Portfolio Of Student Of Dezyne E'cole College , Ritik Panwar , B.Voc-Interior Design First Year .This Is The Portfolio Of His Work From First Year .For More Details Visit www.dezyneecole.com
2. Project Report
On
Residential Design Portfolio
At
Dezyne E’cole College
Ajmer
Submitted To
Dezyne E’cole College
Towards The
Partial Fulfilment of
B.Voc Interior Design
1st Year
By
Ritik Panwar
Dezyne E’Cole College
106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer
Tel.: 0145 – 2624679
www.dezynecole.com
2018 – 2019
3. SYNOPSIS
This Project is based On Residential Space Planning Has Been Created, Developed
And Designed By Me, I have studied about various subjects in my 1st year In my
residential project I Have Explored How Residential Spaces Need To Be Designed
As Per Climatology And Bio Climatic Design Of Rajasthan, Green Building
Concepts, Using Orientation, Daylight, Ventilation And Landscaping Of Land. By
the concept of Landscaping I Learnt That The Micro Climate Can Be Lowered By
6-8° On The Plot And This Has Been introduced In My Design Of Residential Plot.
Additionally, I considered The Building Bye-laws Of The Plot And Than As Per The
Study Of Spaces And How Planning Is Done As Per Louis Kahn Principles, I
Designed The Plan Of The Residential Area; Using Concept Of Watcher For A
Living Room, Attending To Served And Servant Areas. While Designing The Plan I
Even Considered the Different Types Of Approaches And Entrances To The House
and Levelling Of Space. I also Paid Attention In The Planning As To How Shapes
transforms Into Forms And Forms Follows Functions. The Way Forms Are
Assembled To Make A Cohesive Zone Of Space Planning. Finally, I Studied About
The Client And Created A Mood Board, Furniture Selections And Accessories
Board And Designed The Space. All The Design Development Creation Of
Orthographic Projection Has Been Done Using Google Sketch Up. I Request You
To Kindly Go Through My Portfolio Pages. As A Learner In This Field I Have Tried
My Level Best To Bring Out The Best Of My Knowledge Gained At Dezyne E’cole
College.
4. I, Ritik Panwar , Student Of Dezyne E'cole College, I Am Extremely Grateful To
Each And Every Individual Who Has Contributed In Successful Completion Of My
Project. I Would Like To Express My Special Thanks Of Gratitude Towards Dezyne
E'cole College And Its Mentors For Their Guidance And Constant Supervision As
Well As For Providing Me The Necessary Information And Support Regarding The
Completion Of Project. I Also Want To Thank My Parents And My Friends Who
Helped Me A Lot In Finalizing This Project Within A Limited Time Frame.
Thank You.
Due Regards
Ritik Panwar
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
5. GRADE SHEET
The project report of Mr Ritik Panwar , a student of B.Voc Interior Design 2nd
Semester has been checked and is graded
as________________________________________________________________
___________
Thank you
Principal
(seal & sign)
6. Interior Designer
Design is all about observation and idea
generation. Every person in this world
want a DREAM HOME. I always had a
attraction towards wonderful
architecture of the world. I honed my
skills later in this field and made my
career. Today, I want to be proficient in
this field and flourish not only elegant
but useful spaces to help make dreams
of people into reality.
Ritik Panwar
B.VOC in Interior Designing
1st Year Residential Design
Diploma – NSQF Level -5
Dezyne E’Cole
College,Ajmer (2018-2019)
12th CBSE (2018)
St.Stephen’s Senior
Secondary School, Ajmer
Mobile: +91-9829 024 839
Email: dezyneecole@gmail.com
Skills:
•Soft Skills
Communication
Ability to work under
pressure
Leadership
•Hard Skills
Vlogging
Computer Skills
Project Management
Interests:
•Watching videos of Unique Designs
•Participating in Group Projects
•Dancing , Mentoring and Helping
Awards and Honors
•Best Presenter in Identity Exhibition
2018
•Secured Various Positions in
Cultural Activities organized in
College
ABOUT ME
10. Interior design interior design is the art and science of enhancing the
interiors, sometimes including the exterior, of A space or building, to achieve
A healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the end user. An
interior designer is someone who plans, researches, coordinates, and
manages such projects. Interior design is A multifaceted profession that
includes conceptual development, space planning, site inspections,
programming, research, communicating with the stakeholders of A project,
construction management, and execution of the design
Interior Designer Implies That There Is More Of An Emphasis On Planning,
Functional Design And The Effective Use Of Space, As Compared To Interior
Decorator. An Interior Designer Can Undertake Projects That Include
Arranging The Basic Layout Of Spaces Within A Building As Well As Projects
That Require An Understanding Of Technical Issues Such As Window And
Door Positioning, Acoustics, And Lighting. Although An Interior Designer May
Create The Layout Of A Space, They May Not Alter Load-bearing Walls
Without Having Their Designs Stamped For Approval By A Structural Engineer.
Interior Designers Often Work Directly With Architects, Engineers And
Contractors.
Interior Designers Must Be Highly Skilled In Order To Create Interior
Environments That Are Functional, Safe, And Adhere To Building Codes,
Regulations And Ada Requirements. They Go Beyond The Selection Of Colour
Palettes And Furnishings And Apply Their Knowledge To The Development Of
Construction Documents, Occupancy Loads, Healthcare Regulations And
Sustainable Design Principles, As Well As The Management And Coordination
Of Professional Services Including Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing, And Life
Safety—all To Ensure That People Can Live, Learn Or Work In An Innocuous
Environment That Is Also Aesthetically Pleasing
Someone May Wish To Specialize And Develop Technical Knowledge Specific
To One Area Or Type Of Interior Design, Such As Residential Design,
Commercial Design, Hospitality Design, Healthcare Design, Universal Design,
Exhibition Design, Furniture Design, And Spatial Branding. Interior Design Is A
Creative Profession That Is Relatively New, Constantly Evolving, And Often
Confusing To The Public. It Is Not An Artistic Pursuit And Relies On Research
From Many Fields To Provide A Well-trained Understanding Of How People
Are Influenced By Their Environments.
INTERIOR DESIGN
2
Interior Designer
11. 3
Let's understand the work of an Interior Designer :
Interior design as a skill branch
Building engineering was the Pioneer design held out of which many
specialties like architecture, civil engineering and interior designing have
separated. All these skills deal with buildings using many common materials
and techniques. Interior design as a result has certain affinity to architecture.
In recent years many other design skills like urban design, town planning, mass
of public housing, landscape architecture, etc. have emerged from
architecture. In future many other skills may also emerge from interior design.
Buildings and design interventions
A building once constructed is initially readied for occupation by the original
designer. However, buildings last for ages and during the lifespan, must be
altered and updated several times. Architects or building engineers are
unavailable or have no income incentive for such ‘frivolity’. During early
middle ages ,or perhaps even earlier, low-skilled art painters were hired to
paint and decorate old buildings inside and outside. The painters known as
decorators worked along with their Associates to not only paint but undertake
repairs, make furniture and update furnishings. Many crafts person like
ironsmith, guilders, glassblower's, Weavers, embroiders, rug and carpet
makers ,sculptors, model makers were associated with the decorator as
jobbers and suppliers. Later all the services were handled by a person the
interior decorator interior decoration was a service for the building but always
was distinct from architecture of building engineering interior decorator was
neither a variant not subservient to the architect.
Design Studio
The interior designer now operated from a design office or Studio usually
located in a urban area. The studio was used for creating drawings, sketches,
other presentation, models, prototypes, dummies, cartoons, replicas of
artwork in full size samples, etc. It contained samples of materials and
catalogues. The studio was fixed location facility where interior designer was
able to meet clients, suppliers and craft persons.
Design + execution practice
Schematic documentation of design has been very difficult, and the most
irritating aspect of business. Amateur interior designer (formally untrained-
hobbyists) lack the capacity to document their design intentions, so prefer to
work in the site providing oral instructions to contractors or their workers.
12. Forms of interior design practices
Today many different forms of Interior design practices exists ranging from
pure design design only
design supplied
dressing supply execution
Interior design and other design professions
Interior design like any other design profession is an independent profession.
Interior designers work in conjunction with other design professionals who
need interior design contribution in their work such as Architects, building
engineers, landscape designers, furniture and product designers, exhibition,
and event managers. Interior designers also use expertise of other
professionals for their work. These include environmental engineers,
ecologist, furnishing experts, textile designers, painters, sculptors, and an
array of crafts persons.
Specialization in interior design
Interior designers like other professionals also, face a dilemma, should they
Specialize or be a journalist? To become a specialist one needs to limit the
work to projects of particular nature. But it is very difficult to get project
to suit a predefined field of specialization. In reality, as and when
opportunities arise a designer preferences project that builds up the specific
sphere of experience. The refined capability can then be used for handling
similar but Complex jobs.
Opportunities for interior designer
Interior designers get different professional opportunities. In each, the size of
work, responsibilities, nature of compensation, job satisfaction, and scope of
advancement, are different. It is not possible to compare or to evaluate, which
one is superior. A interior sets a personal go and charts the career
Interior designers have variety of fields to employ their skills. One May work
as an independent design professional, as a freelancer, conditional associate,
or as a profit sharing employee in any organization interior designers also
work in many parallel fields such as a product design, prototypes, production
of interior parts and components, maintenance person for interior space and
components, advisor or Consultant for interior design related concepts, and as
administrator for interior related management aspects
Interior designers are sensitive to materials and finishes and so are well
qualified to be conservators, preservers, and renovators of Built spaces.
4
13. Interior designers get different professional opportunities. In each, the size of
work, responsibilities, nature of compensation, job satisfaction, and scope of
advancement, are different. It is not possible to compare or to evaluate,
which one is superior. A interior sets a personal go and charts the career
Interior designers have variety of fields to employ their skills. One May work
as an independent design professional, as a freelancer, conditional associate,
or as a profit sharing employee in any organisation interior designers also
work in many parallel fields such as a product design, prototypes, production
of interior parts and components, maintenance person for interior space and
components, advisor or Consultant for interior design related concepts, and
as administrator for interior related management aspects
Interior designers are sensitive to materials and finishes and so are well
qualified to be conservators, preservers, and renovators of Built spaces.
Interior designers have the competence to mould and manipulate the built
environments and are most suitable persons for reformation and adaptation
(reuse) of redundant buildings.
Reformation skills of interior designers are very much demand. A building is
not only a very costly resource to acquire but would need equal or perhaps
costlier effort to dispose it off. So renovations and alteration help reestablish
old and redundant buildings.
Interior designers have a very important role to play in product design
decisions. Interior products include everything used and housed in an Interior
space like furniture and furnishings, fixtures and Fittings, tools, gadgets,
equipment, etc. With technological developments, interior and building
components are no longer considered to be passive parts but have an active
and participatory role in the building. Utilitarian success of buildings
substantially depends on the furnishings and interior components
Large organisations (hotels, guest houses, corporate head offices, museums,
showrooms, departmental stores) have estates substantially consisting of
buildings, furniture, furnishings, plants, equipment, utilities, Gardens, and
landscape lands. Interior design training today includes design drafting and
presentation technologies in digital media. Interior designers with
competence in computerized drafting (AutoCad), 3D modelling, animation,
Walkthrough, rendering, etc. find employment in many other design fields.
Interior design training consists of colour, rendering, graphics and
presentation techniques, preparing them for the diversion to graphics related
fields, like artwork, advertising, cinematography, exhibitions, publicity, etc.
5
16. RESIDENTIAL DESIGN
Residence is the place where we are living and the house is one’s refuge and
shelter, it is a space where a person relaxes after a day’s hard work and wants
to be charged, fresh, and confident for the next day. All this can be achieved if
he has the house designed as per his needs, that is a space that nurtures a
human being into a more efficient person. This is what is interior design or
design of spaces “where a man does not adjusts in the house but the house
adjusts with the person” very correctly said by a very well-known designer of
the world Le Corbusier (The person behind the design of the city of
Chandigarh), machines for living.
The designers work with the principle of anthropometrics (Human dimensions)
and ergonomics (study of human dimensions to create any design) and space
planning methods to create better living areas.
In Planning process we have a few factors that are kept in mind, such as
aspect, prospect, grouping and space planning, served (Living room) and
servant area (Kitchen), watcher and loner etc. In residential designing a living
room is a place which is called watcher it is based on human nature that
people like to watch or be close to certain incidence. A bedroom is a loner
because a person needs to relax and it is a private room, as said by Louis Kahn.
Planning Consideration
To design any residential area proper planning and brain storming needs to be
done. The planning face of residence is the most important face because this
lead to the development of structure of house based on the shape and form.
The residence design should be planned based on the needs of the person and
it has been seen all human beings requirement and needs are to create extend
similar what we have seen in magazine and book showcasing beautiful images
of decorated room by which a person feels happy to see them. But interior
design is not so easy like the attractive image of the book. The design has to be
functional so that the person can feel the space Express his self at the same
time enjoy the space.
In the India who has a climate which is hot and dry the year and sunshine
brightly the whole year with winter month bring less. It is in this surrounding
that residence of a person access to device a proper interior design one more
see the outside building envelope along with interior space so that we can
achieve the client requirement a room which is sun field makes a person happy
then space which is dull and dark.
8
18. CASE STUDY
You are supposed to make a plan of a house for your client Mr. Arora on a land
of size 56’6” x 40’ (L x B) and its Sq. Ft. Area as 2259.5.
There are 6 members in his family , He (44) , His Wife (42) , Two Children (19
and 21) and Grand Parents (80 and 83).
The family is having a good lifestyle and is upper class living
Apart from the basic needs of the house Mr. Arora asked for certain areas for
the house which are as under :
• Combined Living Room with Dining And Kitchen
• Balcony with Living Room
• Sit out at the entrance
9
19. RESEARCH
03
ANALYSIS
BUILDING CLIMATOLOGY
Map of Rajasthan
Map of Ajmer
Macro Climate
Micro Climate
Orientation
Bioclimatic Design
Map of India
Location of Site
Green Building Design
LEED Certification
Daylight
Ventilation
20. BUILDING CLIMATOLOGY
Climatology is the branch which deals with the climate and the changes
throughout the year of the weather. The design, execution and success of a
project mainly depends on the environmental factors enclosing the building
and affecting its affecting the internal and external environment as well as the
inhabitants. Began with a factor of climate of this places.
10
21. Located In The Continent Of Asia, India Covers 2,973,193 Square Kilometers Of
Land And 314,070 Square Kilometers Of Water, Making It The 7th Largest
Nation In The World With A Total Area Of 3,287,263 Square Kilometers. India
Lies On The Indian Plate, The Northern Portion Of The Indo Australian Plate,
Whose Continental Crust Forma The Indian Subcontinent. The Country Is
Situated North Of The Equator Between 8°4͛ And 37°6͛north Latitude And 68°7͛
And 97°25͛ East Longitude. It Is The Seventh Largest Country In The World.
MAP OF INDIA
11
22. MAPOFRAJASTHAN
India's Largest State In Area, Located In The Western Side Of The Country.
Western Rajasthan Is Relatively Dry And Infertile And Southern Part Is Wetter.
Hilly And Fertile. On Average Winter Temperature Ranges From 8° – 28° C And
Summer Temperature 25°- 46°c. Longitude- 69° E To 78° E Latitude- 23° N To
30° N
12
23. MAP OF AJMER
My Site Is Located In Ajmer City Of Rajasthan. Ajmer Has A Typical Desert
Climate And Hot And Arid With Maximum Temperature Near 40° C While
Minimum Is 28° C Winters Are Chilly With Minimum Temperature Of 10° C
Temperature Ranges From 28° C - 40° C. In Ajmer My Site Is Located In Civil
Lines.
13
24. LOCATION OF SITE
Location of the site, site analysis, site and its surroundings are first undertaken.
Whenever we do planning of a house, it is very important to see the location
of the plot as to where it is located, and the surroundings of that plot.
SAVITRI
COLLEGE
R.T.D.C Residential
Area
PLOT AJMER
HOSPITAL
TO BUS STAND
14
25. DISTANCE FROM MAJOR LANDMARKS SUCH AS:
• Distance from Railway Station 1200m
• Distance from Bus Stand 650m
• Shopping centers 1.2km
• Railway Stations 2.5km
• Hospital 350km
• Bus stand 1km
• Dimensions of the site 54’x 50’
15
26. MACRO CLIMATE
• Climate and Temperature of Ajmer :
• Ajmer has a typical desert climate and hot and arid
• Summers are hot with maximum temperature near 40ºc while
minimum is nearly 28ºc
• Winters are Chilly with minimum temperature of 5ºc
• Longitude of Ajmer 74º42 North
• Latitude of Ajmer 26º27 East
16
27. MICRO CLIMATE
Setting and site layout followed by landscaping can improve the micro climate
around a building, taking advantage of existing, topographical feature adjacent
buildings and solar vegetation for solar protection. Good site layout can also
take greater advantage of local breezes by the formation of air funnels and
natural ventilation the presence of water and vegetation on the site can also
be used for natural cooling.
Micro Climate Zone
17
28. ORIENTATION
Orientation of the building is generally used to refer solar orientation which is
the setting of building with respect of Sun.
The building orientation can have an impact of heating, lighting, and cooling
costs by maximum Southern exposure for example one can take advantage of
the sun for daylight and control passive solar heating this will result in lower
electricity cost.
WINTER SUMMER
South
East
Acceptable
Quadrant of
Windows
Orientation
Winter
sunSummer
sun
Intense
sun
Preferred
zone for
building
orientation
North
West
Total Shade
18
29. Good Orientation, Combined With Other Energy Efficiency Features, Can
Reduce Or Even Eliminate The Need For Auxiliary Heating And Cooling,
Resulting In Lower Energy Bills, Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions And
Improved Comfort. It Takes Account Of Summer And Winter Variations In The
Sun’s Path As Well As The Direction And Type Of Winds, Such As Cooling
Breezes. Before Planning Any Space We First Check The Orientation Of The
Site. We Check The Orientation By Placing A Compass In The Center Of The
Plot And The Directions Are Noted.
North
South
West East
1) Storage
2) Other area
3) Garden area
Set Back
1) Staircase
2) Corridors
3) storage
S
E
T
B
A
C
K
S
E
T
B
A
C
K
1) Living room
2) Kitchen
3) Dining
Set Back
1) Bedroom
2) Bathroom
3) Kitchen
Covered
Area
Main
Entrance
19
30. BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
Environmental Design Aims To Minimize The Negative Environmental Impact
Of Buildings By Using Less Energy And Fewer Limited Resources, Eliminating
Pollution, Employing Reusable Materials And Efficient Use Of Space. Concepts,
Known As Sustainable, Vernacular, Bioclimatic Architecture, Involve
Minimizing Heat Gain By The Building, Minimizing Solar Heating Of The
Envelope And Solar Penetration Through Windows And So On. In Bioclimatic
Architecture, The Building Does Not Serve Only As A Shelter, But Becomes A
System Seeking For Beneficial Conditions With Minimal Consumption Of Fossil
Energy. From This Aspect, Architecture Is Environmental Architecture,
Consuming From The Natural Resources Of The Environment The Necessary
Minimum, Without Affecting It All. Moreover, The Amount Of Energy Use In A
Building Is A Direct Result Of The Climate, The Building's Use And The
Building's Form. One Of The Most Important Things In Building Energy
Efficiency Is The Climate You Are Designing. Without Knowing The
Temperature, Solar Radiation, Wind Velocity, Etc., It Is Not Possible To Design
A Building That Is Energy Efficient Without Being Wasteful Of Resources.
20
31. BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN STRATEGIES
In winter, the objectives of bioclimatic design are to resist loss of heat from
the building envelope and to promote gain of solar heat. In summer (or
overheated periods), these objectives are the reverse, to resist solar gain and
to promote loss of heat from the building interior. The strategies can be set
forth as:
1) Minimize conductive heat flow.
This strategy is achieved by using insulation. It is effective when the outdoor
temperature is significantly different, either lower or higher than the interior
comfort range. In summer, this strategy should be considered whenever
ambient temperatures are within or above the comfort range and where
natural cooling strategies cannot be relied upon to achieve comfort.
2) Delay periodic heat flow.
While the insulation value of building materials is well understood, it is not as
widely appreciated that building envelope materials also can delay heat flows
that can be used to improve comfort and to lower energy costs. Time lag
through masonry walls, for example, can delay the days thermal impact until
evening and is A particularly valuable technique in hot arid climates with wide
day-night temperature variations. Techniques of earth sheltering and berming
also exploit the long-lag effect of subsurface construction.
3) Minimize infiltration.
Infiltration refers to uncontrolled air leakage around doors and windows and
through joints, cracks, and faulty seals in the building envelope.
Infiltration(and the resulting exfiltration of heated or cooled air) is considered
the largest and potentially the most intractable source of energy loss in A
building, once other practical insulation measures have been taken.
4) Provide thermal storage
thermal mass inside of the insulated envelope is critical to dampening the
swings in air temperature and in storing heat in winter and as a heatsink in
summer.
5) Promote solar gain.
The sun can provide A substantial portion of winter heating energy through
elements such as equatorial-facing windows and greenhouses, and other
passive solar techniques which use spaces to collect, store, and transfer solar
heat.
6) Minimize external air flow.
Winter winds increase the rate of heat loss from A building by washing away
heat and thus accelerating the cooling of the exterior envelope surfaces by
conduction, and also by increasing infiltration (or more properly,
exfiltration)losses. Siting and shaping A building to minimize wind exposure or
providing wind breaks can reduce the impact of such winds.
21
32. 7) Promote ventilation
Cooling by air flow through an interior may be propelled by two natural
processes, cross-ventilation (wind driven) and stack-effect ventilation (driven
by the buoyancy of heated air even in the absence of external wind pressure).
A fan (using photovoltaic for fan power) can be an efficient way to augment
natural ventilation cooling in the absence of sufficient wind or stack-pressure
differential.
8) Minimize solar gain
The best means for ensuring comfort from the heat of summer is to minimize
the effects of the direct sun by shading windows from the sun, or otherwise
minimizing the building surfaces exposed to summer sun, by use of radiant
barriers and by insulation.
9) Promote radiant cooling.
A building can lose heat effectively if the mean radiant temperature of the
materials at its outer surface is greater than that of its surroundings
principally the night sky. The mean radiant temperature of the building
surface is determined by the intensity of solar irradiation, the material surface
(film coefficient) and by the emissivity of its exterior surface (its ability to emit
or re-radiate heat). This contributes only marginally, if the building envelope is
well insulated.
10) Promote evaporative cooling
Sensible cooling of a building interior can be achieved by evaporating
moisture into the incoming air stream (or, if an existing roof has little
insulation, by evaporative cooling the exterior envelope such as by a roof
spray.) These simple and traditional techniques are most useful in hot-dry
climates if water is available for mechanically assisted evaporative cooling is
economizer-cycle evaporative cooling system, conjunction with refrigerant air
conditioning. Controlled usage.
22
33. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN
Green building as A concept has become popular in recent years arising out of
concerns of unsustainability and climate change. In this era of climate change
becoming more evident with each year, the concept of green building is
premised on being energy and resource efficient from its inception to
manifestation; in order to minimize environmental and energy consumption
costs. Although, the concept of green building may seem new, but the
practice has been done since many centuries in india in the form of white
roofs of jaisalmer to rain water harvesting methods of baolis (step- wells),
hauz (water reservoir) and tals (lakes) in numerous old forts and palaces of
india. Even in contemporary india, many sustainable techniques are being
promoted by the government of india in synchronization with state
governments, for instance in the case of installing rain water harvesting
systems on roofs of individual houses in order to get house completion
certificates in haryana or using solar water heaters and panels to fulfil energy
needs and so on.
23
34. Energy efficiency and use of renewable sources of energy are also promoted
in industrial buildings as well by giving subsidies in the form of tax relaxations.
A green building must be in synchronization with its environment and
specifically with its local climatic regime because if this is not the case, then
the added temperature controlling mechanisms will render the building non-
green and unsustainable as it would consume energy to regulate an adequate
temperature regime within the confines of the building. In such A scenario,
the important role is played by the design of the building and the construction
material because if either of them is not in synchronization with the
immediate environment, then the building will render itself to be
unsustainable. Green buildings are the need of the hour because they will
help reduce our ecological footprint by adapting to the existing climate and
helping us to mitigate the effects of climate change to A considerable level.
GREEN
BUILDING
ENERGY
INDOOR
AIR
QUALITY
MATERIALS
SITE WATER
24
35. LEED CERTIFICATION
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most
popular green building certification programs used worldwide. Developed by
the non-profit U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) it includes a set of rating
systems for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of green
buildings, homes, and neighbourhood that aims to help building owners and
operators be environmentally responsible and use resources efficiently.
Certification level:
Buildings can qualify for four levels of certification:
Certified: 40–49 points
Silver: 50-59 points
Gold: 60-79 points
Platinum: 80 points and above
Goal of the credit system:
The LEED 2009 performance credit system aims to allocate points "based on
the potential environmental impacts and human benefits of each credit."
These are weighed using the environmental impact categories of the United
States Environmental Protection Agency’s Tools for the Reduction and
Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI). and the
environmental-impact weighting scheme developed by the National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Energy &
Atmosphere
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
Innovation &
Design
Materials &
Resources
Sustainable
Sites
Water
Efficiency
25
36. DAYLIGHT
Using day lighting to design a space for use of maximum natural light is the
most important element in any home. If we close our eyes and walk into a
room that is how are interior design look without light. The most important
aspect of day lighting is its capacity to change, leading to the infinite variety in
appearance of the daylight interior.
The objective to design a window is to provide as much of the indoor lighting
requirement with day lighting without compromising other Energy Efficiency
considerations.
The Importance of orientation must be considered in a building to ensure
maximum availability of natural light and sunlight to the interiors
“Any view is better than no view”, the view outside from the window in our
contact with the world outside allows us to experience the time of day,
changes in weather, sunlight and Seasons.
The day lighting concept can be taken up as:
• If the window is tall and narrow, it will provide Daylight.
• If the window is short and wide, it will provide View.
Window is tall and
narrow
Window is short and
wide
26
37. A House Filled With Sunlight Is Cheery, Warm And Inviting. Throughout The
Day, The Sun Marks Time, Subtly Changing The Colour And Shape Of Rooms.
Like Water And Fire, Sunlight Is An Elemental Part Of Our Existence—and A
Fundamental Component Of Green Design. Buildings With Abundant Daylight
Help Keep Us Physically And Emotionally Healthy. They Also Reduce The Need
To Turn On Electric Lights During The Day, Cutting Lighting Energy
Consumption By 50 To 80 Percent According To The U.S. Green Building
Council.
Many Factors Are Involved With The Use Of Daylight In Buildings:
1) Aesthetics: The Play Of Light From Windows On The Surfaces And
Textures Casting Interesting Shadows; The Endless Variety Of Mood And
Appearances Due To The Movement Of The Sun.
2) Psychological Response: The Sense Of Well Being Associated With
Daylight And The Sense Of Orientation That Comes With Being Connected
With The Exterior.
3) Health: Improved Resistance To Infections, Skin Disorders And
Cardiovascular Impairments
4) Energy And Cost: Reduction In Use Of Electricity And Related Use Of Air
Conditioning Loads.
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39. VENTILATION
Ventilation may be defined as supply of fresh air into an enclosed space or the
removal of inside air from the enclosed space. In other words, ventilation is
the removal of all vitiated air from a building and its replacement with fresh
air. Ventilation may be achieved either by natural or artificial (or mechanical)
means.
In a room air exchange takes place minimum one time and maximum 60
times
The rate of natural ventilation depends on two effects:
• Wind effect
• Stack effect
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40. Importance Of Ventilation:
1. Ventilation Is Critical To Home Comfort. Proper Ventilation Prevents Air
Pollutants From Affecting The Health Of You And Your Family.
2. Not Only That, Having Airflow In Your Home Can Get Rid Of Any
Unwanted Smells, Such As From Cooking Or Pets.
3. It Is Also Good To Have An Airflow That Is Uninterrupted, As Anything
Blocking The Air Flow In Your Home Can Cause Damage To Both Your
Home And Your Health.
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41. WIND EFFECT
It refers to the flow of external air to an indoor space as A result of pressure
differences arising from natural forces. Wind driven ventilation arises from the
different pressures created by wind around A building or structure, and
openings being formed on the perimeter which then permit flow through the
building. Wind driven ventilation can be classified as cross ventilation and
single- sided ventilation. Wind driven ventilation depends on wind behavior ,
on the interactions with the building envelope and on openings or other air
exchange devices such as inlets or chimneys.
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42. STACK EFFECT
Stack effect is the movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flue
gas stacks, or other containers, resulting from air buoyancy. Buoyancy occurs
due to A difference in indoor-to-outdoor air density resulting from
temperature and moisture differences. The result is either A positive or
negative buoyancy force. The greater the thermal difference and the height of
the structure, the greater the buoyancy force, and thus the stack effect. The
stack effect is also referred to as the "chimney effect", and it helps drive
natural ventilation, infiltration, and fires
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43. PLANNING
05
PROCESS
Opening in Space
Wall Planes
Approach
Stairs
Anthropometrics
Ergonomics
Building Byelaws
Circulation
Universal Design
Planning Papers
Architectural Layouts
44. BUILDING BYE-LAWS
A bye law is A local law framed by A subordinate authority. The building codes
or bye-laws are defined as the standards and specifications designed to great
minimum safeguards to the workers during construction; to the health and
comfort of users; and to provide enough safety to the public in general.
The Bye-laws Govern The Following Aspects:
1) Set Back Or Building Line.
2) Floor Space Index Or Built Up Area.
3) Open Space Requirements Around The Building.
4) Size Of The Rooms.
5) Height Of The Rooms And Building.
6) Lightning And Ventilation Of Rooms.
7) Water Supply And Sanitary Provisions.
8) Structural Design Or Sizes And Sections.
10’
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45. Building bye laws consists of certain rules and regulations framed by the
municipal or town planning or Urban Development board to control the
development of area under is jurisdiction and better town planning.
1) The minimum set backs to be left in a building should be from front 10’
from both the side and back 3’ to 5’.
2) Number of stories and number of dwelling units.
3) Parking standards, lighting and ventilation of room.
4) Distances from electric lines and structural safety requirement.
5) Size and height of room and other requirements of the building.
6) Fire protection requirements like fire proof door, emergency alarm
system, fire pump, fire lift and fire resistant materials.
7) Building services which include electrical installation, air conditioning,
heating and pumping system Etc.
S
E
T
B
A
C
K
S
E
T
B
A
C
K
Parking
Set Back
Built-Up Area
Top PlanEntrance
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46. LOUIS KAHN PRINCIPLES
The Principles Says That Every Human Has A Personality That Consists Of One
Or More Characteristics Like Wise, Rooms Also Have Different Personality And
They Work Accordingly.
Following Are The Principles Laid Down By Louis Kahn:
1. Leader- Living Room
2. Grouping – Living, Kitchen, Dining
3. Loner- Master Bedroom
4. Servant- Powder Room
5. Watcher- Living Room
6. Outreaching- Living Room
7. Worker- Kitchen
1) Leader: Leader Means A Person Who Leads And Forms Any Group Of
Followers. While Doing Space Planning, Living Room Can Be Characterized
As A Leader.
2) Grouping: The Space Carrying The Same Character With Other Spaces Is
Called Grouping. During Space Planning Kitchen. Dining And Living Room
Must Be Grouped Together As These Spaces Are Related To Each Other.
3) Loner: Loner Is A Space Which Requires More Privacy Of Sight And Sound
And Avoids Social Interactions. This Characteristic Must Be In Master
Bedroom, So It Is Kept Isolated.
4) Servant: The Space That Serves Other Spaces In Someway That Needs To
Be Adjacent To Them But Prefer Not To Appeal Visually. Servant Is The
Powder Room, Which In Space Planning Must Be Situated Near The
Kitchen, Living And Dining And Must Not Be Seen.
5) Watcher: This Type Of Character Causes A Space To Locate Beside The
Boundary Of The Project For Attractions In The Environment. The
Attractions Can Be A Garden, A Water Body Etc.
6) Outreaching: The Space With This Character Is Located Near The Entrance
Or Corridor For Meeting. This Type Of Space Represents The Welcoming
Space.
7) Worker: The Space That Often Supplies To Other Spaces Is Called As A
Worker. It Is Not Necessary That The Space Should Be Adjacent To The
Other Space. A Service Area Usually Has A Worker Character.
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47. OPENINGS IN SPACE
Within Planes:
An opening can be located
wholly within A wall or ceiling
plane and be surrounded on all
sides by the surface of the plane
Centered Skylight
Grouped Off-centered Deep-set
At Corners:
An opening can be located
along one edge or at A corner of
A wall or ceiling plane. In either
case, the opening will be at A
corner of A space.
Turning Corner
Along two edges Along one edgeSkylight
Grouped
36
48. Between Planes:
An opening can extend vertically
between the floor and ceiling
planes or horizontally between
two wall planes. It can grow in
size to occupy an entire wall of
space.
Vertical Horizontal
¾ Opening Window Wall Skylight
Multiple openings may be
clustered to form A unified
composition within A plane or be
staggered or dispersed to create
visual movement along the
surface of the plane.
An opening increase in some
point within size, it A plane will
at cease to be A figure within an
enclosing field and become
instead A positive element in
itself, A transparent plane
bounded by A heavy frame.
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49. If located at corner, A vertical opening
will erode the definition of the space
and allow it to extend beyond the
corner of the adjacent space. It will
also allow incoming light to wash the
surface of the wall plane
perpendicular to it and articulate the
primacy of that plane in space.
Turning A Corner With A Horizontal
Opening Reinforces The Horizontal
Layering Of A Space And Broadens The
Panoramic View From Within The
Space. If The Opening Continuous
Around The Space, It Will Visually Lift
The Ceiling Plane From The Wall
Planes, Isolate It, And Give It A Feeling
Of Lightness.
Locating A Linear Skylight Along The
Edge Where A Wall And Ceiling Plane
Meet Allows Incoming Light To Wash
The Surface Of The Wall, Illuminate It,
And Enhance The Brightness Of The
Space. The Form Of The Skylight Can
Be Manipulated To Capture Direct
Sunlight, Indirect Daylight Or A
Combination Of Both.
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50. WALL PLANES
Vertical Linear Elements:
Vertical linear elements define
the perpendicular edges of a
volume of space.
Single Vertical Plane:
A single vertical plane is
articulates the space on which
it fronts
L shaped Plane:
An L shaped configuration of
vertical planes generates a
field of space from its corner
outward along a diagonal axis.
Parallel Plane:
Two parallel vertical planes
define a volume of space
between them that is oriented
axially towards both open ends
of the configuration.
Top
Plan
Top
Plan
Top
Plan
Top
Plan
Isometric
View
Isometric
View
Isometric
View
Isometric
View
Front
View
Front
View
Front
View
Front
View
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51. U-shaped Plane:
A u-shaped configuration of
vertical planes defines A volume
of space that is oriented
primarily towards the open end
of the configuration.
Four Planes:
Closure: four vertical planes
establish the boundaries of an
introverted space and influence
the field of space around the
enclosure.
If A void is introduced to one side
of the corner of configuration,
definition of the field will be
weakened. The two planes will
be isolated from each other and
one will appear to slide by and
visually dominate the other.
If neither the planes extends to
the corner, the field will become
more dynamic and organize itself
along the diagonal of the
configuration.
Top
Plan
Top
Plan
Top
Plan
Top
Plan
Isometric
View
Isometric
View
Isometric
View
Isometric
View
Front
View
Front
View
Front
View
Front
View
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52. Parallel Vertical Planes:
A Pair Of Parallel Vertical Planes
Defines A Field Of Space
Between Them. The Open Ends
Of The Field Established By The
Vertical Edges Of Plane Give The
Space A Strong Directional
Quality.
The Definition Of Spatial Field
Along The Open Ends Of The
Configuration Can Be Visually
Reinforced By Manipulating The
Base Plane Or Adding Elements
To The Composition.
The Spatial Field Can Be
Expanded The Base The Open By
Extending Plane Ends Beyond Of
The This Configuration. Expanded
Field Can In Turn Be Terminated
By Vertical Plane Whose Width
And Height Is Equal To That Of
Field.
If One Of The Parallel Planes Is
Differential From The Other By Change
In Form, Color Or Texture, A Secondary
Axis, Perpendicular To The Flow Of
Space, Will Be Established Within The
Field.
Top
Plan
Isometric
View
Front
View
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53. CIRCULATION
Approach
The distant View
Entrance
From outside to inside
Configuration
The Distant view
Path space relationship
Edges, nodes and
terminations of path.
Form of the Circulation
Space
Corridors, halls, galleries,
stairways and Rooms
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54. APPROACH
Oblique:
An oblique approach enhances
the effect of perspective on the
front façade and form of A
building. The path can be
redirected one or more times to
delay and prolong the sequence
of the approach. If A building is
approached at an extreme angle,
its entrance can project beyond
its façade to be more clearly
visible.
Frontal:
A frontal approach leads directly
to the entrance of A building
along A straight, axial path. The
visual goal that terminates the
approach is clear, it may be
entire front façade of A building
or an elaborated entrance within
the plane.
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55. Spiral:
A spiral path prolongs the
sequence of the approach and
emphasizes the three dimensional
form of A building as we move
around its perimeter. The building
entrance might be viewed
intermittently during the approach
to clarify its position or it may be
hidden until the point of arrival.
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56. ENTRANCES
Entering A building, A room within
A building or A defined field of
exterior space, involves the act of
penetrating A vertical plane that
distinguishes one space from
another and separates ͚here͛
from ͚there͛
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57. The act of entering can be signified in
more subtle way than punching A hole
in A wall. It may be A passage through
an implied plane established by two
pillars or an overhead beam. In
situation where greater visuals and
spatial continuity between two spaces
is desired, even A change in level can
established A threshold and mark the
passage from one place to another.
Entrance with two
pillars
Entrance with pillars
and Overhead Beam
Level up Entrance
46
58. Entrance may be grouped formally into
the following categories: Flush,
projected and recessed.
A Flush entrance maintains the
continuity of the surface of A wall and
can be, if desired, deliberately
obscured.
A Projected entrance forms A
transitional space announces its the
approach and function to provides
overhead shelter.
A Recessed entrance also provides
shelter and receives A portion of
exterior space into the realm of
building.
Flush Entrance
Projected Entrance
Recessed Entrance
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59. STAIRS
A stair is defined as A sequence of steps and it is provided to afford the
means of ascent and descent between the floors or landings. The apartment
or room of A building, in which the stair is located, is known as staircase and
the opening or space occupied by the stair is known as stairway.
The other means of transportation between the floors of a building, apart
from stairs are lifts, ramps and moving stairs.
Handrail
Landing
Tread
Riser
Newel Post
Baluster
Isometric view
Riser
Waist
Side elevation
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60. ANTHROPOMETRICS
Anthropometry refers to the measurement of the human individual. An early
tool of physical anthropology, it has been used for identification, for the
purposes of understanding human physical variation, in paleo anthropology
and in various attempts to correlate physical with racial and psychological
traits. Anthropometry involves the systematic measurement of the physical
properties of the human body, primarily dimensional descriptors of body size
and shape. Today, anthropometry plays an important role in industrial design,
clothing design, ergonomics and architecture where statistical data about the
distribution of body dimensions in the population are used to optimize
products. Changes in lifestyles, nutrition, and ethnic composition of
populations lead to changes in the distribution of body dimensions (E.G. The
rise in obesity), and require regular updating of anthropometric data
collections
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61. ERGONOMICS
Human factors and ergonomics, also known as comfort design, functional
design, and systems, is the practice of designing products, systems, or
processes to take proper account of the interaction between them and the
people who use them. The field has seen some contributions from numerous
disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, biomechanics, industrial design,
physiology, and anthropometry. In essence, it is the study of designing
equipment, devices and processes that fit the human body and its cognitive
abilities. The two terms "human factors" and "ergonomics" are essentially
synonymous. Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline
concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other
elements of A system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data
and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall
system performance
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62. UNIVERSAL DESIGN
Universal design refers to ideas meant to produce buildings, products and
environments that are inherently accessible to older people, people without
disabilities, and people with disabilities. Universal design emerged from
slightly earlier barrier-free concepts, the broader accessibility movement, and
adaptive and assistive technology and also seeks to blend aesthetics into
these core considerations. As life expectancy rises and modern medicine
increases the survival rate of those with significant injuries, illnesses, and
birth defects, there is A growing interest in universal design. There are many
industries in which universal design is having strong market penetration but
there are many others in which it has not yet been adopted to any great
extent. Universal design is also being applied to the design of technology,
instruction, services, and other products and environments.
Making design accessible to everyone in the society
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65. CONCLUSION
During my 1st Year of Residential Design Programme I learnt many things. I
have gained knowledge theoretically as well as practically.
These are the concepts that I have learnt:
Elements of Design
Space Planning
Principles Of Design
Anthropometrics
Ergonomics
Building Bye-laws
Louis Kahn Principles
My Residential Plan Features all the above points, these helped me in
Improving my skills.
I Have Tried My Level Best To Bring Out The Best Of My Knowledge Gained At
Dezyne E’cole College.
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66. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Inside outside (2018 Collection)
Google
Building Construction (Rangwala)
Bo Concept
Ligne Roset
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