Vinay gowda Y C

1. BIOMASS ENERGY
VINAY GOWDA Y C
DHK2141

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SOURCES
3. ENERGYCONVERSIONSTECHNOLOGIES
4. BIOGAS
5. BIOFUELS
6. USESOF BIOMASS
7. ADVANTAGESAND DISADVANTAGES
8. CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
Biomass means all organic matter
produced by photosynthesis , on the
earth's surface.
Biomass energy is a renewable and
sustainable source of energy
derived from organic ,matter and can be
used to generate electricity and other
forms of power.

6. Field and plantation biomass
• Agricultural crop residues such as stalks, cobs , straw , cane thrashes
and etc
• Edible matters from crops
• Leaves , barks and wood
• Livestock wastes from fields
Urban waste biomass
• Municipal solid wastes
• Sewage sludges
• Kitchen and canteen wastes

7. Industrial biomass
• Agroindustrial processed biomass and their wastes : husk
• Oil cake
• Sugar and molasses
• Hides and skin wastes
• Fruit and pulp debris

8. Forest biomass
• Log residues
• Timber
• Forest floor debris
• Animal carcass
Aquatic biomass
• Sea weeds
• Fresh water weeds
• Dead fishes
• Microalgae blooms

9. BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION
TECHNOLOGIES
Direct combustion
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Fermentation
Aerobic digestion

10. DIRECT
COMBUSTION
• Simplest method of extracting energy from biomass.
• Biomass is burned to produce steam , the steam turns
a turbine and the turbine drives a generator ,
producing electricity.
• It has very low efficiency.With open fire most of the heat is
wasted and is not used to cook or whatever.

11. GASIFICATION
• A process that exposes a solid fuel to high temperatures and
limited oxygen , to produce a gaseous fuel.
• The gas produced by the process is a mix of gases such
as carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, methane
• The gas is then used to drive a
high efficiency , combined cycle gas turbine

12. PYROLYSIS
• Heating the biomass to drive off the volatile matter and
leaving behind the charcoal
• This process has doubled the energy density of the original
mater
• Heat is used to chemically convert biomass into pyrolysis
oil, which become easier to transport
• It is the process in which heating of biomassin a closed
vessel at temp 500 to 900 c in the absence of oxygen.

13. FERMENTATION
• Also called as aerobic digestion; converts sugar to ethanol
• People have used yeasts and other microorganisms to ferment the sugar of
various plants into ethanol
• Producing fuel from biomass by fermentation is just an extension of this
process.
• Process involves addition of yeasts or other microorganisms for the
conversion of plants glucose into an alcohol
• Example : biofuels (ethanol)

14. ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
• The anaerobic digestion is anaerobic fermentation involves in
the conversion of decaying wet biomass and animal waste into
biogas through decomposition process by the action of anerobic
bacteria
• Most useful for production of biogas

15. BIOGAS
• Biogas is environmental friendly , renewable
energy source. It's produced when organic
matter, such as food or animal waste, broken
down by microorganisms in the absence of
oxygen.
• Biogas can occur naturally or as part of
an industrial process to intentionally create it
as a fuel .It contain mainly methane and
co2.it can also include small amount
of hydrogen sulphide , siloxanes of some
moistures.

16. Composition
of biogas

18. BIOFUELS
• Biofuel is an inexhaustible ,
biodegradable fuel manufactured from
biomass like starch , agricultural waste ,
molasses and algae.
TYPES OF BIOFUELS
• Bio methanol
• Bioethanol(crops of corn and wheat)
• Bio diesel(crops of oil seeds are used)

19. Uses of biomass
• 80% of biomass energy is produced for residential use
• 79% of the biomass we use today coming from burning woods and
chips
• Biomass is used to heat homes ,wood is burned in open fires or wood
pellet boilers and stoves.
• 18% of biomass is produced for industrial use
• 2% of biomass energy is produced for transport

20. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BIOFUELSAND FOSSIL FUELS

21. Biomass Energy in India
• India produces about 450-500 million tonnes of biomass per year. Biomass
provides 32% of all the primary energy use in the country at present
• . EAI estimates that the potential in the short term for power from biomass in
India varies from about 18,000 MW, when the scope of biomass is as
traditionally defined, to a high of about 50,000 MW if one were to expand the
scope of definition of biomass.
• The current share of biofuels in total fuel consumption is extremely low and is
confined mainly to 5% blending of ethanol in gasoline, which the government
has made mandatory in 10 states.
• Currently, biodiesel is not sold on the Indian fuel market, but the government
plans to meet 20% of the country’s diesel requirements by 2020 using
biodiesel.

22. CONTINUATION
• Plants like Jatropha curcas, Neem, Mahua and other wild plants are identified
as the potential sources for biodiesel production in India.
• There are about 63 million ha waste land in the country, out of which about 40
million ha area can be developed by undertaking plantations of Jatropha. India
uses several incentive schemes to induce villagers to rehabilitate waste lands
through the cultivation of Jatropha.
• The Indian government is targeting a Jatropha plantation area of 11.2 million
hectares by 2012.

23. Advantages of biomass energy
Is abundant , secure ,
environmental friendly , and
renewable source of energy
It can be used to generate
electricity with the same
equipment or in the same power
plants that are now fossil fuels
It is carbon neutral
Less expensive than fossil fuels
and it reduces the overrelience of
fossil fuels
Less garbage in land fills
Biomass production adds a
revenue source for
manufacturers

24. Disadvantages of biomass energy
CAN BECOME NON-
RENEWABLE ENERGY
BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT
REQUIRES LAND
BIOMASS PLANTS REQUIRESA
LOT OF SPACE
COST OF CONSTRUCTIONOF
BIOGAS PLANT IS HIGH
IT POLLUTESTHE
ENVIRONMENT
TRANSPORTATIONOF BIOGAS
THROUGH PIPSOVER LONG
DISTANCES IS DIFFICULT

25. Conclusion
We have come to know that it is a type of
renewable energy that is obtained from
the easily available sources
It causes pollution but not as harmful as
fossil fuels
We must use this biomass energy as an
alternative to the energy sources that
produces pollution during burning
It can be concluded that biomass energy is
the best energy available in an immense
amount