3. The War of Independence
◉ In 1808, Napoleon Bonaparte, the Emperor of
France, decided to occupy Portugal.
◉ The King of Spain, Charles IV, allowed him to go
across Spain.
◉ On their way, the French troops invaded some
Spanish cities.
◉ This caused a popular revolt which
forced Charles IV to abdicate.
◉ His son, Ferdinand VII, became king.
To abdicate: abdicar, ceder el trono
4. The War of Independence
◉ Soon after, Napoleon forced Ferdinand VII to
abdicate so he could proclaim his brother,
Joseph Bonaparte, the new king.
◉ This started the War of Independence.
This war lasted until 1814, when
the French were defeated and
Ferdinand VII returned as King
of Spain.
Defeated: derrotado
5. The War of Independence
◉ During the war, the Spanish Parliament moved to
Cádiz.
◉ In 1812, its members wrote Spain’s first
constitution, the Constitution of Cádiz.
◉ It limited the king’s power and established rights
for the citizens.
7. The reign of Ferdinand VII
◉ In 1814, Ferdinand VII returned as King of Spain.
◉ He abolished the Constitution of Cádiz and re-
established an absolute monarchy.
◉ This caused political disorder and, as a result,
most of the American colonies became
independent.
9. The reign of Isabella II
◉ Isabella II became queen when Ferdinand VII, her
father, died in 1833.
◉ During her reign, there was a constitutional
monarchy that limited her power.
◉ However, military conflicts led to a revolution,
and in 1868, Isabella II went into exile.
11. The First Spanish Republic
◉ In 1871, Amadeo de Saboya of Italy became king
but he abdicated two years later.
◉ In 1873, members of Parliament proclamed a
republic, a form of government with no king.
◉ This First Spanish Republic also lacked support
and failed after about a year.
Watch
video
To lack: carecer
13. The Spanish Restoration
◉ In 1876, the son of Isabella II, Alfonso XII, was
crowned King of Spain, and a new historical
period, known as the Restoration, began.
◉ At the end of the 19th century, Spain lost its last
colonies in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
14. NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
Make a timeline of Spanish monarchs in
the 19th century. Include the years they
ruled and important events.
17. The Industrial Revolution
originated in Great Britain at
the end of the 18th century,
and then it extended to other
countries. In Spain, the
Industrial Revolution took
place in the 19th century.
Factories were built mainly
in Catalonia and the Basque
Country.
You can also split your content
Small craftsmen’s workshops
were replaced by factories
with machines operated by
workers. The steam engine
was invented and a new
energy source, coal, was
used. Thanks to the steam
engine, trains and
steamboats were
developed, and new
machines allowed the textile
and metal industries to
advance dramatically.
The Industrial Revolution
18. As a consequence of the
Industrial Revolution,
many important economic
and social changes took
place.
A society that was based
on agriculture transformed
into a society based on
industrial activities.
You can also split your contentThe Industrial Revolution
19. Society
Society in the 19th
century was divided
into three social
classes, based on
wealth.
Wealth: riqueza
20. In two or three columns
UPPER CLASS
Consisted of the
wealthiest people: the
aristocrats and the
bourgeois.
- The aristocrats were
nobles who owned
large areas of land.
- The bourgeois were
factory owners,
prosperous merchants
and bankers.
Entrepeneurs:
emprendedores
MIDDLE CLASS
Consisted of small
merchants and
entrepeneurs, small
landowners, and
professionals such as
doctors, lawyers and
engineers.
LOWER CLASS
Consisted of poorer
people, such as
peasants and factory
workers.
- The peasants
worked on the land of
the large landowners.
- The factory workers
worked in exchange
for wages. Their living
conditions were very
hard.
Social classes
How were their living
conditions?
21. FACTORY WORKERS LIVING CONDITIONS
They worked more
than 12 hours a day
for very low wages.
In order to protect their
interests, workers formed
groups known as labour
unions.
23. NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
1. Complete the text.
Industrial Revolution was originated in ..................... .
In Spain, factories were built in ....................... and
.............................. . Thanks to the steam engine,
........................... and ......................... were developed.
As a consequence of the Industrial Revolution, many
important .................... and .................... changes took
place.
2. Make a diagram about the social classes.
