This document provides an introduction to computers, including defining key terms like computer literacy, system software, application software, and computer components. It describes categories of computers like personal computers, servers, and mobile devices. It discusses computer networks and the internet, the advantages and disadvantages of computer use, and examples of computer applications in various fields like education, healthcare, publishing and more.

1. Introduction to
Computers

2. Objectives
Recognize the importance of
computer literacy
Distinguish between system software
and application software
Define the term, computer
Describe the categories of computers
Identify the components
of a computer
Identify the elements of
an information system
Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of using computers
Describe the various types
of computer users
Recognize the purpose of a network
Discuss various computer
applications in society
Discuss the uses of the Internet and
World Wide Web

3. A World of Computers
Computer literacy is…
 Knowledge and understanding
of computers and their uses
 Computers are everywhere
p. 5-6 Fig. 1-1

4. What Is a Computer?
A computer is defined as an…
 Electronic device operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory
Processes data into
Accepts data information
Raw facts, figures, and
Data that is organized,
symbols
meaningful, and useful
Produces and stores results
p. 6

5. What Is a Computer?
The information processing cycle is…
 Input
 Process
 Output
 Storage
 Communication
p. 6 Fig. 1-2

6. The Components of a Computer
An input device is…
 Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
p. 7 Fig. 1-3

7. The Components of a Computer
An output device is…
 Hardware that
conveys
information
to one or more
people
p. 8 Fig. 1-3

8. The Components of a Computer
The system unit is…
 Case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data
p. 8 Fig. 1-3

9. The Components of a Computer
The two main components on the motherboard are…
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
The electronic component that interprets and carries
out the basic instructions that operate the computer
Memory
Consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by
those instructions
p. 8

10. The Components of a Computer
Storage…
 Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
p. 8

11. The Components of a Computer
Storage media includes…
Digital
cameras
Portable, thin
memory cards
used in:
Handheld
computers
p. 8

12. The Components of a Computer
A floppy disk is a…
 Thin, circular,
flexible disk
enclosed in rigid
plastic shell
p. 8

13. The Components of a Computer
A USB flash drive…
 Provides much
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk or
Zip® disk
 Small and
lightweight enough
to be transported
on a keychain or
in a pocket
p. 8

14. The Components of a Computer
A hard disk…
 Provides greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk, Zip disk, or
USB flash drive
 Most are housed inside
of the system unit
p. 8 Fig. 1-4

15. The Components of a Computer
A compact disc…
 Flat, round, portable metal disc
 CD-ROM
 DVD-ROM
p. 9 Fig. 1-5

16. The Components of a Computer
A communications device is a…
Hardware component that
enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions,
and information
Occurs over cables, telephone
lines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and other
transmission media
p. 9

17. Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
The advantages of using computers are…
Speed Reliability Consistency
Storage Communications
p. 10

18. Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
The disadvantages of using computers are…
Violation of Impact on
Privacy Labor Force
Impact on
Health Risks
Environment
p. 10

19. Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
 Collection of computers and devices connected together
Communications
Device Transmission
Media
Enables a Satellites
Cables
connection
Telephone Cellular
between
lines radio
computers
One type is
a modem
p. 11

20. Networks and the Internet
What are the reasons to network?
To share
Resources
Hardware
devices
Software
programs To save
Data
time
Information and
money
p. 11

21. Networks and the Internet
A server…
 manages the
resources on a
network
 Clients access
the resources
on the server
p. 11 Fig. 1-6

22. Different Types of Servers
The multiple types of servers or types of network servers are as follows:
Server Platform: Server platform is the fundamental hardware or software
for a system which acts as an engine that drives the server. It is often
used synonymously with an operating system.
Application Server: Also known as a type of middleware, it occupies a
substantial amount of computing region between database servers and
the end user, and is commonly used to connect the two.
Audio/Video Server: It provides multimedia capabilities to websites by
helping the user to broadcast streaming multimedia content.
Chat Server: It serves the users to exchange data in an environment similar
to Internet newsgroup which provides real time discussion capabilities.
Fax Server: It is one of the best option for organizations seeking for
minimum incoming and outgoing telephone resources, but require to fax
actual documents.
FTP Server: It works on one of the oldest of the Internet services, the file
transfer protocol. It provides a secure file transfer between computers
while ensuring file security and transfer control.

23. Groupware Server: It is a software designed that enables the
users to work together, irrespective of the location, through
the Internet or a corporate intranet and to function together
in a virtual atmosphere.
IRC Server: It is an ideal option for those looking for real-time
discussion capabilities. Internet Relay Chat comprises
different network servers that enable the users to connect to
each other through an IRC network.
List Server: It provides a better way of managing mailing lists.
The server can be either open interactive discussion for the
people or a one-way list that provide announcements,
newsletters or advertising.

24. Mail Server: It transfers and stores mails over corporate
networks through LANs, WANs and across the Internet.
News Server: It serves as a distribution and delivery source for
many public news groups, approachable over the USENET
news network.
Proxy Server: It acts as a mediator between a client program
and an external server to filter requests, improve
performance and share connections.
Telnet Server: It enables the users to log on to a host computer
and execute tasks as if they are working on a remote
computer.

25. Web Server: It provides static content to a web
browser by loading a file from a disk and
transferring it across the network to the user's web
browser. This exchange is intermediated by the
browser and the server, communicating using
HTTP.
These were the different types of servers which can be
categorized according to their applications. Servers
along with managing network resources are also
dedicated, i.e. they perform no other task other
than their server tasks.

26. Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet?
 Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals
p. 12 Fig. 1-7

27. Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
1. Communications
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
6. Entertainment
p. 12-13 Fig. 1-8

28. Networks and the Internet
What is the Web?
 Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to
anyone connected to the Internet
A Web site is
a collection of
related Web pages
A Web page contains
text, graphics, sound, You can share
video, and links to information by
other Web pages creating Web pages
or posting photos on
a photo sharing
community
p. 12

29. Computer Software
Software is…
a series of
instructions that also called a
tell the computer program
what to do
p. 15

30. Computer Software
A graphical user interface (GUI)…
 Allows you to
interact with the
software using
graphics and icons
 Controls how you
enter data and how
the screen displays
information
p. 15 Fig. 1-10

31. Computer Software
System software includes…
 Programs that control or maintain the operations of
the computer and its devices
Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs
that coordinates all
activities among
computer hardware
devices and allows Utility Programs allow the user to
users to run perform maintenance-type tasks
application software usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
p. 15-16

32. Computer Software
Application software include…
 Programs that perform
specific tasks for users
Word
Spreadsheet
Processing
Presentation
Database
Graphics
p. 16 Fig. 1-11

33. Computer Software
How do you install and run programs?
p. 17 Fig. 1-12

34. Computer Software
Javascript program
A programmer is…
 Someone who develops
application or system
software
 Programmer writes
instructions to
direct computer to
process data into
information
p. 18 Fig. 1-13 Resulting Internet application

35. Categories of Computers
Categories of computers include…
Personal Computers
(desktop)
Mobile Computers and
Mobile Devices
Midrange Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
p. 19

36. Personal Computers
The two most popular types of personal computers
are…
 PC and compatibles  Apple Macintosh
use the Windows uses the Macintosh
operating system operating system
(Mac OS)
p. 19 Figs. 1-15–1-16

37. Personal Computers
A desktop computer is…
 Designed so all of the components fit entirely on
or under a desk or table
p. 19-20 Fig. 1-15

38. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
A notebook computer is…
 Portable, small enough
to fit on your lap
 Also called a laptop
computer
 Generally more
expensive than a desktop
computer
p. 20 Fig. 1-17

39. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
A Tablet PC…
 Resembles a letter-sized slate
 Allows you to write on the
screen using a digital pen
 Especially useful for taking
notes
p. 21 Fig. 1-18

40. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Mobile devices are…
 Small enough to carry in a
pocket
 Internet-enabled
telephone is a
“smart phone”
p. 21 Fig. 1-20

41. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
A handheld computer is…
Small
enough to fit
Used
in one
by mobile
hand
employees such as
meter readers and
delivery people
p. 21

42. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
A personal digital assistant (PDA)…
 Provides personal organizer functions
 Calendar
 Appointment book
 Address book
 Calculator
 Notepad
p. 22 Fig. 1-20

43. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are smart phones and smart watches?
A smart phone is A smart watch is
an Internet-enabled an Internet-enabled
telephone that usually watch that automatically
provides PDA capabilities adjusts to time zone changes
and stores personal
information
p. 22 Figs. 1-21—1-22

44. Servers
Types of servers include…
Midrange server: Powerful, large
computer that supports up to a few
thousand computers
Mainframe: Very powerful,
expensive computer that supports
thousands of computers
Supercomputer: The fastest,
most powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations
p. 23 Figs. 1-23–1-25

45. Embedded Computers
An embedded computer is…
 A special-purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product
p. 24 Fig. 1-26

46. Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?
 Hardware
 Software
 Data
 People
 Procedures
p. 25 Fig. 1-27

47. Examples of Computer Usage
Software that is useful for a home user includes…
p. 26-27 Fig. 1-28

48. Examples of Computer Usage
Software that is available for a small
office/home office (SOHO) user includes…
 Productivity
software
 Specialty
software
 Web usage
 E-mail
p. 28 Fig. 1-30

49. Examples of Computer Usage
Mobile user require…
 Hardware
 Notebook computers
 PDAs
 Smart phones
 Software
 Word processing
 Spreadsheet
 Presentation graphics
software
p. 29 Fig. 1-31

50. Examples of Computer Usage
Power user need…
 Speed and large amounts of storage
 Types of power users
 Engineers
 Scientists
 Architects
 Desktop publishers
 Graphic artists
p. 29 Fig. 1-32

51. Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of the large business user?
p. 30 Figs. 1-33–1-34

52. Computer Applications in Society
Some examples of
computer applications
in society include:
 Education
 Finance
 Government
 Healthcare
 Science
 Publishing
 Travel
 Industry
p. 32-36 Figs. 1-36–1-43

53. Summary of Introduction to Computers
The importance of computer literacy
System software and
application software
The term, computer
Categories of computers
The components of a computer
Elements of an information system
The advantages and disadvantages
of using computers
Types of computer users
The purpose of a network
Computer applications in society
The uses of the Internet
and World Wide Web
Chapter 1 Complete