automated dataset of mass
16. Modelling mass data
for after-sunset period
- 5 social groups with group size manipulation
- Evening foraging period [sunset: 3 h after sunset]
- 37 days, 73 individuals, 8681 mass points
The automated dataset of mass
Day 1 Day 6 Day 11 Day 15
Natural size
(100%)
Artificial size
(50-75%)
Natural size
(100%)
17. Modelling mass data
for after-sunset period
Linear mixed-effect models
- Response variable: Mass
- Fixed predictor variables (sex, group size, day, time, weather [rain, wind speed, temp., moon])
- Random effect variables (transponder, roost)
- 5 social groups with group size manipulation
- Evening foraging period [sunset: 3 h after sunset]
- 37 days, 73 individuals, 8681 mass points
The automated dataset of mass
20. Important predictor variables for mass
>
Sex
[Female-defense polygyny]
Rain & wind speed
[Effect on foraging]
Time
[Sunset: 3 h after sunset]
21. Important predictor variables for mass
>
Sex
[Female-defense polygyny]
Rain & wind speed
[Effect on foraging]
Time
[Sunset: 3 h after sunset]
Group size
[Optimal for
mass gain]
22. Mass gain over 3 h ~ group size
Massgain(g)over3h
Group size
23. Mass gain over 3 h ~ group size
95%
Credibility
Interval
Group size
Massgain(g)over3h
29. What are the multiple benefits of bat sociality?
Predator avoidance
Food sharing
Social thermoregulation
Information transfer about food
Hinweis der Redaktion
Evolution of social behaviour: central evolutionary topic
Experimental approach & automated data collection in a free-ranging animalWhy being social? Benefit from social information!Première: measuring foraging efficiency, a crucial information for evolutionary ecologists, in a free-ranging animalNo disturbance of animals + high quantity of data
- Update acoustics first graph
- Read paper Speakman about insect peaks
Strategy to increase prey detectionLink increase of foraging efficiency to potential survival and reproductive benefits…
Strategy to increase prey detectionLink increase of foraging efficiency to potential survival and reproductive benefits…
Strategy to increase prey detectionLink increase of foraging efficiency to potential survival and reproductive benefits…Systematic strategy, foraging socially with members from your social groups
- Give examples about food patches (school of fisches, patches of fruits, insects…)
- Give examples about food patches (school of fisches, patches of fruits, insects…)
More individuals: recruitments of dispersed individualsLess individuals: deaths
Free-ranging animals
Transponder-reader + Scale (g) + Laser for direction of the bat= « Magic box »
- Mention timing of foraging
Sexual dimorphism to defend females (fitness & repro) against competing males (alert behaviour)
Sexual dimorphism to defend females (fitness & repro) against competing males (alert behaviour)
Sexual dimorphism to defend females (fitness & repro) against competing males (alert behaviour)
Sexual dimorphism to defend females (fitness & repro) against competing males (alert behaviour)
Artificial manipulation to increase the natural range of group sizeA: 100%, 4-15 / B: (50-75%: 4-11 wild & 25-50%: 3-6 captive) / C. 4-15
Artificial manipulation to increase the natural range of group sizeA: 100%, 4-15 / B: (50-75%: 4-11 wild & 25-50%: 3-6 captive) / C. 4-15
Climatic conditions: taken from MovebankGroup size: # of transpondered individuals per night and roostWithin-group relatedness: mean of pairwise relatednessForaging efficiency = mass variation over two hours after sunset
Climatic conditions: taken from MovebankGroup size: # of transpondered individuals per night and roostWithin-group relatedness: mean of pairwise relatednessForaging efficiency = mass variation over two hours after sunset
Climatic conditions: taken from MovebankGroup size: # of transpondered individuals per night and roostWithin-group relatedness: mean of pairwise relatednessForaging efficiency = mass variation over two hours after sunset
Climatic conditions: taken from MovebankGroup size: # of transpondered individuals per night and roostWithin-group relatedness: mean of pairwise relatednessForaging efficiency = mass variation over two hours after sunset
Max = 1.57g with 8 individuals in the groupOutput of the model: average individual mass gain over different days, roosts, sex, 3 h sunset period95% Credible interval = 95% credible region = uncertainty from a range of values of posterior probability that includes 95% of the probabilityCredibility interval = Bayesian probability interval = data + information from the prior distribution into the estimate
Max = 1.57g with 8 individuals in the groupOutput of the model: average individual mass gain over different days, roosts, sex, 3 h sunset period95% Credible interval = 95% credible region = uncertainty from a range of values of posterior probability that includes 95% of the probabilityCredibility interval = Bayesian probability interval = data + information from the prior distribution into the estimate
+ add Oikostat & Franzï Korner
Fitness = multiple componentsContradictory results, no studies on bats… Technological + statistical developments
Not implemented yet food intake rate… just massAdd colours (genetic + socio-ecology)
Multiple reasons to be socialMost of the knowledge in temperate environment !A variety of cooperative behavioursInformation transfer = social foraging