The National Development Agenda: Priorities, Challenges and Status
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NEDA presentation for the online course on "Localizing Poverty Reduction Targets"
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The National Development Agenda: Priorities, Challenges and Status
- 1. The National Development Agenda: Priorities, Challenges and Status Online Course on “Localizing Poverty Reduction Targets” 09 June 2015 Silliman University 6/9/2015 1
- 2. The Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 Midterm Update A roadmap to inclusive growth 6/9/2015 2
- 3. What is inclusive growth? • It is growth that is rapid enough to matter, given the country’s large population, geographic differences, and social complexity • It is sustained growth that creates jobs, draws the majority into the economic and social mainstream, and reduces poverty. PDP 2011-2016: A roadmap to inclusive growth
- 4. What makes inclusive growth elusive? o Inadequate infrastructure o Major gaps and lapses in governance o Inadequate levels of human development o A poor and degraded state of environment and natural resources
- 5. How shall we achieve inclusive growth? Massive investment in physical infrastructure Transparent and responsive governance Investment in the country’s human resources Creating more and better employment opportunities
- 6. What have we accomplished so far? Economic performance remains strong despite disasters and global uncertainties. Reforms in tax collection, revenue administration, and expenditure management have provided considerable resources to fund new initiatives and expand existing ones. The country enjoys a high level of confidence among local and international business community. Increased investments in fixed assets, along with the revival of manufacturing subsector, suggest that quality employment will continue to increase in the future. Present government’s solid political legitimacy and relatively stable peace situation allows it to institute wide-ranging economic and social reforms.
- 7. What have we learned? • Good governance is an effective platform upon which strategies should be implemented. • Macroeconomic and political stability fuels positive expectations that lead to growth. • Development strategies need to consider spatial and sectoral dimensions to ensure inclusivity. • Economic growth is necessary but not sufficient for poverty reduction. • Disasters can reverse the gains and even push back development.
- 8. PDP Midterm Update Chapters 1. A roadmap to inclusive growth 2. Macroeconomic policy 3. Competitive and innovative industry & services sectors 4. Competitive and sustainable agriculture & fisheries sector 5. Resilient and inclusive financial system 6. Social development 7. Good governance and the rule of law 8. Peace and security 9. Sustainable and climate-resilient environment and natural resources 10. Accelerating infrastructure development
- 9. NATIONAL SECURITY GOOD GOVERNANCE Macroeconomic stability Access to financing Science, tech and innovation Education, skills and health of workforce Infrastructure Investments Jobs Rapid and sustained economic growth Equal development opportunities, sustainable and climate-resilient environment (Spatially, sectorally focused strategies) Poverty reduction in multiple dimensions, massive quality employment creation ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY INCLUSIVE GROWTH Market demandCompetitiveness of productive sectors 8 7 6 2 3, 4 9 10 5 3, 4 3, 4,2, 3, 5 9 6, 9 4, 6, 3, 4,2, 5
- 10. Spatial considerations • Geography is an important determinant of the quality of human life because it facilitates or obstructs access to opportunities for improving one’s conditions. – Physical distance – Quality of natural environment that causes one to be healthy or sickly; less or more vulnerable to disasters – Quality of institutions that may encourage of stifle private initiative • It is important to understand local conditions and identify constraints to development. 10
- 11. Addressing the specific constraints faced by the poor I – provinces with highest number of the poor II – provinces with highest proportion of the poor III – provinces prone to multiple hazards • Rapid growth opportunities exist but not for the poor • In-migrants are attracted but they cannot participate in the growth process as well • Very remote, sparsely populated • Limited growth opportunities • Confronted by conflict and/or frequent disasters • Prone to multiple hazards PDP 2011-2016: A roadmap to inclusive growth
- 12. Addressing the specific constraints requires different strategies I – provinces with highest number of the poor II – provinces with highest proportion of the poor III – provinces prone to multiple hazards • Create more growth opportunities • Undertake skills training, employment facilitation • Encourage flexible work arrangements • Promote economic mobility of labor through human capital and infrastructure development • Link residents to the value chain • Strengthen peace-building efforts • Capacitate officials and residents on disaster risk- reduction strategies • Promote income diversification • Expand social protection and insurance PDP 2011-2016: A roadmap to inclusive growth
- 13. Province Region Number of poor households Zamboanga del Sur Region IX: Western Mindanao 170,181 Cebu Region VII: Central Visayas 151,425 Pangasinan Region I: Ilocos Region 148,601 Negros Occidental Region VI: Western Visayas 138,664 Camarines Sur Region V: Bicol 136,208 Leyte Region VIII: Eastern Visayas 132,377 Iloilo Region VI: Western Visayas 122,770 Sulu ARMM 122,218 Quezon Region IV-A: CALABARZON 122,139 Davao del Sur Region XI: Davao Region 111,655 Source: National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (DSWD, 2010) Provinces with high magnitude of poor households (Category 1)
- 14. Provinces with the highest poverty incidence (Category 2) Province Region Poverty Incidence (%) Lanao del Sur Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 73.8 Maguindanao Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 63.7 Eastern Samar Region VIII: Eastern Visayas 63.7 Apayao Cordillera Administrative Region 61.4 Zamboanga del Norte Region IX: Western Mindanao 54.4 Camiguin Region X: Northern Mindanao 53.6 Saranggani Region XII: SOCCSKSARGEN 53.2 North Cotabato Region XII: SOCCSKSARGEN 52.4 Masbate Region V: Bicol 51.3 Northern Samar Region VIII: Eastern Visayas 50.2 Source: National Statistical Coordination Board (2012) Note: National average of poverty incidence is at 25.2 percent.
- 15. Region Province Region V: Bicol Albay Region V: Bicol Catanduanes Region VI: Western Visayas Antique Region VI: Western Visayas Iloilo Region VII: Central Visayas Bohol Region VIII: Eastern Visayas Eastern Samar Region VIII: Eastern Visayas Leyte Region VIII: Eastern Visayas Northern Samar Region VIII: Eastern Visayas Southern Leyte Region IX: Western Mindanao Zamboanga del Sur Region IX: Western Mindanao Zamboanga Sibugay Region XIII: Caraga Dinagat Islands Region XIII: Caraga Agusan del Sur Region XIII: Caraga Surigao del Norte Region XIII: Caraga Surigao del Sur Provinces exposed to multiple hazards (Category 3) Region Province Region I: Ilocos Ilocos Norte Region I: Ilocos Ilocos Sur Cordillera Administrative Region Abra Cordillera Benguet Region II: Cagayan Valley Cagayan Region II: Cagayan Valley Quirino Region II: Cagayan Valley Isabela Region II: Cagayan Valley Nueva Vizcaya Region III: Central Luzon Zambales Region III: Central Luzon Pampanga Region III: Central Luzon Aurora Region IV-A: CALABARZON Cavite Region IV-A: CALABARZON Laguna Region IV-A: CALABARZON Rizal Region IV-A: CALABARZON Quezon
- 16. Sectoral strategies • Industry & Services Subsectors with potential for employment generation – Agro-industry (related to coconut, coffee, cacao, fisheries and forestry) – Manufacturing, esp. food manufacturing, garments, wood furniture and fixtures, and halal food industry – Tourism – IT-Business Process Management – Construction – Logistics • Linking Agriculture with Industry and Services through the supply chain 16 PDP 2011-2016: A roadmap to inclusive growth
- 17. Plan implementation and monitoring • The overall development of the country is ultimately a product of the dynamism of the private sector. The role of government is to set the necessary policy and regulatory framework and provide public goods and services to catalyze private initiative and encourage efficiency improvements. • PDP implementation calls for convergence of agency programs and coordination among agencies at different levels, as well as the private sector and development partners. • The Planning Committees constituted to update the Plan will monitor welfare outcomes and implementation progress as indicated in the Results Matrices. • The NEDA Secretariat will prepare Socioeconomic Report. 17 PDP 2011-2016: A roadmap to inclusive growth
- 18. Social Development Sector Accomplishments and Strategies 18
- 19. Challenges The country is at risk of not meeting some of the targets specified in the MDG and PDP • Reducing poverty • Maternal deaths • Prevalence of underweight children below 5 yrs of age • Undernourishment of families • Improving educational achievement rates 19
- 21. Major Strategies • Health and nutrition status improved – Provide health care to all: Kalusugan Pangkalahatan (Universal Health Care) • Achieve health-related MDGs by scaling-up promising preventive and promotive health programs and improving health-seeking behavior among the most vulnerable population; • Improve financial risk protection by expanding national health insurance coverage and benefits; and • Ensure quality of service by investing in facility infrastructure and equipment, as well as improving clinical and management processes, and regulating the quality of care provided. 21
- 22. Major Strategies • Knowledge and skills enhanced – Provide complete and quality basic education – Develop workforce competencies and life skills through TVET – Make higher education competitive and responsive to national development goals 22
- 23. Major Strategies • Social protection expanded – Enhance the targeting system by identifying the “near poor”/vulnerable and knowing their used – Enhance social protection and insurance for vulnerable groups – Set up convergence mechanisms at all levels • Access to secure shelter expanded – Provide a menu of housing options/assistance – Build strong partnerships with stakeholders – Pursue the policy agenda for socialized housing 23
- 24. RESULTS MATRIX Indicators Baseline (2010) End-of-Plan target (2016) Assumptions and risks Sector outcome: Improved Human Capabilities Assumptions: Cooperation of families/households in the implementation of health programs is ensured Commitments and capacities of the LGUs to deliver basic services and provide the supply requirements are strengthened The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (RA 10354) is fully implemented Full realization of the incremental revenues from the Sin Tax Reform Law (RA 10351) to increase funding for Universal Health Care (UHC) Continued improvement in the country's economic performance Risks: Changes in political leadership, particularly at the Local Government Units (LGUs) Competing priorities of the LGUs Occurrence of natural disasters and armed conflicts Emergence of new diseases/new strain facilitated by globalization Rapid urbanization putting strain to public health services in the urban areas Subsector outcome A: Improved Health and Nutrition Status Maternal Mortality Ratio per 100,000 live births decreased 221 (2011) 50 Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births decreased (%) 22 (2011) 17 Under-five mortality rate per 1,000 live births decreased (%) 30 (2008) 25.5 Prevalence of underweight children under-five decreased (per 1,000 live births) 20.2 (2011) 12.7 Contraceptive prevalence rate increased (all methods) 48.9 (2011) 65 Proportion of births attended by professional increased 72.2 (2011) 90 Proportion of births delivered in facility increased 52.2 (2011) 85 Malaria mortality rate per 100,000 population decreased (%) 0.01 (2011) <0.03 Malaria morbidity rate per 100,000 population decreased (%) 9.5 (2011) 6.6 TB case detection (all forms )increased 82 (2012) 85 HIV prevalence decreased Less than 1% of population (2012) Less than 1% of population Proportion of population with access to safe water (HH in %) increased 83 (2011) 88 Proportion of population with access to sanitary toilet (HH in %) increased 91.6 (2011) >92 National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) coverage rate increased (in %) 72 (2012) 95 Proportion of households with per capita intake below 100% dietary energy requirement decreased (in%) 66.9 (2008) 32.8 24
- 25. RESULTS MATRIX Indicators Baseline (2010) End-of-Plan target (2016) Assumptions and risks Sector outcome: Improved Human Capabilities Assumptions: Appropriate budget allocation provided to the concerned agencies Improved participation of stakeholders such as LGUs, private sector and the community in meeting the targets Risk: Inability of households to send pupils/students to school due to poverty, peace and order concerns, natural calamity and other factors Subsector outcome B: Knowledge and Skills Enhanced Net enrolment rate increased Kindergarten 57.2 100 Elementary 95.9 99 Secondary 64.7 71 Adjusted net enrolment rate increased Elementary 98.5 99 Secondary 92.5 99 Completion rate increased Elementary 72.1 83 Secondary 75.1 80 Cohort survival rate increased Elementary 74.2 83 Secondary 79.4 85 Achievement rate increased Elementary 68.2 77 Secondary 47.9 65 Certification rate in TVET increased 82.9 87.5 TVET graduates increased 1,344,371 1,383,026 Higher education graduates increased 498,418 601,505 Higher education faculty with MA (%) increased 38.87 65 Higher education faculty with PhD(%) increased 11.09 30 Higher education institutions with accredited program increased 19.89 35 National passing percentage (across disciplines) in licensure exams (%) 33.91 52.53 25
- 26. RESULTS MATRIX Indicators Baseline (2010) End-of-Plan target (2016) Assumptions and risks Sector outcome: Vulnerabilities Reduced Assumption: Coordination between local governments, DSWD and PhilHealth in providing coverage Risks: Lack of local funding of competing LGU priorities Low utilization of coverage Subsector outcome C: Social protection expanded Percentage of poor families covered by PhilHealth as identified under the NHTS-PR and LGU Sponsored Program 88.7 100 Subsector outcome D: Access to secure shelter expanded Assumption: Passage of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (DHUD) Bill Percentage of housing needs met 22.5 25.84 Share of socialized housing to housing target improved 56.78 77.77 26
- 27. Plan Implementation • Monitored through the NEDA-Social Development Committee (SDC) and the Human Development and Poverty Reduction Cabinet Cluster (HDPRC) • Lead agencies: – Department of Health (DOH) – Department of Education (DepEd) – Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) – Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC) 27
- 28. The National Development Agenda: Priorities, Challenges and Status Online Course on “Localizing Poverty Reduction Targets” 09 June 2015 Silliman University 6/9/2015 28
Hinweis der Redaktion
- This shows the overarching strategic framework of the Updated Plan, with inclusive growth—defined as poverty reduction in multiple dimensions and massive creation of quality employment—as the desired outcome. To achieve inclusive growth, deliberate state action is needed so that any disadvantage owing to circumstance does not hinder a person from accessing available opportunities to improve his or her lot. Thus, inclusive growth is about equalizing opportunities, rather than outcomes. The social development sector helps ensure access to health, education, shelter and social protection opportunities and services. Unfortunately, some individuals have not been able to take advantage of growth opportunities for reasons of ill-health or inadequate education—two of several dimensions of poverty. The Updated PDP envisions equalizing opportunities for people to get themselves employed, acquire assets, and improve their quality of life.
- In order for growth to result in more opportunities, and thereby accelerate poverty reduction, the Updated Plan will focus the government interventions on a number of provinces, clustered on the basis of three categories. For Category 1, these areas which have the highest number of poor families are not necessarily the poorest provinces. In fact, for a number of the provinces in this category, namely Cebu, Pangasinan, and Iloilo, development opportunities clearly exist. However, pockets of poverty also exist in these provinces to the extent that opportunities may be limited and certain segments of the population are unable to readily participate in the growth process. In-migration may also be a factor to the extent that the provinces tend to attract the poor from other places but opportunities for gainful employment are limited given existing skill sets. For category 2, these provinces essentially have lesser opportunities for development, since they have small population, are less dense, and are located in remote areas. Weather-related events and armed conflict have been additional constraining factors. Category 3 focuses on certain geographic characteristics that make provinces exposed and prone to multiple hazards, such as landslides and flooding. Most of them are included in the Hazards Mapping and Assessment for Effective Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (READY) Project. In these provinces, the marginally non-poor can slide into poverty relatively quickly owing to shocks or natural disasters.
- In each category, we have a focused and specific strategy. For Category 1, the interventions should be aimed at increasing investments to create more employment opportunities. Improving physical infrastructure to enhance trade and labor mobility are critical interventions. Depending on their comparative advantage, the potential for creating new growth drivers in agro-industry, food manufacturing, and logistics in some of the provinces should be exploited. Meantime, current sources of growth such as IT-BPM, and tourism can be expanded. In addition, improving human capital through investments in education and training (e.g. TVET) should be continuously encouraged to increase the employability of the work force. Introducing flexibilities in work arrangements may also be warranted. The strategy for Category 2 is to provide basic social services (e.g., health services, basic education, water and sanitation) that promote economic and physical mobility, while economic opportunities are being created in the area. Small agriculture-based enterprises linked to the supply chain of product or service providers in the more developed areas of the region should be encouraged as a way of increasing employment and ensuring incomes. In areas where human security is particularly at risk because of violence or armed conflict, peace-building efforts should be earnestly pursued by addressing the fundamental bases of the conflicts. While, for Category 3, the strategies that need to be implemented in these vulnerable areas should focus on disaster-risk reduction and mitigation, social insurance and social protection, and income diversification.
- ** PDP Chapter 6 presentation in the Joint Inter-PC and PSC Workshop on 25 March 2014
- While the country is on track in terms of economic targets, it continues to face the challenge of achieving social outcome targets. The country remains to be at risk of not meeting the following MDG and PDP targets: Reducing poverty; Reducing maternal deaths; Decreasing the prevalence of underweight children below 5 years of age; Improving the nourishment of families (indicators: proportion of households with per capita intake below 100% dietary energy requirement); and Improving educational achievement rates.
- With the overarching goal of reducing poverty in multiple dimensions and creating massive quality employment, the Social Sector aims to improve human capabilities and reduce vulnerabilities by improving health and nutrition status, enhancing knowledge and skills, expanding social protection, and expanding access to secure shelter.
- Kalusugan Pangkalahatan is the PDP’s main strategy for improving the country’s health and nutrition status. The key aspects of the Kalusugan Pangkalahatan are found in its three strategic thrusts: Achieve health-related MDGs by scaling-up promising preventive and promotive health programs and improving health-seeking behavior among the most vulnerable population; A total of 14.7 million poor identified in the NHTS-PR from Category 1 provinces, as well as near-poor families, can be enrolled under the National health Insurance Program (NHIP) Improve financial risk protection by expanding national health insurance coverage and benefits; and Ensure quality of service by not only investing in facility infrastructure and equipment, but also improving clinical and management processes, and regulating the quality of care provided.
- To address the challenges in the sector, the following policies and strategies shall be pursued: For basic education - Ensure that every Filipino has access to complete basic education by creating conducive learning institutions; providing affirmative action to learners with special needs and those in special circumstances and using technology in expanding reach Enhance learning efficiency so that every Filipino graduate of basic education is prepared for higher education, employment or entrepreneurship. In line with the implementation of the K to 12 Program, the government shall pursue the: (a) development of enhanced learner-centered curriculum; (b) provision of adequate instructional materials and equipment; and, (c) improvement of quality of instruction and professional development of teachers For tertiary education (i.e., TVET and Higher Education) (6) Implement the cross-level mobility of students between higher education and middle-level skills development based on the approved Philippine Qualifications Framework (PQF) (7) Align higher education institutions (HEIs) programs with national development goals and industry needs by upgrading and aligning the curricula with international standards; identifying Centers of Excellence (COEs) and Centers of Development (CODs) (8) Upgrade higher education quality standards to internationally comparable levels and strengthen quality assurance systems through the continuing revision of programs, policies and standards along learning competency-based standards.
- Reducing vulnerabilities to shocks and risks is crucial in equalizing opportunities. A strategy to reduce vulnerabilities entails expanding social protection and providing more secure shelter, particularly in Category 3 provinces that are highly vulnerable and prone to multiple hazards. The major strategies in expanding social protection are: Enhancing the targeting system by identifying the “near poor”/vulnerable and knowing their used; Enhancing social protection and insurance for vulnerable groups; and Setting up convergence mechanisms at all levels In order to expand access to secure shelter, the housing sector will focus on the following strategic thrusts: Provide a menu of housing options/assistance to various clientele (informal settlers, low-income workers, formal sector members of Pag-Ibig, GSIS and SSS) Build strong partnerships with stakeholders; and Pursue the policy agenda for socialized housing
- The results matrix pursues an improved health and nutrition status which reflects the positive improvements in the various health and nutrition and population performance indicators from the baseline in 2010/2011 until the end-of-plan target by 2016.
- In the education sub-sector, our desired outcome is the enhancement of knowledge and skills in basic education, technical-vocational education and training (TVET) and in higher education.
- In social protection, the sub-sector outcome is to expand social protection services to contribute to the reduction of vulnerabilities. Our main intervention is the expanded coverage of Philhealth under the NHTS-PR and LGU sponsored program to reach 100 percent by 2016 from 88.7 percent in 2010. Finally, in housing, the continued expansion of the access of households to secure shelter will be pursued. The percentage of housing targets met (i.e., direct housing provision as a percentage of the total housing need) is expected improve from 22.5 percent in 2010 to 25.84 percent by 2016. Similarly, the share of socialized housing programs to the total direct housing provision is targeted to increase from 56.78 percent in 2010 to 77.77 percent by 2016.
- The implementation of the Plan is being monitored by the NEDA-Social Development Committee and the Human Development and Poverty Reduction Cabinet Cluster, with the following lead agencies for each sector. We however, encourage this committee to regularly report the accomplishments to the DSWD (as the lead agency of the sub-committee) so, our targets and strategies are properly monitored and reported.