Biology is the branch of science which deals with the study of living organism and their life processes. It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures like growth, structure, occurrence, classification, ecology, economics importance, external form, organization, internal structure, nutrition among others

1. Basic Understanding of Science, Biology
and it’s related branches
Branches
of
Biology

2. • Science (from the Latin word scientia, meaning
“knowledge”)
• It is a systematic enterprise that builds and organi
zes knowledge in the form of testable explanation
s and predictions about the universe
• Or, science is an organized form of knowledge or
systematic knowledge
• That is, knowledge through process
Definition of Science

3. Biology
• The Word Biology is the combination of two Greek
words (bios – life, logos – study)
• Biology is the branch of science which deals with
the study of living objects and their life processes
• It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures like
growth, structure, occurrence, classification, ecology,
economics importance, external form, organization,
internal structure, nutrition among others

4. Cont’d
• Being broad – based and multidisplinary, the term biolo
gy is often replaced by the term “life science or biologi
cal science.”
• The term biology was coined by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
• Aristotle is know as the “Father of Biology”

5. Now questions arises like:
what is Life? What is living?
How can you differentiate between Living
and non-living since we define biology as t
he science which deals with the study of
living objects

6. • Life is a set of characteristics which differe
ntiate organisms from non-living objects
• These set of characteristics include reproducti
on, growth, homeostasis, movement, nutriti
on, respiration among others
• For a thing to be called a living thing, there
must be a set of these characteristics

7. Botany
• Botany is the branch of biology which deals wit
h the scientific study of different aspects of pla
nts and plant-like organisms which include alga
e, fungi, lichens, mosses, ferns, conifer, and flow
ering plants
• The ancient Greek Theophrastus (371–286 B.C.E
.) is known as the “Father/Founder of Botany”

8. Microbiology
• Microbiology is the branch of biology that deals wit
h the scientific study of all living organisms that are
too small to be visible to the naked eye.
• These organisms include: bacteria, archaea, viruses, f
ungi, prions, protozoa, and algae, collectively known
as ‘Microbes’
• Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek is known as the
“Father of Microbiology”

9. Pure Branches of Biology
1. Morphology
2. Anatomy
3. Histology
4. Cytology
5. Cell biology
6. Molecular biology
7. Physiology
8. Ecology
9. Embryology
10. Genetics
11. Paleontology
12. Taxonomy
13. Evolution
14. Pathology
The pure branch of biology include the following:

10. • Morphology
It is the study of external form, size, shape, color, external
structure and relative position of living organisms
• Anatomy
It is the study of internal structure which can be observed with
unaided eye after dissection
• Physiology
It is the study of different types of body functions and process
es or the functional activities of a living organism

11. • Cytology
It is the study of form and structure as well as the function
of cells including the behavior of nucleus and other
organelles
• Histology
It is the study of tissue organization and structure as
observed through light microscope
• Embryology
It is the study of fertilization, growth, division and different
iation of the zygote into embryo or early development of
living beings before the attainment of structure and size of
the offspring

12. • Taxonomy
It is the science of identification, nomenclature and
classification of organisms
• Genetics
It is the study of inheritance of characters or heredity
and variations. Heredity is the study of expression and
transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
• Ecology
It is the study of living organisms is relation to other
organism and their environment

13. • Evolution
It studies the origin of life as well as new types of
organism from the previous ones by modifications
involving genetic changes and adaptations.
• Paleontology
It deals with the study of fossils or remains and
impressions of past organisms present in the rocks
of different ages.

14. • Cell Biology
It is the study of morphological, organizational, biochemic
al, physiological, genetic, developmental, pathological and
evolutionary aspects of cell and its components.
• Molecular Biology
It is the study of the nature, physicochemical organization,
synthesis working and interaction of bio-molecules that br
ing about and control various activities of the protoplasm
• Pathology
It is a branch of biology which studies diseases in plant a
nd animals and their treatment

15. Applied Branches of Biology
• The applied branch of biology is divided into
two main streams:
• Applied Botany
• Applied Zoology

16. Applied Botany
• Some important branches of applied botany
are;
1. Agriculture
2. Horticulture
3. Pharmacognosy
4. Forestry…

17. Applied Zoology
• Some important branches of applied zoology
are;
1. Sericulture
2. Apiculture
3. Lac culture
4. Poultry
5. Pisciculture
6. Animal husbandry

18. Some different branches of science,
biology specifically, has become very
importance in this millennium
With the above idea of the branches
of biology, let us have some idea of
the biological importance in other
branches of science.
A – Z List

19. A
• Acariology
Study of ticks and mites
• Actinobiology
The branch of science which deals with the study of
radiation effects on organisms
• Aerobiology
Study of flying organisms

20. • Agroforestry
This branch deals with forms of land used on which
herbaceous crops and trees crops are cultivated
• Agronomy
Science which deals with the crop plants
• Agrostology
Study of grasses
• Anthology
Study of flowers

21. • Anthropology
Study of apes and man
• Apiculture
Study of Bee keeping
• Araneology
Study of spiders
• Arthrology
Study of joints

22. B
• Bacteriology
Study of bacteria
• Batrachology
Study of frog
• Biochemistry
Branch of science which deals with the study of
chemical reactions in relations to life activities

23. • Biometrics
Statistical analysis of different results of biological
experiments
• Biotechnology
Us of biological organisms in commercial processes
for producing fine chemicals such as drugs, vaccines
and hormones etc.. On a large scale and at reasona
ble cost

24. • Bryology
Study of Bryophytes
• Biophysics
Study of physical aspects of living organisms

25. c
• Carcinology
Study of crab and crustaceans
• Cardiology
Study of the heart
• Chondriology
Study of cartilage
• Chromatology
Study of pigments

26. • Cnidology
Study of Coelenterata
• Conchology
Study of shells
• Craniology
Study of skull
• Cytogenetics
Study of cytological basis of inheritance

27. D
• Dendrology
Study of shrubs and trees
• Dermatology
Study of skin

28. E
• Ecobiology
Study of problems of existence of life in outer space
• Ecology
Study of relationship between organisms and their
environment
• Embryology
Study of embryo i.e developmental stages after
fertilization or birth of young ones

29. • Endocrinology
Study of endocrine glands and their secretions
• Entomology
Study of insects
• Enzymology
Study of enzymes

30. • Ethnology
Study of mankind
• Ethology
Study of conditions of animals or behavior of animals,
in a natural contest
• Etiology
Study of diseases

31. • Eugenics
Study of improvement of human race by applying laws
of heredity. It applied before birth. Eugenics is related
with future generation
• Euphenics
Study of improvement of human race by drug treatment
or gene engineering i.e medical engineering of genetic
disorder
• Euthenics
Study of improvement of human race by improving envir
onment. It applied after birth and is related with present
generation

32. • Evolution
The branch of science which deals with the study of or
igin of new from old i.e origin, variation, inter-relations
hip between organisms of past and present days
• Exobiology
Space biology is also know as exobiology

33. F
• Floriculture
Study od flower yielding plants

34. G
• Genetics
Study of heredity and variations
• Gerontology
Study of growing old
• Gynaecology
Study of female reproductive organs

35. H
• Haematology
Study of blood
• Helminthology
Study of helminthes
• Hepatology
Study of liver

36. • Herpetology
Study of lizards and other reptiles
• Hypnology
Study which deals with sleep
• Histochemistry
Study of chemical nature of tissues
• Horticulture
Study of flowering and fruit plants

37. I
• Ichnology
Study of fossil footprints
• Ichthyology
Study of fish and it’s culture
• Immunology
Study of resistance of organisms against infection

38. K
• Kalology
Study of sensory values, sometimes called
judgement of sentiment and taste
• Karyology
Study of nucleus
• Kinesiology
Study of muscle movements

39. L
• Lepidopterology
Study of moths and butterflies
• Lichenology
Study of lichens
• Limnology
Study of fresh water lakes, ponds, and streams in
relation with plants and animals

40. M
• Malacology
Study of mollusks
• Mammalogy
Study of mammals
• Mastology
Study of breasts

41. • Melanology
Study of pigments
• Molecular biology
Study of life science on molecular level (i.e. RNA and
DNA level)
• Mycology
Study of fungi
• Myrmecology
Study of ants

42. N
• Neonatology
Study of the new-born up to one month of age
• Nephrology
Study of kidney
• Neurology
Study of the nervous system

43. • Nidology
Study of nests of birds
• Nosology
The branch of medical science dealing with the class
ification of diseases.

44. O
• Odontology
Study of teeth and gums
• Olericulture
Study of vegetable yielding plants
• Oncology
Study of cancer

45. • Oneirology
Study of dreams
• Ontogeny
Study of embryonic history
• Oology
Study of egg of birds

46. • Ophthalmology
Study of eyes
• Organocology
Study of development of organs under embryology
• Organology
Study of organs

47. • Ornithology
Study of birds
• Osteology
Study of bones
• Otorhinolaryngology
Study of ear, nose, and throat

48. P
• Paedology
Study of larva stages
• Paleozoology
Study of fossils of animals and their distribution in
time
• Paleobotany
Study of the distribution and characteristics of fossils

49. • Parasitology
Study of parasites
• Pathology
Study of various diseases in human beings
• Parazoology
Study of porifera/sponges

50. • Pedology
Study of soils
• Pharmacognosy
Branch of science dealing with medicinal plants
• Pharmacology
Study of synthesis and effect of medicines on organi
sms

51. • Phenology
Study of organisms as affected by seasonal climates
e.g. of bird migration, opening of flowers etc.
• Phrenology
Study of mental faculties of brain including feelings
• Phycology (algology)
Study of algae

52. • Phylogeny
Study of evolutionary history
• Physiology
Study of functions of various parts within the
organisms
• Pisciculture
Study of rearing of fishes

53. • Platyhelminthology
Study of flat worms
• Pomology
Study of fruits
• Poultry
Study which deals with keepings of foul

54. • Proctology
Study of hind gut including rectum and anus
• Protistology
Study of protests. Its field of study overlaps with
more traditional disciplines of algology, mycology
and protozoology
• Psychobiolog
Study of the behavioral aspects of animals
• Pteridology
Study of Pteridophyte

55. R
• Rainology
Study of nose and olfactory organs

56. S
• Saurology
Study of lizards
• Sarcology
Study of muscles
• Sericulture
Silk industry concerned with culture of silk moth and
pupa

57. • Serology
Study of serum; interaction of antigens and
antibodies in the blood
• Sepentology
Study of snakes
• Silvibulture
Study of the development of forest

58. • Sitology
Study of dietetics
• Speciology
Study of species
• Spermology
Study of seeds

59. • Splanchnology
Study of visceral organs
• Stomatology
Study of forget including buccal cavity and stomach
• Syndesmology
Study of bony joints and ligaments

60. T
• Taxonomy
The branch of science which deals with the study
of classification of organism
• Teratology
Study of fetal malformations
• Toxicology
Study of narcotics and the influence of narcotics
on various organisms

61. • Traumatology
Study of wounds and turnover
• Trichology
Study of hair
• Trophology
Study of nutrition

62. U
• Urobiology
Study which deals with preservation of deals deals
bodies in liquids by chemicals
• Urology
Study od wine including diseases and the abnormalities
of urinary and urino-genital tract

63. V
• Virology
Study of virus

64. Z
• Zoogeography
The branch of science which deals with the study of
the distribution of animals on earth
• Zoophytology
Study of drifting microorganism such as diatoms

65. Branches of Biology on The
Basis of
Medical Sciences

66. • Gynecology
Gynecology normally means treating women who aren’t
pregnant, while obstetrics deals with pregnant women
and their unborn children, but there is lots of crossover
between the two
• Orthopedics
Branch of medical science which is devoted to the diagn
osis, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of injuries,
disorders and diseases of the body’s musculoskeletal syst
em. This system includes bones, joints, ligaments, muscle
s, nerves and tendons

67. • Ophthalmology
Branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy,
physiology, and diseases of the eyeball and orbit
• Dentistry
Branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagn
osis, prevention and treatment of diseases, disorders
and conditions of the oral cavity

68. • Oncology
Branch of medicine that researchers, identifies and
treats cancer
• Cardiology
Branch of medicine that is concern with the diseases
and disorders of the heart, which may range from
congenital defects through to acquired heart diseas
es such as coronary artery disease and congestive
heart failure

69. • Urology
Surgical specialty that deals with the treatment of
conditions involving the male and female urinary tract
and the ale reproductive organs
• Nephrology
Branch of medical science that deals with diseases of the
kidneys
• Pediatrics
Branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical
care of infants, children, and adolescents from birth up
to the age of 18

70. • Dermatology
Branch of medicine dealing with diagnosing and
treating skin diseases affecting the skin, hair and
nails
• Physiotherapy
Branch of medicine which uses a treatment method
that focuses on the science of movements and help
people to restore, maintain and maximize their
physical strength, function, motion and overall
well-being by addressing the underlying physical
issues

71. Reference
1. http://www.iasplanner.com/civilservices/ias-pre/general-science/
main-branches-of-biology-and-fields-of-biology
2. https://www.papertrell.com/apps/preview/Handy-Answer-Book/H
andy%20Answer%20book/Who-is-called-the-father-ofbotany/001
137006/content/SC/51360d13172536090c7a5730_plantlifehtml.ht
ml
3. https://www.quora.com/Who-is-the-father-of-zoology
4. https://targetstudy.com/qna/who-is-known-as-the-father-of-micr
obiology.html
5. http://readbiology.com/main-divisions-branches-biology/
6. https://biology.homeomagnet.com/branches-of-biology/
7. https://hemantmore.org.in/science/biology/branches-biology/106
09/