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Alternative fuels workshop focuses on electric, natural gas, propane vehicles
- 1. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Alternative Fuels Workshop Jackson, WY Teton County Public Library Friday, April 17th 10:00am-2:00pm
- 2. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Welcome 10:00 - Welcome and Coalition Background: Alicia Cox, Yellowstone-Teton Clean Energy Coalition 10:15 - Propane: Larry Osgood, Consulting Solutions, Rocky Mountain Propane Association 11:00 - Biodiesel-Tad Pearson, Idaho National Laboratory 11:45 - Lunch 12:15 - Electric Vehicle (EV) presentation: Matthew Shirk, Idaho National Laboratory 1:00 - Compressed Natural Gas: Tracey Hind 1:45 - Closing and head to parking lot to look at vehicles
- 3. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Coalition Mission Mission: To displace the use of petroleum in the regional transportation sector, improve air quality through reduced harmful exhaust emissions, and increase energy security and sustainability
- 4. Clean Cities Coalitions ⢠Nearly 100 coalitions throughout the United States ⢠660,000 AFVs using alternative fuels * Total includes more than 16,000 electric charging sites.
- 5. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Why Clean Cities advances the nation's â˘economic â˘environmental and â˘energy security by supporting local actions to reduce petroleum consumption in transportation
- 6. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Alternative and Renewable Fuels ⢠Biodiesel ⢠Electricity ⢠Ethanol (E85) ⢠Hydrogen ⢠Natural gas ⢠Propane Fuel Economy ⢠Fuel efficient vehicles ⢠Driving habits ⢠Vehicle maintenance How
- 7. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies How Idle Reduction ⢠Technologies ⢠Behavioral changes Trip Elimination ⢠Telecommuting ⢠Ridesharing
- 8. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Strategies ⢠Connecting fleets and individuals with fuel providers, technical information, case studied and training.
- 9. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Thank-You Luckyâs Whole Grocer Teton County Library
- 10. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies
- 11. âan odorless, nontoxic, gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons-primarily CH4 that comes in two forms: CNG and LNGâ Natural Gas
- 12. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Mixture of Hydrocarbons, Predominantly Methane (CH4) Basics: What is Natural Gas? Images: U.S. Department of Energy, Producing Natural Gas From Shale, http://energy.gov/articles/producing-natural-gas-shale; NREL Image Gallery #06331
- 13. Natural Gas Benefits ⢠Abundant domestic resource ⢠High octane rating ⢠Nontoxic, noncorrosive, and noncarcinogenic ⢠Lower emissions ⢠Low and consistent fuel prices ⢠Proven and established Considerations ⢠Incremental vehicle or conversion costs ⢠Infrastructure availability and costs
- 14. Natural Gas Today ď§ Around 13 million natural gas vehicles worldwide ď§ Natural gas = nearly 25% of the total energy used in the U.S. ď§ Residential and commercial usage â 34% ď§ Industrial usage â 27% ď§ Electric power production â 31% ď§ Vehicle fuel â <1%
- 15. Storage Applications Energy Content Compressed Natural Gas Stored as a gas in onboard tanks under high pressure Light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles 1 gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) = 5.66 pounds (lb) or 126.67 cubic feet Liquefied Natural Gas Stored as a liquid at cold temperatures (-260°F) Stored in double- wall, vacuum- insulated pressure vessels Heavy-duty vehicles 1 GGE = 1.5 gal LNG CNG and LNG
- 16. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Vehicles: OEMs versus Conversions Aftermarket Conversions Prepped Vehicles ⢠Aftermarket conversions provide additional options â Must meet federal and state requirements, and be installed by a qualified system retrofitter (QSR) in accordance with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 52 ⢠Vehicles with factory-installed engine prep packages are converted by a qualified vehicle modifier (QVM) before delivery to the customer
- 17. Vehicles Dedicated: designed to run only on natural gas. Bi-fuel: have two separate fueling systems that enable them to run on either natural gas or gasoline. Dual-fuel: traditionally limited to heavy-duty applications, have fuel systems that run on natural gas, and use diesel fuel for ignition assistance.
- 18. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Vehicles: Applications Images: NREL Image Gallery #18285, #07351, #17174
- 19. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Infrastructure
- 20. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Infrastructure
- 21. Why Natural Gas 6-11% emission reduction ~$1.85 per gallon
- 22. Why Natural Gas 6-11% emission reduction ~$1.85 per gallon
- 23. Cost of CNG
- 25. ď§ Several vehicles connected to a compressor at one time ď§ Fueling takes from 1-8 hours ď§ Intended for commercial and home fueling ď§ Vehicle will sit unused overnight for fueling Figure 15: CNG fueling pump (left) and time-fill station (right). Source: NAFTC. Time-Fill Station
- 27. ď§ Stores enough CNG that several vehicles can be fueled quickly and in succession ď§ Takes about five to seven minutes Figure 16: Fast-fill public CNG pump. Source: NAFTC. Fast-Fill Station
- 28. ⢠Storage size ⢠Compressor capacity ⢠Dispensing rate Station Differences
- 29. ⢠Similar horsepower, acceleration, cruising speed as conventional vehicles ⢠Payload capacity may be compromised, depending on number and location of fuel storage cylinders ⢠U.S. Department of Energy(DOE) states that CNG- powered vehicles have about the same level of fuel economy ⢠LNG is a suitable alternative fuel for vehicles that can store about 200 gallons worth of GGE in 20 cubic feet of space, yet remain in motion, such as transit buses Performance
- 30. ⢠Excellent safety record due to the properties of the fuel itself, reliability of fuel delivery system ⢠Natural gas is lighter than air ⢠Does not pool like other fuels ⢠Natural gas has limited range of flammability and will not burn in concentrations below 5% or above 15% when mixed with air ⢠Storage cylinders limited to fifteen year life according to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ⢠Visual inspection of cylinder must be completed every three years Safety
- 31. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies Other Considerations: Return on Investment Tools afdc.energy.gov/tools
- 32. Alternative fuels, strategies and technologies EPA P2 Calculator
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Summarize your vision for where you see the coalition heading during the next 3 years. All residents and visitors to the Greater Yellowstone Area have access to alternative means of transportation and fuels. Consider the strategic role that all the Clean Cities portfolio elements can play in making your coalition successful.
- Clean Cities activities are implemented by a national network of nearly 100 Clean Cities coalitions. Led by Clean Cities coordinators, coalitions are comprised of businesses, fuel providers, vehicle fleets, state and local government agencies, and community organizations. These stakeholders come together to share information and resources, educate the public, help craft public policy, and collaborate on projects that reduce petroleum use. The boundaries of Clean Cities coalitions cover about 74% of the country&apos;s total population. The green areas on the map are areas covered by a Clean Cities coalition. Clean Cities coalitions have been instrumental in the deployment of more than 660,00 alternative fuel vehicles. Â
- This slide shows the various technology areas supported by Clean Cities. Clean Cities coordinators provide stakeholders with unbiased, objective information about these technologies. Clean Cities is a fuel-neutral program--supporting all EPAct alternative fuels, including: biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, and propane. Clean Cities also supports fuel economy improvements and idle reduction, as well as trip elimination measures, like rideshare and telecommuting programs. [Provide local examples of projects.]
- Conventional Natural Gas Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons, predominantly methane (CH4). It also contains hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane and other gases such as nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and water vapor. Natural gas accounts for over one-quarter of the energy used in the United States. It is used for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes, as well as for electricity generation. Transportation is only a small portion of that. Conventional natural gas is primarily extracted from gas and oil wells. Gas trapped in subsurface porous rock reservoirs is extracted via drilling. Gas streams produced from oil and gas reservoirs contain natural gas, liquids, and other materials. Also, advances in hydraulic fracturing technologies enables access to large volumes of natural gas from shale formations. United States has a vast natural gas pipeline distribution system, which can quickly and economically distribute natural gas to and from almost any location in the lower 48 states. [Discussion of local conventional natural gas distribution and availability] Renewable Natural Gas Renewable natural gas â also known as biogas, biomethane, swamp gas, landfill gas, or digester gasâis the gaseous product of anaerobic digestion (decomposition without oxygen) of organic matter, such as sewage, animal byproducts, and agricultural, industrial, and municipal solid waste. Most commonly, renewable natural gas is produced from landfills and livestock operations. Renewable natural gas has all the same benefits as conventional natural gas, plus: Increased Energy SecurityâBiogas offsets non-renewable resources, such as coal, oil, and fossil fuel-derived natural gas. Producing biogas creates U.S. jobs and benefits local economies. Lower EmissionsâCapturing biogas reduces emissions by preventing methane release into the atmosphere. Methane is 25 times stronger than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. Better EconomicsâBiogas reduces the cost of complying with EPA combustion requirements for landfill gas. Cleaner EnvironmentâProducing biogas through anaerobic digestion reduces landfill waste and odors and produces nutrient-rich liquid fertilizer. The biogas being produced naturally from these operations is upgraded to purity standards so that it may be used in vehicles or distributed through the existing pipeline system. Currently a very small portion of natural gas is produced from renewable resources. However, this amount continues to increase through research, development, and demonstration projects. [Discussion of local biogas production experiences , if any]
- Benefits Interest in natural gas as an alternative transportation fuel stems from its clean-burning qualities, its domestic resource base, and its commercial availability. Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) have been used for decades to fuel light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. Natural gas has a high octane rating and excellent properties for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. NGVs are similar to gasoline or diesel vehicles with regard to power, acceleration, and cruising speed. It is nontoxic, noncorrosive, and noncarcinogenic and presents no threat to soil, surface water, or groundwater in the case of a leak or spill. If CNG leaks during refueling or elsewhere, there is no need for emergency clean-up due to evaporation. CNG and LNG vehicles can offer life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions benefits over conventional fuels, depending on vehicle type, drive cycle, and engine calibration. According to the Argonne National Laboratoryâs GREET model, natural gas emits approximately 6% to 11% lower levels of GHGs than gasoline throughout the fuel life cycle. The benefit is even greater for renewable natural gas. In addition, using natural gas may reduce some types of tailpipe emissions, including nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and toxic and carcinogenic pollutants, particularly in older diesel vehicles. And because CNG fuel systems are completely sealed, CNG vehicles produce no evaporative emissions. The price of natural gas on an energy content basis is significantly less than conventional fuels. In addition, in recent years, the price of natural gas is not as volatile as gasoline and diesel. [Current pricing information for the region/area] Natural gas vehicle technology is proven and established. In 2013, there were 135,000 natural gas vehicles in the United States. Considerations The driving range of dedicated NGVs is generally less than that of comparable gasoline and diesel vehicles because, with natural gas, less overall energy can be stored in the same size tank as the more energy-dense gasoline or diesel fuels. Extra natural gas storage tanks or the use of LNG can help increase range for larger vehicles. Bi-fuel vehicles also extend driving range. The incremental cost of NGVs or the cost of converting a conventional vehicle to run on natural gas can vary, but typically requires an upfront investment that may be paid back during vehicle operation. Although the United States has an extensive natural distribution system in place, vehicle fueling infrastructure is limited. Therefore, fleets may need to install their own natural gas infrastructure, which can be costly. Finding partners who will commit to use the infrastructure can improve the payback period.
- NGVs are available as original equipment manufacturer (OEM) models or conversions. On the light-duty side, Honda and General Motors offer OEM models. Natural gas vehicle conversions provide alternative fuel options beyond what is available from OEMs. Qualified system retrofitters (QSRs, also referred to as an upfitter or installer) can economically and reliably convert many light- and medium-duty vehicles for natural gas operation. Natural gas engines and fueling systems are also available for some heavy-duty vehicles. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 52 lays out safety requirements for NGVs; it will be discussed further in a later slide. Conversions can be done on vehicles after they have already been in use. However, some OEMs (e.g., Ford) offer prepped vehicle packages that have the necessary valve train components for CNG operation. The vehicle is then fully converted by a qualified vehicle modifier (QVM) before delivery. All vehicle and engine conversions must meet emissions and safety standards instituted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and state agencies like the California Air Resources Board (CARB). [Information about relevant state-level conversion regulations] Vehicle owners and fleet managers interested in pursuing a conversion must work with the conversion manufacturer or an authorized representative. The actual conversion work must be performed by a licensed technician associated with the manufacturer that holds the relevant emissions-related certifications and tampering exemptions. Your local Clean Cities coordinator can help you identify safe and compliant conversion systems and retrofitters.
- Many different kinds of fleets successfully deploy NGVs. According to Natural Gas Vehicles for America (NGVAmerica), the stats for the United States as of 2014 are: More than 83,000 light-duty NGVs More than 7,500 refuse trucks; it is estimated that more than half of new refuse trucks purchased are NGVs About 11,000 transit buses, or about 19% of all transit buses in service (according to APTA, http://www.apta.com/mediacenter/pressreleases/2013/Pages/130422_Earth-Day.aspx 5,300 school buses More than 22,000 medium-duty vehicles in shuttle bus applications and a wide variety of work truck applications, such as short-haul or delivery (http://www.ngvamerica.org/forfleets/index.html) There is a wide selection of vehicles available from OEMs, conversion companies, and installers that perform conversions. As a reminder, all conversions should be approved by the EPA or CARB, depending on which state you are operating in. While historically the Honda Civic Natural Gas was the only light-duty OEM NGV available, as of 2014, OEMs are introducing a variety of light-duty NGV options, including pick-up trucks, vans, and passenger cars.
- NREL and Argonne Natational Laboratory
- NREL and Argonne Natational Laboratory
- There are a variety of tools available to calculate NGV emissions, petroleum reduction, and payback. Above are just two examples, the AFDC Vehicle Cost Calculator, which allows users to compare cost of ownership and emissions for most vehicle models, and the AFLEET tool, which calculates a fleet&apos;s petroleum use, cost of ownership, and air pollutant and GHG emissions. The Cost Calculator graph shows one payback scenario for a Honda Civic Natural Gas, versus its gasoline counterpart. The AFLEET graph shows one payback scenario for CNG transit buses, versus their diesel counterparts. Both turn out to be around 6 years. Fleets are encouraged to use these customizable tools to find their own payback.