1. LIGHTING DESIGN
Submitted By:
Neha Vyas
B.Sc.-Interior Design
dezyne e’cole college
INTERIOR
DESIGN

2.  Color temperature is a characteristic of visible light. In practice, color temperature is only
meaningful for light sources that do in fact correspond somewhat closely to the radiation
of some black body.
 The color temperature of the electromagnetic radiation emitted form an ideal black body
is defined as its surface temperature in KELVINS.
 Color temperatures over 5,000K are called cool colors (bluish white), while lower color
temperatures (2,700-3,000 K) are called warm colors (yellowish white through red).
COLOR TEMPERATURE OUTDOOR / INDOOR

3. COLOR TEMPERATURE:
-Defined as the tone of light or how the light looks in terms of whiteness
-Higher the color temperature = whiter/cooler the light source
-Unit measurement = kelvin (K)
COLOR TEMPERATURE OUTDOOR / INDOOR

6. The color rendering index (CRI), sometimes called color rendition index, is a
quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colors of various
objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.
Color rendering: Effect of an illuminant on the color appearance of objects by
conscious or subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a reference
illuminant.
Finishes should be evaluated under the type of lamp (lamp and/or daylight) which will
actually be used in the interiors.
Color rendition depends on lamp color spectrum, reflective property of surfaces and
context and condition in room.
Judgment of apparent surface color depends also on the experience and expectations
of and individual with normal color vision.

7. Color Temperature in Kelvin (K) Degrees
Warm White Cool White Daylight
How does Color Temperature affect the appearance of a room?

8. Light fixture is integral part of building electrical system,
transforming energy into usable illumination.
Light fixture requires: electrical connection (power
supply), lamp holder, lamp (design to diffuse, reflect,
focus light).
Form of lighting fixture, lighting source, light illumination:
point sources, linear sources, planar sources, volumetric
sources.
LIGHTING FIXTURES

9. An assembly used to house one or more light sources. Also called lighting fixture.
LIGHTING LUMINAIRE

10. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES
 Recessed
 Ceiling Mounted
 Track Mounted
 Wall Mounted
 Suspended
 Architectural
 Portable
 Pole Mounted
 Bollard
 Outdoor
 Wall washer
 Floor washer
 Up Lighter
 Down Lighter

11. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES
Suspended
luminaire
Bollard
luminaire
Wall
mounted
Recessed
luminaire
Track
mounted
luminaire
Floor
mounted
Decorative
luminaire
Portable
luminaire

12. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES
Ceiling Mounted

13. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES
Wall Washer

14. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES
Up Lighter

15. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES
Down Lighter

16. Architectural lighting

17. Bollard

18. POLE LIGHTING

19. PORTABLE LIGHTING

20. SUSPENDED LIGHTING

21. TRACK LIGHTING

22. CATEGORIES OF LUMINAIRES

23. POINT LIGHT SOURCE
FOCUS ON OBJECT OR AREA GREAT
BRIGHTNESS CONTRAST HIGHLIGHT,
SPARKLE OR RHYTHM

24. LINEAR LIGHT SOURCE

25. PLANER LIGHT SOURCE
SURFACE
REPETEAD LINEAR
DIFFUSED ILLUMINAITON
OF AREA

26. VOLUMETRIC LIGHT SOURCE
LIGHT AS VOLUMETRIC
ILLUMINATION EXPANDED
THROUGH TREE-DIMENTIONAL
FORMS OF LAMPS

27. Types of Lighting
 GENRAL LIGHT

28. Types of Lighting
 ASSENT LIGHT

29. Types of Lighting
 DECORATIVE LIGHTING

30. Types of Lighting
 TASK LIGHTING

31. Types of Lighting
 KINATIC

32. Artificial Light Sources
• Incandescent Lamps
• Fluorescent Lamps
• High – intensity Discharge Lamps
• Mercury Lamps
• Metal Halide Lamps
• High Pressure Sodium Lamps
• Low Pressure Sodium Lamps
• Electrode less Lamps
• Compact arc xenon & Mercury Lamps
• Electroluminescent Lamps
• Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
• Carbon arc Lamps
• Gaslights

33. INCANDESCENT LAMP
WHAT?
HOTWIRE – FILAMENT SEALED
IN A
GLASS JAR (BULB)
HOW?
ELECTRIC CURRENT PASS
THROUGH
THE WIRE HEATS IT TO
INCANDESCENCE, AND THE
WIRE EMITS LIGHT. USE
STANDARD VOLTAGE CIRCUIT.

34. INCANDESCENT LAMP
Inside the glass is a gas
such as argon and/or
nitrogen. At the center of
the lamp is a tungsten
filament. Electricity heats
this filament up to about
2,500 degrees Celsius.
Just like any hot metal,
the tungsten gets “white
hot” at that heat and
emits a great deal of
visible light in a process
called incandescence.

35. INCANDESCENT LAMP
1. GLASS BULB
2. VACUME OR GAS
FILLED
3. WIRE/FILAMENT
4.5. LEAD-IN WIRES
6. SUPPORT WIRES
7. NECK
8.11.ELECTRIC FUSE
6. BASE

36. INCANDESCENT LAMP
ADVANTAGES:
1. LESS EXPENSIVE
2. EASIER TO DIM WITH RHEOSTATS
3. WARMER COLOR THAN FLUORESCENT
AND THUNGSTEN-HALOGEN LAMPS
4. LIGHT OUTPUT IS RELATIVELY HIGH
5. EXCELENT COLOR REDERING
6. CAN BE DIMMED
DISADVANTAGES:
1. ENERGY INEFFICIENT
2. SHORT LAMP LIFE TIME
3. WARM SOURCE

37. INCANDECENT LAMP
SHAPE OF LAMPS:
AROUND 100 COMBINATIONS OF GLASS AND QUAERZ BULB
SHAPES AND SIZES.
SYMBOLS:
1ST PART = ONE OR MORE LETTERS IDNDICATES THE SHAPE OF BULB
2ND PART = NUMBER, INDICATES DIAMETER OF THE BULB IN EIGHTS OF AN
INCH
EXAMPLE:A19 = ARBITRARY SHAPED, 19/8 INCH DIAMETER

38. INCANDECENT LAMP

39. BASE IDENTIFICATION:
1. SMALL BASE: BAYONET, BIPIN, CANDELABRA, INTERMEDIATE,
MINIATURE, MINI-CANDELABRA, TWIST-AND-LOCK, TWO-PIN
2. MEDIUM BASE
3. LARGE BASE: MOGUL SCREW, MOGUL BIPOST
INCANDECENT LAMP

40. INCANDECENT LAMP

42. LAMP LIFE TIME:
1. STANDARD-LIFE LAMP: High temperature for the filament to operates, emits more light,
shorter life time – “burns out”
2. LONG-LIFE LAMP: Given wattage produces less light, designed for longer life
LAMP EFFICIENCY=
LIGHT OUTPUT: INSERT GAS (ARGON,NITOGEN, KRYPTON) SLOWS BULB
BLACKENING CAUSED BY CONDENSATION ON THE BUMB WALL
INCANDECENT LAMP

43. BULBS ARE SOLD BY WATTS – MEASURE OF POWER CONSUMED
LUMENS TELLS HOW MUCH LIGHT LAMP EMITS
HOURS PF OPERATION IS PRODUCTIVE LIFE – TIME (750 - 1000H, UP TO F2500H FOR
EXTENDED SERVICE LAMPS)
ENERGY SAVING LAMPS – REDUCED WATTAGE, REDUCED LIGHT OUTPUT
INCANDECENT LAMP

44. INCANDECENT LAMP
LAMP TYPES:
1. NON DIRECTIONAL (emits light in all directions – A, C, G, P, PS, S and
T shapes, requires additional external elements for brightness, glare
and distribution control)
2. SEMI DIRECTIONAL (silver bowl or white bowl lamps, coating on
inner side of bulb, reduce filament glare)
3. DIRECTIONAL (complete optical systems: source, reflector, lens or
filament shield, R, AR, MR, PAR built-in beam control)

45. INCANDECENT LAMP

46. INCANDECENT LAMP
 SEMI DIRECTIONAL

47. INCANDECENT LAMP
DIRECTIONAL
Left: R reflector lamp
with soft glass bulb
and ellipsoid reflector
with moderate
focusing power.
Right: PAR reflector
lamp with pressed
glass bulb and
powerful parabolic
reflector
R lamp PAR lamp

48. INCANDECENT LAMP

49. WHAT?
SELECTED GAS OF THE HALOGEN FAMILY
HOW?
HALOGEN GAS COMBINES WITH TUNGSTEN
MOLECULES THAT SPUTTER OF THE FILAMENT
DEPOSITS TUNGSTEN BACK ON THE FILAMENT
AND FILAMENT AND EMITSCONSTANT LEVEL
OF LIGHT
TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

50. TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN
A halogen bulb has a filament made of
Tungsten, which glows when electricity is
applied, same as a regular incandescent bulb.
The halogen gas removes the carbon deposits
on the inside of the bulb, caused by the
burning of the tungsten filament, and
redeposit it back on the filament, resulting in
a light bulb which can be burned at a higher

51. TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN
HIGH OPERATING
TEMPERATURE
(500C), HIGH
COLOR
TEMPERATURE
QUARTZ INSTEAD
OF GLASS
EQUIPED WITH
OUTER BULB,
GLASS COVER,
MESH SCREEN

52. TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN
ADVANTAGES:
1. HIGH COLOR TEMPERATURE MAKE THEM
“WHITER” THAT STANDARD INCANDESCENT
LAMPS
2. LONGER LIFE TIME
3. GREAT EFFICIENCY
4. COMPACT IN SHAPE AND SIZE
They come in many shapes and sizes, some
directional others not, some quite small others
the size of regular bulbs, some fit into normal
sockets other require special sockets and voltages
to work.

53. TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN
There are many different types of (single ended) TH lamp, the most common ones are
the G9 capsule lamp, GU10 spot lamp and linear halogen lamps which are all domestic
mains voltage, and G4 capsule lamp, (integral reflector) MR16, MR11 spot lamps which
are low voltage lamps.
Linear G4 G6.35 G9 GU10 MR11

54. NOTE: the number following the letter designation refers to the maximum diameter of the
bulb in units of 1/8 inch.
EXAMPLE: MR16 has a diameter of 2 inches (16 x 1/8” = 2’)

55. LOW - VOLTAGE LAMPS
• LOW – VOLTAGE LAMPS – incandescent and tungsten – halogen
lamps that operate between 6V and 75 V.
• Standard building current of 115 V-125V must be stepped down
by the use of transformer.
• Low–voltage luminaries with integrated transforms are larger in
size and bulkier.
• Practical system is line-voltage equipment.

56. LOW - VOLTAGE LAMPS
LOW VOLTAGE MULTIFACETED
MIRROR REFLECTOR
(halogen lamp)
LOW VOLTAGE PAR56
(halogen lamp)

57. COLORED LIGHT BULBS
 COLORED CERAMIC ENAMEL

58. COLORED FILTERS
 HUE (quality in red or green),
 SATURATUIN (strength of depth of color)
 BRIGHTNESS (quantity of light)

59. GELATIN FILTERS (“GELS”)

60. INTERFERENCE FILTERS

61. DISCHARGE LAMPS
WHAT?
Gas, phosphor, cathode, discharge
How?
Light is produced by passage of an electric current
through a vapor or gas, rather than through a
tungsten wire as in incandescent lamp.

62. FLUORESCENT LAMP

63. FLUORESCENT LAMP

64. FLUORESCENT LAMP

65. FLUORESCENT LAMP
ADVANTAGES:
• Heat is relatively low
• Energy efficient
• Range from low grade to high grade
• Long lamp life
• Usually cool source
• Control gears
DISADVANTAGE:
• Color temperature
• Require ballast: preheat, instant start, rapid-
start
• Requires controlling elements for glare control

66. FLUORESCENT LAMP

67. SHAPE
Compact Fluorescent Lamps

68. BALLAST/DRIVER
• Equipment required to control the starting and operating
voltage of electrical gas discharge lights.
Magnetic
Ballast
(Traditional)
Electronic
Ballast
Integrated
Ballast (CFL)

69. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID LAMPS)
• Type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by
means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed
insides a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused
alumina arc tube.
• This tube is filled with both gas and mental salts. The gas
facilitates the arc’s initial strike. Once the arc is started, it heats
and evaporates the metal salts forming a plasma, which greatly
increases the intensity of light produced by the arc and reduces its
power consumption. High-intensity discharge lamps are a type of
arc lamp.

70. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID LAMPS)
PYREX ENVELOPE
Resists thermal shock
NICKED/BRASS BASE
For positive electrical
contact, while resisting
corrosion
SPECIAL FILL GASES
Unique blend of Sodium,
Scandium, Thorium lodide,
Mercury and Argon
QUARTZ ARC TUBE
Withstands high temperature
operation, ceramic ends to
control temperature
HELICAL ELECTRODES
Separate starting
electrodes with bi-metal
starting switches
NICKEL PLATED
STEEL SUPPORTS
Resist shock and
vibration

71. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID LAMPS)

72. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID LAMPS)

73. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID LAMPS)
When energy efficiency and/or
light intensity are desired.
These areas include
gymnasiums, large public
areas, warehouses, movie
theaters, football stadiums,
outdoor activity areas,
roadways, parking lots, and
pathways. Ultra-High
Performance (UHP) HID lamps
are used in LCD or DLP
projection TV sets or projection
displays as well.

74. LED LIGHT
Red and infrared LEDs are made with gallium arsenide
Bright Blue is made with GaN-gallium nitride
White LEDs are made with yttrium aluminum garnet
There are also orange, green, blue, violet, purple, ultraviolet LEDs.

75. LED LIGHT

76. BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

77. BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING
LED lights are usually around 3mm-
8mm long. The small size and
profile of the LED lights allow them
to be used where other light bulbs
may not fit.

78. BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING
Where other lights give off more energy
by shining in different areas, LED lights
only shine in a specific direction
becoming more efficient.

79. BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING
35,000 to 50,000 hours, compared to
750 to 2,000 hours for an
incandescent bulb, 8,000 to 10,000
hours for a compact fluorescent and
20,000 to 30,000 hours for a linear
fluorescent bulb.

80. BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING
LEDs remain cool. In addition, since
they contain no glass components, they
are not vulnerable to vibration or
breakage like conventional bulbs.
LEDs are thus better suited for use in
areas like sports facilities and high-
crime locations.

81. LED LIGHTING
LEDs are just tiny light bulbs that fit
easily into an electrical circuit. But
unlike ordinary incandescent bulbs,
they don’t have a filament that will
burn out, and they don’t get especially
hot. They are illuminated solely by the
movement of electrons in a
semiconductor material, and they last
just as long as a standard transistor.
The lifespan of an LED surpasses the
short film of an incandescent bulb by
thousands of hours.
Epoxy lens/case
Wire bond
Reflective cavity
Semiconductor die
Anvil
Post } Lead frame
Flat spot
CathodeAnode

82. LED REFLECTORS

83. LAMPS

84. LAMPS

85. LAMPS

86. LAMPS

87. LAMPS
Fluoresen
TL (Tubular Lamp)
T8

88. LAMPS
LED
MR16
GU
LED
Tubular Lamp

89. LAMPS

90. LAMPS

91. LAMPS
LED
Linest
ra
LED
LED Tape

92. LAMPS

93. LAMPS