Presentation explaining Deductive logic

1. Deductive Logic www.wordpandit.com

2. Deductive Logic Enter the world Of Verbal Logic! www.wordpandit.com

3. What is Deductive Logic? www.wordpandit.com

4. What is Deductive Logic? A simple combination of two words www.wordpandit.com

5. What is Deductive Logic? A simple combination of two words Deductive + Logic Deductive Logic www.wordpandit.com

6. What is Deductive Logic? A simple combination of two words Deductive + Logic Deductive Logic Adjective form for deduce, meaning ‘to arrive at a fact/result’ In layman terms, the funda/ reasoning behind a concept www.wordpandit.com

7. Thus, Deductive Logic is nothing else but a method of arriving at a conclusion! www.wordpandit.com

8. Terms in Deductive Logic www.wordpandit.com

9. Terms in Deductive Logic All men are dogs. A fact/premise Provided to us All dogs are naughty www.wordpandit.com

10. Terms in Deductive Logic All men are dogs. A fact/premise Provided to us The conclusion We arrive at! All dogs are naughty Thus, all men are naughty. www.wordpandit.com

11. Guru Mantras for Deductive Logic www.wordpandit.com

12. Guru Mantras for Deductive Logic In logic, we assume FACTS Given to us as True! www.wordpandit.com

13. Guru Mantras for Deductive Logic In logic, we assume FACTS Given to us as True! The result obtained Should be true and…. www.wordpandit.com

14. Guru Mantras for Deductive Logic In logic, we assume FACTS Given to us as True! The result obtained Should be true and…. And should be Always true, That is consistent! www.wordpandit.com

15. Syllogisms -part 1 Observing how words Such as some, all and no Function in a statement www.wordpandit.com

16. Forms Of Premise CASE 1: All A are B www.wordpandit.com

17. Forms Of Premise CASE 1: All A are B A Cakewalk All A are B Each of A’s has to be B www.wordpandit.com

18. Forms Of Premise CASE 1: All A are B A Cakewalk All A are B Each of A’s has to be B Set representation of All A are B B A=B A www.wordpandit.com

19. Forms Of Premise CASE 2: No A is B www.wordpandit.com

20. Forms Of Premise CASE 2: No A is B Another Cakewalk NO A is B Not even a single can be B www.wordpandit.com

21. Forms Of Premise CASE 2: No A is B Another Cakewalk NO A is B Not even a single can be B Set representation of No A is B A B www.wordpandit.com

22. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B www.wordpandit.com

23. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B ‘Some’ would mean what? Atleast 1 A is not B? Few A are B? At least 1 A is B? www.wordpandit.com

24. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B ‘Some’ would mean what? Atleast 1 A is not B? Few A are B? At least 1 A is B? Means the same as Some A are B This would actually mean ‘Some A are NOT B’ If this is not true, then No A is B www.wordpandit.com

25. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B: Venn diagram approach Set representation of Some A are B Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com

26. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B: Venn diagram approach Set representation of Some A are B Set A Set B But is this ALL we can do with Some A are B??? www.wordpandit.com

27. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B can be represented in the following ways: Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com

28. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B can be represented in the following ways: Set A=Set B Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com

29. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B can be represented in the following ways: Set A=Set B Set A Set B Set B Set A www.wordpandit.com

30. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B can be represented in the following ways: Set A=Set B Set A Set B Set A Set B Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com

31. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B www.wordpandit.com

32. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B If ‘Some A are B’= ‘Atleast 1A is B’ then ‘Some A are not B’ simply equals to? www.wordpandit.com

33. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B If ‘Some A are B’= ‘Atleast 1A is B’ then ‘Some A are not B’ simply equals to? ‘Atleast 1A is not B’ www.wordpandit.com

34. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B Some A are not B can be represented in the following ways: Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com

35. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B Some A are not B can be represented in the following ways: Set A Set B Set B Set A www.wordpandit.com

36. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B Some A are not B can be represented in the following ways: Set A Set B Set B Set A Set B Set A www.wordpandit.com

37. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B Some A are not B can be represented in the following ways: Set A=Set B Set A Set B Set B Set A Set B Set A www.wordpandit.com

38. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B Some A are not B can be represented in the following ways: Set A=Set B Set A Set B Set B Set A Set A Set B Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com

39. Logical Consistency -part 2 Introducing logic into Statements with the Help of conditionals such As if, only and either/or! www.wordpandit.com

40. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: www.wordpandit.com

41. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: www.wordpandit.com

42. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: 1. Sachin scores a 100. www.wordpandit.com

43. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. www.wordpandit.com

44. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match www.wordpandit.com

45. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 2. India wins the match www.wordpandit.com

46. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 2. India wins the match 3. Sachin does not score a 100. www.wordpandit.com

47. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 2. India wins the match India may or may not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. www.wordpandit.com

48. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 2. India wins the match India may or may not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. www.wordpandit.com

49. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 2. India wins the match India may or may not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. Sachin did not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. The ‘If condition’ ,in other words, is a sufficient condition for the effect to happen. www.wordpandit.com

50. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: www.wordpandit.com

51. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: www.wordpandit.com

52. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: 1. Sachin scores a 100. www.wordpandit.com

53. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. www.wordpandit.com

54. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match www.wordpandit.com

55. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match www.wordpandit.com

56. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match 3. Sachin does not score a 100. www.wordpandit.com

57. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match India did not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. www.wordpandit.com

58. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match India did not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. www.wordpandit.com

59. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match India did not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. The ‘Only If condition’ ,in other words, is a necessary condition for the effect to happen. www.wordpandit.com

60. Case 3: If & Only If, When & Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘if & only if’? Have a look: www.wordpandit.com

61. Case 3: If & Only If, When & Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘if & only if’? Have a look: India wins if & only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: 1. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match 3. Sachin does not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. www.wordpandit.com

62. Case 3: If & Only If, When & Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘if & only if’? Have a look: India wins if & only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match India did not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. Sachin did not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. The ‘If & Only If condition’ ,in other words, is a mixture of the first two cases. www.wordpandit.com

63. Case 4: Either A or B What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’? Have a look: www.wordpandit.com

64. Case 4: Either A or B What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’? Have a look: Either I am in eating food or watching TV. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: www.wordpandit.com

65. Case 4: Either A or B What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’? Have a look: Either I am in eating food or watching TV. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: I am watching TV. 1. I am not eating food. I am eating food. 2. I am not watching TV. www.wordpandit.com

66. Case 4: Either A or B What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’? Have a look: Either I am in eating food or watching TV. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: I am watching TV. 1. I am not eating food. I am eating food. 2. I am not watching TV. I may or may not be eating food. 3. I am watching TV. I may or may not be watching TV. 4. I am eating food. This is a tricky one. Read the notes carefully. www.wordpandit.com

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