1. River Health and Environmental Flows in
China – Project Overview
中国河流健康与生态用水项目概况
Robert Speed, Team Leader
罗伯特·斯皮德 项目主管
November 2010

2. Overview 概述
1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project
河流健康及生态用水项目简介
2. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work
妫河试点工作简介
4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work
黄河试点工作简介

3. Overview 概述
1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project
河流健康及生态用水项目简介
2. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work
妫河试点工作简介
4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work
黄河试点工作简介

4. Project objective 项目目标
• Trial international approaches to river health
assessment and environmental flows
assessment
采用国际通用的评估方法评估河流健康与生态用水
• Consider application to national-level policies
将改革方法在全国范围内推广

5. Liao River
Basin辽河盆地
- River health
河流健康
Yellow River
Basin黄河盆地
-E-flows 生态用水
-River health河
流健康
Pearl River Basin
珠江盆地
- River health
assessment河流健康评
估

6. Project timeline项目时间安排
Agreement Fieldwork
on scope and and data
objectives collection Presentation Final workshop
确定项目目标 田野工作和数 of pilot results and final report
及范围 据收集
Further
Capacity Data analysis Distil lessons work???后
building能 数据分析 总结经验教训 续工作
Inception 力建设 Project wrap
phase项目启 Pilot study phase 项目试点阶段 up项目收尾
动阶段 阶段
August December December July
2009 2009 2010 2011
2009年八月 2009年十二月 2010年12月 2011年七月

7. Overview 概述
1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project
河流健康及生态用水项目简介
2. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work
妫河试点工作简介
4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work
黄河试点工作简介

8. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
Underlying philosophy 基本原理
1. River health is important 河流健康很重要
2. River health is much more than the quality of the water河
流健康不仅仅包括水质达标
3. Biological indicators can be more sensitive to changes in
river condition生物指标更易于反映河流健康状况
4. Biological monitoring programs can provide valuable
support to management生物监测可以为流域管理者提供
有价值的帮助
5. Monitoring should focus on assets of importance监测范
围应该集中在重要的河流资产

9. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
Objective 目标
• Ability to compare sites against each over 不同评估地
点之间存在可比性
• Understand likely cause of changes in river health 理解
影响河流健康的因素
• Assess effectiveness of management responses评估管
理效率
• Report on river health提供河流健康报告

10. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
Key issues 主要问题
• What to measure? 需要评估的内容
– Many indicators available: which are relevant? 有许
多不同的指标可供评估，应当选取哪种？
• What do the results mean? 评估结果的意义
– What is a good score, what is a bad score? 何为优良
的评估结果？何为不达标的评估结果？
• How to use the results? 如何应用评估结果

11. Building a river health monitoring program
构建河流健康评估项目
Proof of Pilot Routine
concept概 studies试 monitoring
念论证 点研究 例行监测

12. Overview 概述
1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project
河流健康及生态用水项目简介
2. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work
妫河试点工作简介
4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work
黄河试点工作简介

13. Objectives of the pilot study 试点研究目标
• Demonstrate a method for developing a river
monitoring program
• 阐述开展河流健康监测项目的方法
• Undertake a preliminary assessment of the condition of
the pilot site 开展试点河流健康初步评估
• Only a demonstration: limits on the results
仅供演示：结果的局限性

14. Gui River – Pearl
River Basin
Preliminary steps
评估的准备工作
• Agree on approach to pilot
确定评估方法
• Agree on objectives –
sensitive indicators due to
high conservation value
确定评估目标
• Identify sites确定评估试点
• Determine data to be
collected确定采集数据类型

15. Fieldwork to collect samples
取样的田野工作
Macroinvert
Channel
ebrates大型
底栖无脊椎动物
condition
河道状况
Fish鱼
Macrophytes
大型植物
Diatom硅
藻

16. Phylum Arthropoda
Collation of data数据的校对
Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca
Class Crustacea Bivalvia Gastropoda Gastropoda Bivalvia Gastropoda Gastropoda Gastropoda
Decapoda Mytiloida
编号 Order
Atyidae Mytilidae Viviparidae Lymnaeidae Corbiculidae Lymnaeidae Valvatidae Melaniidae
编号 Family
Caridina Limnoperna Bellamya Radix corbicula physa Valvata Semisulcospira
编号 Genera
lacustris aeruginosa Radixswinboei fluminea
编号 Species
米虾属 淡水壳菜 铜锈 椭圆 河蚬 膀胱螺 盘螺 短沟卷
编号 Species name_Chinese
平度村 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
No.1
No.2 龙江 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
富罗 71 1 1 27 7 1 4 38
No.3
黄姚 110 0 4 0 12 0 0 0
No.4
下福水电站 0 0 0 4 1 0 6 11
No.5
siqinjiang2 7 23 0 0 43 0 6 57
No.6
红花镇siqinjiang1 0 0 0 3 5 32 0 0
No.7
昭平水电站 2 216 1 1 0 0 0 2
No.8
恭城水文站 0 0 5 25 0 0 0 31
No.9
龙岭 10 0 3 6 4 0 52 28
No.10
荔浦水文站 138 0 0 0 0 11 0 0
No.11
念村 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No.12
阳朔水文站 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
No.13
No.14 遇龙河 32 0 1 0 0 0 0 17
冠岩 10 0 1 1 11 1 4 7
No.15
潮田河 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
No.16
新寨 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No.17
桂林水文站 47 0 3 8 1 3 0 0
No.18
兰田 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No.19
东江 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
No.20
灵渠 37 0 9 8 6 2 7 1
No.21
大榕江 10 0 6 9 1 0 0 0
No.22
杉木河（猫儿山） 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No.23
六洞河 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8
No.24
乌龟江 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No.25

17. Testing indicators against a disturbance
gradient 测试指标与干扰梯度
Ecological health indicator
生态健康指标
Reference values 参考值
Low低 High高
Disturbance gradient 干扰梯度

18. Classification 河流分类
Different types of river
will:
不同的河流：
Require different
indicators
要求不同的指标
Have different
targets
目标也不同
Presentation Heading

19. Weighting indicator scores指标分数加权
Freq.
All sites – all years，所有点，所有年
(# obs.)，监测频率
Standard to achieve values
Reference sites Single site， 达到规定值的标准
– all years，参考点，所有年 – report year，单
50th 个点，报告当年
%’ile 95th %’ile
80th %’ile
1 0
Concentration，浓度
(reference)，参考点 (worst case)，最差
Convert all values to common scale to allow comparison把所有数值转
化为通用量表使其具有可比性
Compare values against:结果比较
- other sites in study; other studies 与其他点进行比较，与其他研究结
果进行比较
- national standards; international standards国家标准，国际标准

20. Reporting on river health

21. Overview 概述
1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project
河流健康及生态用水项目简介
2. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work
妫河试点工作简介
4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work
黄河试点工作简介

22. Yellow River Pilot黄河试点工作
• River health assessment 河流健康评估
• Environmental flows assessment 生态用水评估

23. Reaches and Assets River channel 4
河道
河段及资产
3
Delta
2 wetlands
三角洲湿地
Dongping
Lake
1 东平湖
Zhengzhou
Mengjin Kaifeng
wetlands
wetlands wetlands
郑州湿地
孟津湿地 开封湿地

24. Start with objectives (from YRCC)
制定目标（根据黄河水利委员会）
• 1 × Ultimate target最终目标
– ―Keeping the Yellow River Healthy‖保持黄河健康
• 4 × Criteria (―the 4-nos‖)标准（四不准）
– No embankment breaching不准有河堤决口
– No river running dry不准河流枯竭
– No water pollution beyond standard水污染物不得超标
– No riverbed rising further河床不得继续上升

25. Establish a framework (from YRCC)
建立框架（根据黄河水利委员会）
Indicator groups
―Healthy Indicators of the Yellow River‖ 指标类别
黄河健康指标
• Flow continuity水流连续性 Hydrology水文类
• Channel configuration for water and
sediment transportation河水及沉积物 Geomorphology
流经的河床外貌 地形类
• Water quality standard河水水质标准 Water quality水质
• River ecosystem河水生态系统 Ecology生态类
• Water supply capacity河水供应能力 Social-economic
社会经济类

26. River Health Index河流健康指数
Social/Economic Environmental
社会方面或经济方面 环境方面
Indicators…指标 Ecology生态 Physical form外形 Hydrology水文 Water quality水质
Wetland
vegetation湿地植物
Fish鱼 (remote sensing)（遥感获得）
Invertebrates无脊椎动物
Primary
productivity基本生产力 Survey and
Vegetation植物
modelling
Hydraulic
调查与模拟
habitat水力栖息环境
Presentation Heading
Presentation Heading

27. Sediment flushing flow冲刷沉积物的水流量
(flow exceeded 5% of the time)（水流量以5%的速度递增 ）
Jun - Jul - Aug - Sep Target 3,500 m3/s
4,000
目标为3,500立方米每秒
sediment regulation season daily
Exceeded 5% of time - water-
3,000
First releases第一次放水
discharge (m 3/s)
Huayuankou
2,000
Sunkou
Huayuankou
1,000
Lijin
0
Xiaolangdi Dam小浪底水坝

28. No drying-up河床不得枯竭
Cumulative annual days of cease to f low
Lijin
Annual peak cease to f low spell duration
350
Days of cease to flow
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Xiaolangdi Dam
小浪底水坝

29. Trend in water quality (Grade III target)
水质趋势（三级目标）
Annual - Proportion of High flow - Proportion of Low flow - Proportion of
months target achieved months target achieved months target achieved
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
1994 1994 1994
1995 1995 1995
1996 1996 1996
1997 1997 1997
1998 1998 1998
1999 1999 1999
2000 2000 2000
2001 2001 2001
2002 2002 2002
2003 2003 2003
2004 2004 2004
2005 2005 2005
2006 2006 2006
2007 2007 2007
2008 2008 2008
2009 2009 2009
Huayuankou花园口

30. Channel capacity河道容量
9,000
8,000
Target
7,000 Huayuankou bankf ull
capacity (measured)
Discharge (m 3/s)
6,000
Lijin bankf ull capacity
5,000
(Ru et al., 2003)
4,000
Huayuankou f lood
3,000 season average
discharge
2,000
5-year moving
1,000 average
0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

31. Delta growth三角洲的增长
Lijin
Discharge Sediment load Delta equilibrium sediment load (Wang K et al., 2007)
100 25
Change in area of delta (Chu et al., 2006)
Annual sediment load (108 tonnes)
90
rapid accretion - slow
Annual discharge (109 m 3)
80 accretion erosion erosion 20
70
60 15
50
40 10
30
20 5
10
0 0

32. 2001 2009
NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER
Science Team美国国家航空和宇宙航行局/美国戈大太空飞行中心/
日本地球遥感数据分析中心/JAROS以及日美ASTER技术合作小组

33. Additional indicators其他指标
• Socio-economic社会经济类
• Biological生物类
Presentation Heading

34. River Health Index河流健康指数
Social/Economic Environmental
社会方面或经济方面 环境方面
Indicators…指标 Ecology生态 Physical form外形 Hydrology水文 Water quality水质
Wetland
vegetation湿地植物
Fish鱼 (remote sensing)（遥感获得）
Invertebrates无脊椎动物
Primary
productivity基本生产力 Survey and
Vegetation植物
modelling
Hydraulic
调查与模拟
habitat水力栖息环境
Presentation Heading
Presentation Heading

35. Environmental flow requirements
生态用水要求
• Consolidation of existing studies, together with expert opinion
进一步验证现有研究并参考专家观点
• Identify flow requirements for the key assets (wetlands, delta),
focussed on:确定重要资产（湿地，三角洲）对水流的要求，关注：
– Fish 鱼
– Vegetation 植物
– Birds鸟
• Hydrological model to assess capacity to achieve recommended
flows用于评估达到推荐水流的水文模型
Presentation Heading

36. Next steps接下来
• Final reports and report cards for pilot sites – February 2011
试点的最终报告及报告卡——2011年2月
• Final project workshop in Beijing – April/May 2011
在北京举行项目的结题报告会——2011年4月或5月

37. Conclusions 总结(1)
• Many different policy decisions relating to:许多不同政策制定均与以
下各因素相关：
– What is an acceptable level of health 河流健康的可接受底线
– How information should be presented 信息的表现方式
– Suitability of different methods and indicators 各种不同方法及
评估指标的适用性
• Suitability will depend on: 这些适用性主要由以下各因素决定：
– Objectives 目标
– Resources 资源
– Capacity 能力

38. Conclusions 总结(2)
• Importance of making informed decisions知情决策的重要性
– Awareness of what is important in the river找出哪些对于河流是
至关重要的
– Understanding the flow requirements of the ecosystem
掌握生态系统对水流的要求
– Understanding the health of our river system认识河流系统的健
康
– Conscious decisions about what is acceptable and what is not;
and what we will do about it
确定哪些是可以接受的，哪些不可以接受，以及为此该如何做

39. Thank you all!
谢谢大家！