Contextualization and Observation of Kwanzaa by African Views

Compared to other well-established end-of-year celebrations, Kwanzaa is
relatively young. However, we have decided and we are determined to
embrace this bold idea because we understand that the fundamental
Principles of Kwanzaa have their roots in authentic African philosophy, such
as Ubuntu. UBUNTU means the essence of being human. Being human is the
ultimate African virtue, and one could agree that it is also the noblest of
deeds. Ubuntu expressed itself as: unequivocal respect for nature with
priority to human life, and most importantly respect for oneself and one’s
role and responsibility in the universal ecosystem.
WE INVITE YOU TO CELEBRATE KWANZAA WITH US.

KWANZAA IS THE INITIATIVE OF
DR. MAULANA NDABEZITHA KARENGA
Professor Karenga created Kwanzaa and wrote its doctrine, which he called Kawaida, meaning
“tradition and reason.” Kawaida is a Swahili term for tradition and reason. Kwanzaa is observed parallel
to Christmas and Hanukah, celebrating African heritage, unity, and culture from December 26-January
1st. The seven days of Kwanzaa are dedicated to the following principles and in the order:
• 12/26: Umoja (Unity): To strive for and to maintain unity in the family, community, nation, and race.
• 12/27: Kujichagulia (Self-Determination): To define ourselves, name ourselves, create for ourselves,
and speak for ourselves.
• 12/28: Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility): To build and maintain our community together
and make our brothers' and sisters' problems our problems, and to solve them together.
• 12/29: Ujamaa (Cooperative Economics): To build and maintain our own stores, shops, and other
businesses and to profit from them together.
• 12/30: Nia (Purpose): To make our collective vocation the building and developing of our
community in order to restore our people to their traditional greatness.
• 12/31: Kuumba (Creativity): To do always as much as we can, in the way we can, in order to leave
our community more beautiful and beneficial than we inherited it.
• 01/01: Imani (Faith): To believe with all our hearts in our people, our parents, our teachers, our
leaders, and the righteousness and victory of our struggle.
Kwanzaa symbols include a decorative mat (Mkeka) on which other symbols are placed: corn
(Mahindi) and other crops, a candle holder kinara with seven candles (Mishumaa Saba), a communal
cup for pouring libation (Kikombe cha Umoja), gifts (Zawadi), a poster of the seven principles, and a
black, red, and green flag. The symbols were designed to convey the seven principle.
Maulana Ndabezitha Karenga
Born: July 14, 1941 Parsonsburg,
Maryland, MD, is an African-
American professor of Africana
Studies, activist and author,
creator of the Kwanzaa.

We pray to God almighty. We honor our ancestors by invoking
their names in prayer. Praying through one’s ancestors is a
common practice in cultures all around the world.
All traditions are forms of ancestral communication. Ancestors
are the foundation of who we are. By honoring them, we in turn
honor and celebrate our own lives. So, when we give service to
them, it is with the upmost sincerity and respect.
Our successes in life are a direct reflection of who they are and
once were. Through our prayers and consistent service to them,
they are elevated spiritually, thus bringing them closer to the
Source from which all things manifest and therefore
establishing a higher place in the afterlife. Take diligent care of
them, and they will take diligent care of you.
TRADITIONS OF ANCESTRAL COMMUNICATION

DEC
26
DEC
27
DEC
28
DEC
29
DEC
30
DEC
31
JAN
1
DEC
26
SPIRITUAL HERITAGE
MAY THE SPIRIT OF THE ANCESTORS BE WITH US.
MAY THE WORLD BE AT PEACE WITH US.
MAY LOVE, JOY, AND HAPPINESS HAVE A
PERMANENT AND SAFE HOME IN OUR HEART.
MAY GOD HEAR OUR PRAYERS FOR EACH OF THE DAY.

The Role of African Philosophers and their Doctrines in Sustainable Development
Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr.
Born: 17 August 1887, Jamaica
Died: 10 June 1940 London, England
TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION

The Truth and Reconciliation ceremony was created to
establishing the truth, secure remorse, and forge
reconciliation and forgiveness as basis for a divine peace
and security in our society. It was an original idea of
President Nelson Mandela.

JuliusW. Garvey, M.D., FACS, FRCS
FORGIVENESS. HEALING. SYNERGY
Arthur Edward McFarlane II
Julius W. Garvey, M.D., FACS, FRCS, Son Marcus Mosiah Garvey, of is a
board certified Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeon who practices in
New York. He lectures on the life and legacy of his father, The
Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey. On July 18, 2017 Dr. Julius Garvey
made history by participating in Truth and Reconciliation Ceremony,
putting an end to the century old ideological conflict between his
father and Dr. W.E.B. DuBois.
Arthur Edward McFarlane II is the grandson of W. E. B. DuBois. He is a
Population Health Analyst and works for the Children’s Hospital in
Colorado. He lectures on the life and legacy of his grandfather. On July 18,
2017 Mr. Arthur McFarlane made history by participating in Truth and
Reconciliation Ceremony, putting an end to a century old ideological
conflict between his grand father and Marcus Mosiah Garvey.

President Nelson Mandela role
play by: Honorable Joseph
Makhandal Champagne Jr
Attorney at law, president of the
Haitian Lawyers Association,
Former Mayor of the Borough of
South Toms River, New Jersey.
Joseph Makhandal Champagne Jr
Marcus Mosiah Garvey role play
by: Dr. Charles Cornell Jarvis,
President, All Saints Village
Funds in Antigua and
Barbuda.
Dr. W.E.B. DuBois role play
Performed by: Mr. Wale Idris
Ajibade, Executive Director of
African Views Organization
Dr. Charles Cornell JarvisWale Idris Ajibade

African Burial Ground National Monument

The Honorable Elijah Mohammed Speaks
COMMUNICATE. INFORM. TOLERATE
With Dr. Martin Luther King With Mohammed Ali With Malcolm X
“Don't condemn if you see a person has a dirty glass of water, [.....] just
show them the clean glass of water that you have. When they inspect it,
you won't have to say that yours is better.” ― Elijah Muhammad

Samuel Ládòkè Akíntọ́lá or "S.L.A." was a Nigerian
politician, lawyer, aristocrat and orator who was born
in Ogbomosho, of the then Western Region. Born: July
6, 1910, Ogbomosho, Nigeria. Assassinated: January 15,
1966, Ibadan, Nigeria. “A ti ki òjé bo oloosa lowo, o ku
baba eni ti o bo. Who is going to remove the charmed
bracelet from the wrist of a chief priest? “
Sir Adetokunbo Adegboyega Ademola, KBE,
GCON, PC, SAN was a Nigerian jurist who was the
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria from
1958 to 1972. He was appointed as Chief Justice on
April 1, 1958, replacing Sir Stafford Foster Sutton
who was retiring. Ademola was a son of Oba
Ladapo Ademola II, the Alake of the Egba clan of
Nigeria. He was the first chancellor of the
University of Benin. Born: February 1, 1906,
Abeokuta, Nigeria- Died: January 29, 1993, Lagos,
Nigeria
Chief Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi Awolowo,
GCFR, was a Nigerian nationalist and statesman
who played a key role in Nigeria's independence
movement, the First and Second Republics and
the Civil War. Born: March 6, 1909, Ikenne,
Nigeria - Died: May 9, 1987, Ikenne, Nigeria.
Books: Adventures in Power: The travails of
democracy and the rule of law
Sir Titus Martins Adesoji Tadeniawo Aderemi
I, alias Adesoji Aderemi, KCMG, was a
Nigerian political figure and Yoruba
traditional ruler as the Ooni of Ife from 1930
until 1980. Born: November 15, 1889, Ife,
Nigeria. Died: July 3, 1980
Succeeded by: Olubuse II
“The avoidable personal conflict between Awolowo and Akintola derailed
the prospect of successful democratic rule in Nigeria, and emboldened
military intervention all over Africa.” Ref: 1 2 3 4

Olúṣẹ́gun Mathew Okikiola Aremu Ọbásanjọ́, GCFR is a former Nigerian
Army general who was President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007. Obasanjo
was a career soldier before serving twice as his nation's head of state. He
served as a military ruler from 13 February 1976 to 1 October 1979, and as a
democratically elected president from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007. He is
the longest term serving Nigerian president 1ith a rounded up 12 years
tenure. Though a futile effort was made to extend his tenure. Obasanjo
also served as Chairperson of the African Union from July 2004 to January
2006 and continues to be a respected statesman around the world. To his
credit, he voluntarily appeared at truth and reconciliation tribunal against
himself under the allegation his role in destruction of lives and proprieties
of Kalakuta Republic or the home of Nigerian musician and political
activist Fela Kuti in 1977.
Chief Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola, CFR was a Nigerian Yoruba
businessman, publisher, politician and aristocrat of the Yoruba Egba clan.
MKO Abiola ran for the presidency in 1993, for which the election results were
annulled by the preceding military president Ibrahim Babangida because of
allegations that they were corrupt and unfair. Born: August 24, 1937,
Abeokuta, Nigeria - Died: July 7, 1998, Abuja, Nigeria. Abiola died in suspicious
circumstances shortly after the death of General Abacha, on the day that he
was due to be released, 7 July 1998. While the official autopsy stated that
Abiola died of natural causes, Abacha's Chief Security Officer, al-Mustapha has
alleged that Moshood Abiola was in fact beaten to death. Al-Mustapha, who
was detained by the Nigerian government, but later released, claims to have
video and audiotapes showing how Abiola was beaten to death. As a
businessman, Chief Abiola received several prestigious awards, but was
taunted by Fela Kuti’s song discrediting his successes as fraudulent.

By three things is the world sustained: law, truth
and peace. As is stated: "Truth, and a judgment of
peace, you should administer at your [city] gates.‘’
Justice, Truth and Peace: Ethics of Our Fathers: Avot
1:18
“There really can be no peace without justice. There
can be no justice without truth. And there can be no
truth, unless someone rises up to tell you the truth.”
Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan
TRUTH. JUSTICE. PEACE.

Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr.
Born: 17 August 1887, Jamaica
Died: 10 June 1940 London, England
Gilbert Edward "Gil" Noble was an Jamaican
American television producer and host of New
York City television station WABC-TV's weekly
show Like It Is. He focused primarily on issues
concerning African Americans and those
within the African diaspora. Born: February 22,
1932, Harlem, New York City, NY. Died: April 5,
2012, Wayne, NJ
TRUTH, JUSTICE, AND PEACE!
(FOR THE TRUTH)
"GIL" NOBLE

(FOR JUSTICE!)
HONORABLE MINISTER
LOUIS FARRAKHAN
Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan is an American
religious leader, African-American activist, and social
commentator. Born: May 11, 1933, The Bronx, NY
“There really can be no peace without justice. There
can be no justice without truth. And there can be no
truth, unless someone rises up to tell you the truth.”

Daniel Lebern Glover (born July 22, 1946) is
an American actor, film director, and
political activist. He has appeared in many
other movies, television shows, and
theatrical productions, and is an active
supporter of various humanitarian and
political causes. Glover was bestowed the
chieftaincy title Enyioma of Nkwerre, which
means A Good Friend in the language of
the Igbo people of Eastern Nigeria.
(FOR PEACE)
DANIEL LEBERN GLOVER

Discipline of the mind is a basic ingredient of genuine
morality and therefore of spiritual strength. Spiritual
power is the eternal guide, in this life and the life
after, for man ranks supreme among all creatures.
Led forward by spiritual power, man can reach the
summit destined for him by the Great Creator.
– Emperor Haile Selassie I
REMORSE. MERCY. HEALING.

The Role of African Philosophers and their Doctrines in Sustainable Development
EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE I
TAFARI MAKONNEN WOLDEMIKAEL
“Until the philosophy which holds one race superior and another inferior
is finally and permanently discredited and abandoned, everywhere is war.
And until there are no longer first-class and second-class citizens of any
nation, until the color of a man's skin is of no more significance than the
color of his eyes. And until the basic human rights are equally guaranteed
to all without regard to race, there is war. And until that day, the dream of
lasting peace, world citizenship, rule of international morality, will remain
but a fleeting illusion to be pursued, but never attained....”
Haile Selassie I, born Tafari Makonnen Woldemikael, was Ethiopia's regent
from 1916 to 1930 and emperor from 1930 to 1974. Born: July 23, 1892,
Ejersa Goro, Ethiopia - Died: August 27, 1975, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

RUSSELL MEANS
Russell Charles Means was an Oglala Lakota
actor, writer, musician, and a libertarian
political activist who advocated for the
rights of American Indian people. He became
a prominent member of the American Indian
Movement (AIM) after joining the
organization in 1968, and helped organize
notable events that attracted national and
international media coverage. Means was
active in international issues of indigenous
peoples, including working with groups in
Central and South America, and with the
United Nations for recognition of their
rights. He was active in politics at his native
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and at the
state and national level.

TRIBUTE TO THE MARTYRS
African and Indigenous Philosophy and Doctrines

We remember the highly intelligent, revolutionary, fearless political
leaders and Human Freedom activists who were assassinated or
derailed. People like Thomas Joseph Adhiambo Mboya, Amilcar Lopes
da Costa Cabral, Patrice Lumumba, Thomas Isidore Sankara, Stephen
Bantu, Anwar Sadat, Yitzhak Rabin, Tafawa Balewa, Walter Rodney,
John Lennon, JFK, Abe Lincoln and so many more around the world.
Assassinations carried out in Africa can be found here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_assassinated_in_Africa
TRIBUTE TO THE MARTYRS

Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, KBE was a
Nigerian politician, and the first prime
minister of an independent Nigeria. Born:
October 1, 1912, Bauchi, Nigeria. Assassinated:
January 15, 1966, Lagos, Nigeria
Sir Ahmadu Bello KBE was a Nigerian politician
who was the first and only premier of the
Northern Nigeria region. He also held the title of
Sardauna of Sokoto. Born: June 12, 1910, Sokoto
State, Nigeria. Assassinated: January 15, 1966,
Kaduna, Nigeria
Malcolm X was an African-American Muslim
minister and human rights activist. To his
admirers he was a courageous advocate for
the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white
America in the harshest terms. Born: May 19,
1925, Omaha, NE. . Assassinated: February 21,
1965, Washington Heights, New York City, NY
Ahmadou Bamba, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba
Mbacké (1853–1927) Aamadu Bamba Mbàkke
in Wolof, Shaykh Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad
ibn Ḥabīb Allāh)also known as Khādimu 'l-
Rasūl (or "The Servant of the messenger", and
as Sëriñ Tuubaa or "Cheikh of Tuubaa" in
Wolof", was a Muslim Sufi religious leader in
Senegal and the founder of the large Mouride
Brotherhood(the Muridiyya).

Honoring one’s ancestors has been in practice for
centuries and consistently done by a multitude of
cultures all around the world. The holidays’
festivities are all creative designs to bestow honor
and love to our roots because the Ancestors are the
foundation of who we are. They are us, and once
upon a time, they, too, were alive. By honoring
them, we in turn honor and celebrate our own lives.
If it wasn't for your ancestors, we would not have a
place in this world. So, when we give service to
them, it is with the upmost respect.
FACE HISTORICAL, IMMEDIATE, AND
FUTURE CHALLENCES TOGETHER
WITH UNWAVERING OPTIMISM

ASPIRE TOWARD DEVELOPING EXEMPLARY
LEADERSHIP AND GOOD GOVERNANCE.
IT WILL PAY OFF EVENTUALLY.

Kofi Atta Annan is a Ghanaian
diplomat who served as the seventh
Secretary-General of the United
Nations from January 1997 to
December 2006. Annan and the UN
were the co-recipients of the 2001
Nobel Peace Prize. Born: April 8,
1938 (age 79), Kumasi, Ghana
Seretse Khama Ian Khama is
a Motswana politician who
has been the President of
Botswana since 2008. After
serving as Commander of the
Botswana Defense Force, he
entered politics and served as
Vice-President. Born:
February 27, 1953 (age 64),
Chertsey, United Kingdom
ThurgoodMarshall was an
Associate Justice of the United
States Supreme Court, serving
from October 1967 until
October 1991. Marshall was the
first African-American Chief
justice. Born: July 2, 1908,
Baltimore, MD - Died: January
24, 1993, Bethesda, MD
Ralph Johnson Bunche was an
American political scientist, academic,
and diplomat who received the 1950
Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s
mediation in Israel. He was the first
African American to be so honored in
the history of the prize. Wikipedia
Born: August 7, 1904, Detroit, MI
Died: December 9, 1971, New York City.
Quotes: To make our way, we must
have firm resolve, persistence, tenacity.
We must gear ourselves to work hard
all the way. We can never let up.
Barack Hussein Obama II Born: August 4, 1961, Honolulu, HI,
born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as
the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The
first African American to assume the presidency, he previously
was the junior United States Senator from Illinois from 2005 to
2008. He also served in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 until
2004.
GREATEST AFRICAN POLITICAL LEADERS

Anna Julia Haywood Cooper
(Raleigh, August 10, 1858 –
February 27, 1964) was an
American author, educator,
speaker and one of the most
prominent African-
American scholars in United
States history.
Toni Morrison is an American
novelist, editor, and professor.
Her novels are known for their
epic themes, vivid dialogue,
and richly detailed characters.
Among her best known novels
are The Bluest Eye, Sula, So…
More Wikipedia
Born: February 18, 1931 (age
84), Lorain, OH.
Fannie Lou Hamer (/ˈheɪmər/;
born Fannie Lou Townsend;
October 6, 1917 – March 14,
1977) was an American voting
rights activist, civil rights
leader, and philanthropist.She
was instrumental in organizing
Mississippi's Freedom Summer
for the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee
(SNCC), and later became the
vice-chair of the Mississippi
Freedom Democratic Party,
which she represented at the
1964 Democratic National
Convention in Atlantic City,
New Jersey.
Maya Angelou ((Marguerite Annie
Johnson) Born: April 4, 1928
Died: May 28, 2014
Wangari Muta Maathai
Born: 1 April 1940, Nyeri
District, Kenya
Died: 25 September 2011
Nairobi, Kenya
(aged 71)
Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, MON
Born: 25 October 1900 Abeokuta,
Nigeria
Died: 13 April 1978 Lagos, Nigeria
SOME OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT LEADERS

Cyril Lionel Robert (CLR) James,
Born: January 4, 1901, Tunapuna,
Trinidad and Tobago
Afro-Trinidadian historian,
journalist and socialist. His works
are influential in various theoretical,
social, and historiographical
contexts. Died: May 19, 1989,
London, United Kingdom.
Emphasizes social determinism and
its effect in History of Human
Necessity.
Frantz Fanon
Born: July 20, 1925, Fort-de-
France -Died: December 6,
1961, Bethesda, MD
Frantz Omar Fanon was an
Martinican psychiatrist,
philosopher, revolutionary,
and writer whose works are
influential in the fields of
post-colonial studies, critical
theory, and Marxism.
Cheikh Anta Diop (29
December 1923 – 7 February
1986) was a historian,
anthropologist, philosopher,
physicist, and politician who
studied the human race's
origins and pre-colonial
African culture. Cheikh Anta
Diop University, in Dakar,
Senegal, is named after him.
John Henrik Clarke, was an
American historian, professor,
and a pioneer in the creation of
Pan-African and Africana
studies, and professional
institutions in academia
starting in the late 1960s
Born: January 1, 1915, Union
Springs, AL
Died: July 16, 1998, Manhattan,
New York City, NY
Aimé Fernand David Césaire
was a Francophone and French
poet, author and politician
from Martinique. He was "one
of the founders of the
négritude movement in
Francophone literature". Born:
June 26, 1913, Basse-Pointe,
Martinique
Died: April 17, 2008, Fort-de-
France, Martinique
Ali Al'amin Mazrui, was an
academic professor, and political
writer on African and Islamic
studies and North-South
relations. He was born in
Mombasa, Kenya. Wikipedia
Born: February 24, 1933,
Mombasa, Kenya
Died: October 12, 2014, Vestal, NY
Awards: Orders, decorations, and
medals of Kenya, FP Top 100
Global Thinkers
SOME OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT LEADERS

Susanne Wenger, also known as
Adunni Olorisha, was an
Austrian artist who resided in
Nigeria. Her main focus was the
Yoruba culture and she was
successful in building an artist
cooperative in Osogbo. Born:
July 4, 1915, Graz, Austria - Died:
2009, Osogbo, Nigeria. She was
founder of the archaic-modern
art school "New Sacred Art" and
became the guardian of the
Sacred Grove of Osun goddess
on the banks of the Osun River
in Oshogbo.
Jane Elliott is an American former third-
grade schoolteacher, anti-racism activist,
and educator, as well as a feminist and an
LGBT activist. She is known for her "Blue
eyes–Brown eyes" exercise. She first
conducted her famous exercise for her class
the day after Martin Luther King, Jr. was
assassinated. When her local newspaper
published compositions that the children
had written about the experience, the
reactions (both positive and negative)
formed the basis for her career as a public
speaker against discrimination. Born May
27, 1933, Riceville, Iowa, U.S.
Muhammad Ali was an American
professional boxer and activist. He is
widely regarded as one of the most
significant and celebrated sports figures
of the 20th century. Born: January 17,
1942, Louisville, KY - Died: June 3, 2016,
Scottsdale, AZ
James William Loewen is an
American sociologist,
historian, and author, best
known for his 1995 book, Lies
My Teacher Told Me:
Everything Your American
History Textbook Got Wrong,
which was republished in
2008. Born: February 6,
1942 (age 75), Decatur, IL
Dame Jane Morris Goodall DBE, formerly
Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is a
British primatologist, ethologist,
anthropologist, and UN Messenger of
Peace. Born: April 3, 1934 (age 83), London,
United Kingdom
SOME OF THE MOST EXEMPLARY ANTI-RACISM ADVOCATES

SOME OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL AFRICAN SOCIAL ADVOCATES
Shirley Anita Chisholm (1972) - Chisholm was the first African
American woman to seek a major party's nomination for U.S.
President. She campaigned throughout the country and was on
the ballot in twelve primaries in what was largely an educational
campaign.
Dr. Martin Luther King addressing a committee, Rosa Parks in
front middle row

ON BEHALF OF ALL OUR ASSOCIATES AND PARTNERS:
Peace on Earth. Best wishes for a wonderful holiday season
and a new year filled with peace and happiness
A World of Good Wishes. One of the real joys this holiday
season is the opportunity to say thank you and wish you the
very best for the new year!
www.africanviews.org
THANK YOU!
African Views is an American nonprofit Organization in Special
Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and
Social Council with focus on the wellbeing of Society by
promoting cultural sustainability and cultural harmony
through social research, community assessment, resource
mapping, and project development.
To support our work with tax deductible donation please click
here: WWW.PAYPAL.ME/AFRICANVIEWS
PROVIDE INFORMATION. FACILITATE COMMUNICATION. PROMOTE COLLABORATION

Dr. Baryl Biekman
Tiye International, The
African European Women’s
Movement "Sophiedela",
the Platform of the Dutch
Slavery Past, the Global
Coalition for the
International Decade for
People of African descent1
and the world wide Civil
Society grassroots
African families on this
historical moment of the
launching of the
International Decade for
People of African descent.
Wale Idris Ajibade
Executive Director,
African Views
Regina Askia Williams, RN
Association of Nigerian Nurses
African Health Dialogues.
Board Director African Views
H.E. Ambassador
Chief Sâchem
Wômpimeequin Wampatuck
Mattakeeset Tribal delegate
to the UNPFII
( United Nations Permanent
Forum on Indigenous Issues )
& OAS Indigenous Rep to the
IACHR ( Inter American
Commission on Human
Rights)
Dr. Vincent Lyn
We Can save Children
Carmelo G. Garcia, MSIS, IM,
SPHM, FHO, SHRM, CPM…
Assemblyman Emeritus,
Executive Vice President 6

H. E. Isaiah Z. Chabala
African Views Organization, Representative
(Acting Chairman). Former Ambassador and
Permanent Representative of Zambia to the
United Nations, European Union and various
other international bodies.
HRM OBA(ARC.) ADEREMI ADEDAPO
Secretary, Board of Trustees, National Council of
Traditional Rulers Of Nigeria, Under The Co-
chairmanship of The Ooni Of Ife, & Sultan of Sokoto,
and Principal of AFRICAN & AMERICAN COUNCIL OF
TRADITIONAL& INDIGENOUS LEADERS,(AACTIL)
William A. Verdone
Chairman of the board, African views
Organization, the Honorable chief William A.
Verdone at the United Nations attending the
PPP program sponsored by Ambassador
Henry Mac Donald of the permanent mission
of Suriname to the UN.

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Contextualization and Observation of Kwanzaa by African Views