Tugas Pembelajaran B. Ing Berbasis Komp #softskill (Ibu Defie)

1. Tugas Pembelajar B. Ing Berbantuan Komp #Softskill
Name: Widiya Hardiyanti | Class: 4SA02 | NPM:
18610489 | ENGLISH LITERATURE

2. DIRECT & INDIRECT REPORTED
SPEECH
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech

3. The definition of:
There are two ways of relating what a person has said: direct and indirect.
Direct speech
• In direct speech we repeat the
original speaker's exact words: He
said, 'I have lost my umbrella.'
• Remarks thus repeated are
placed between inverted
commas, and a comma or colon is
placed immediately before the
remark.
• Direct speech is found in
conversations in books, in
plays, and quotations.
Indirect speech
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•
•
In indirect speech we give the exact
meaning of a remark or speech,
without necessarily using the
speaker's exact words:
He said that he had lost his umbrella.
Indirect speech is normally used in
conversation, though direct speech is
sometimes employed here to give a
more dramatic effect. When we turn
direct speech into indirect, some
changes are usually necessary. These
are most easily studied by
considering statements, questions,
and commands separately.

4. You can answer the question "What did he/she say?" in two ways:
by repeating the words spoken (direct speech)
by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech).
• Direct Speech
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use
direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between inverted
commas ("....") and there is no change in these words. We may be
reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone
conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.
• Reported Speech
Reported speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally
change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say',
'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported
words. Inverted commas are not used.

5. The examples of two ways to report
what someone says or thinks.
1. Direct speech shows a person’s exact
words. Quotation marks (“. . .”) are a
sign that the words are the same
words that a person used. For
example:
Maria: Where are you going?
John: I’m going home.
• Direct speech:
Maria asked, “Where are you going?”
John replied, “I am going home.”
2. Reported speech puts the speaker’s
words or ideas into a sentence
without quotation marks. Noun
clauses are usually used. For
example:
Maria: Where are you going?
John: I’m going home.
• Reported speech:
Maria asked John where he was
going.
John said that he was going home.
[Note]: That is optional in reported
speech. Both of the following
sentences are correct.
> The boy said that he was lost.
> The boy said he was lost.

6. Another Example of Direct Speech
& Reported Speech
1. Direct Speech
•
She says "What time will you be home?"
She said "What time will you be home?" and I said "I
don't know! "
•
"There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
John said, "There's an elephant outside the
window."
2. Reported Speech
• She said, "I saw him." She said that she had
seen him.
• 'That' may be omitted:
She told him that she was happy.
She told him she was happy.
• 'Say' and 'tell':
Use 'say' when there is no indirect object:
He said that he was tired.
• Always use 'tell' when you say who was
being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):
He told me that he was tired.
• 'Talk' and 'speak' are used:
- to describe the action of communicating:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.
• - with 'about' to refer to what was said:
He talked (to us) about his parents.

7. Things that have to know:
•
•
•
•
•
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Many changes must be made to a sentence when
you use reported speech. These will be explained
in this handout.
o Verb tenses
o Questions and word order
o Pronoun changes
o Place and time word changes
o Infinitives
o Verb forms with suggest and recommend

8. VERB TENSE IN REPORTED SPEECH
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•
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•
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When you report what someone said in the
past, you usually shift back a verb tense from
the tense the speaker used:
simple present  simple past
past  past perfect
present perfect  past perfect
will would
can  could

9. The difference between Quotation &
Reported Speech
Quotation
• “I am hungry.”
• “I saw them leave.”
• “Where have they gone?”
• “Will you help me?”
• “I can’t remember you
name.”
Reported Speech
• She stated that she was
hungry.
• Pat said he had seen them
leave.
• James wondered where
they had gone.
• I asked John if he would
help me.
• Lisa said she couldn’t
remember my name.

10. Note: If the information in the reported speech is still
true, you may use the same tense.
• Quotation
“The exam will be next week.”
“I want to see that movie.”
• Reported speech
Dr. Jones said the exam will be next week.
Kim said that she wants to see that movie.