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Propagation of cardamom
1. TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Coimbatore-641003
Production technology of Spice crops
PSM 502 (2+1)
Assignment
on
PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES IN SMALL CARDAMOM
BY:-
VISHNU KUMAR MISHRA
ID NO 13-533-011
1st M.Sc.(Hort)
2.
3. Queen of spices
Habitat – Western Ghats
Cross pollination crops
perennial , monocot , herbaceous
Area- 71,170 ha, Production- 11,000 t
Max. production- Kerala (8545t)
2011-2012
6. Sloppy
land
Raise the bed:20cm ht, 1 m width, convenient
length
Soil solarisation
7. Seed extraction from ripen capsule in sept-oct
Seed collection from mother plant having:
Vigorous growth
High yielding
Compact panicle
High % of fruit set
Free from pests and diseases
More no. of tillers
8. After picking capsules are immersed in water
Seed extraction with gently press
Seeds are wash in water to remove mucilage
Seed are smeared with wood ash and shade dried
Acid treatment for better germination
Temperature have greater influence on germination
Treatment
Mode
Con. Nitric acid
Soaking
Conc. Hydrochloric Soaking
acid
25 per cent Nitric Soaking
acid
Germination percentage
Duration
(increase or decrease over
control)
five
nine per cent increase
minutes
five
Increased germination
minutes
10
55 per cent increase (fresh seeds)
minutes
25 per cent increase (six to eight
months old seeds)
9.
Line sowing
1 kg of seed to get 5000 seedling, i.e. half kg seed for an acre
Cover with thin layer sand
Germination starts in about 22-25 days
Avoid direct sunlight, rainfall by providing pandal
10. With paddy straw & dry leaves
Sometimes with coconut coir dust & goose berry le
12. Preparations
of bed same as primary nursery
Cattle manure thoroughly mixed with soil
Seedling transplanted at 4-5 leaf stage in June -July at
20-25 cm distance
Nutrition: 45g N, 30g P2O5 & 60g K2O in three equal
splits at 45 days interval
Poly bag nursery
Polythene
bags size: 20x20 cm & 100 gauge thickness
Bags filled with jungle top soil, cowdung and sand
(3:1:1)
Then transferred to main field in first week of June
after 10 months of sowing
13. Through division of rhizomes
-
Portion of rhizome with one old and one young
shoot
- Bear earlier than seedling
15. Planting unit: one grown up sucker & a young growing shoot
Trenches with 45 cm width, 45 cm depth, length convenient opened
Filled with jungle soil, compost, & top soil
Planting units are planted at 1.8x0.6m spacing
Overhead protection by erecting pandal
Irrigation once in week, fertilizers given @ 48:48:96g NPK in two split doses
16. 32-42
suckers produced from one planting unit
after 12 months
Hence in one hectare of clonal nursery about
1,48,144 – 1,94,439 plants produced in 12 months
18. First commercial level tissue culture production
Explant- young sprouting tillers (8-10 cm) in march to may is
ideal
Tissue cultured plants are harden in sand filled cups in mist
chamber at 80% RH
20. Procedure
Preparation of media(Schenk & Hidebrandt Medium)
Transplant of explant in media
For shoot induction , addition of BAP, KN & Coconut milk each @ 0.5mg/l
and
also IAA 2mg/l growth factors D- Biotin and calcium pantothenate @
The bud elongation takes place on M1 medium
0.1mg/l
Transfer of shoots in fresh medium after every 5 weeks
Primary culture is transferred to shoot multiplication medium M2
Achieve a ht of 30-40 mm in 12 weeks
White’s rooting medium used for rooting and further shoot elongation
Rate of multiplication 1:3/month
21. Rooting percentage 86-93%
4-5 cm rooted shoots transferred for hardening and acclimatization
Planting medium:- sterilized top soil and compost
Plantlets are acclimatized in nursery for 2-3 months
transferred to main field at stage of 20-30 cm ht