4. Realities
There are not
enough resources
in the world to
satisfy the unlimited
wants and needs of
all people
Scarcity limits the total
output from the
economy
Scarcity, however,
does not imply that
the amount of
resources or the
state of technology
is fixed.
5. CHOICE
In a free market economy,
CHOICE, is at the very heart of
the system
CONSUMER/HOUSEHOLD
BUSINESS
âŠmust choose among a
variety of goods and
services, not of all which can
be bought, given a limited
budget, between spending
now or saving for later; and
between hours of work and
hour of leisure
âŠin deciding what to produce
and how to produce it, must
choose among the available
resources â land, labor,
capital, and entrepreneurship.
6. Trade Off
âŠit is a choice between
alternatives uses for a given
quantity of resources.
âŠusing one resources for
one purpose means that the
same resources can not be
used for another purpose
âŠusually consist of
reallocating the
factors of production
used to produce the
goods chosen by the
consumer
The allocation of 30% of the
budget for defense means that
were resources were drawn
away from education, making
the nationâs defense capability
stronger at the expense of
improved education.
âŠin a country with a weak
economy or a lower standard
of living ,most trade off
decision are not made by the
government but by individual
consumers and producers
7. The World of Scarcity
âYou canât always get what you want!â
we live in a world of SCARCITY:
society has limited resources, therefore it
cannot produce all goods and services that
people wish to have.
wants always exceed the resources to
satisfy them
Efficiency calls for the effective use the
limited resources to satisfy peopleâs wants
âwhen it cannot make anyone economically
better off without making someone else worse off
8. Scarcity is Different from Shortage
SCARCITY
ïŒ embodies the economic
truism that economic
resources are limited
ïŒ It is an economic
phenomenon which is
permanent in nature
SHORTAGE
ï¶ temporary situation
ï¶ It occurs when the supply
of goods and services
runs low resulting from a
greater demand on the
part of the consumer.
9. Unlimited Wants and Limited Income
What are the things that you would like to have?
as you think about this question more
seriously, you will discover that the list is
almost endlessâŠ
it is natural for you to want something more
than you have
if you do not want something more than
you have, you are probably dead
10. Limited Resources
scarcity of resources is the main reason
why we cannot have everything we want
Source: National Geographic, October 1998
these must be apportioned in such a way
that they will provide the greatest
satisfaction to those who need them
How are you helping make decisions in the
allocation of goods and services in simply
being a consumer, give the fact that we
have limited resources and man have
unlimited wants?
11. Difference Between Wants and Needs
WANTS
ï± refers to all things that
people consume if their
income were unlimited
ï± every has unlimited wants
which cannot be wholly
satisfied because of
limited resources
Reality in the world of scarcity: Every want
that ends up being satisfied causes
one or more wants to remain
unsatisfied
NEEDS
ï¶ undefinable from the
standpoint of an
economist
ï¶ however, the term need is
used very casually in
most conversation
ï¶ what people meant,
usually, is that they want
something they donât
have.
13. âą Natural Resources â the resources from nature
that are used in production,
including land, raw materials,
and natural process
âą Capital Resources â the processed materials,
equipment, and buildings
used in production; also
known as capital
âą Human Resources â the efforts of people involved
in production, including
labour and entrepreneurship
14. Economic Systems
âą Economic systems are the basic
arrangements made by societies to solve
the economic problem. They include:
â Command economies
â Laissez-faire economies
â Mixed systems
15. Economic Systems
âą In a command economy, a central government
either directly or indirectly sets output targets,
incomes, and prices.
âą In a laissez-faire economy, individuals and
firms pursue their own self-interests without any
central direction or regulation.
16. Economic Systems
âą The central institution of a laissezfaire economy is the free-market
system.
âą A market is the institution through
which buyers and sellers interact
and engage in exchange.
27. ANG SAGOT SA TANONGâŠ
WHY DO WE HAVE TO MAKE A CHOICE?
To reach a goal /move forward/ bring change in life /
Give us purpose in life/give us a good future and a better life
& success
Gift of God/ We have the freedom/right to choose/ inevitable/
to make us responsible & independent persons/ choices reflect
our values or morals/ you can not have it all/everything
To know what is wrong or right and learn from them/live with
The consequences of decision/Be on the right track/ path
29. ECON_FACT 1
ïŹ SCARCITY
OF RESOURCES
FORCES US TO MAKE A
CHOICE!
ïŹ Scarcity is knowing that life
is this __ OR that __ (Yes!)
and not this__ AND__ that (X)
31. OPPORTUNITY COST
The cost of something given up in
order to obtain a good
ïŹ The next best alternative that is
forgone when we make a decision or
a choice
ïŹ
Cost of the tradeoff is called
OPPORTUNITY COST
32. LOOKING THROUGH THE EYES
OF SCARCITYâŠ
ïŹ
Choosing one over the other course of
action would cost you to give up the
next best alternative
36. Introduction-:
Scarcity means âof limited
availabilityâ. E.g.
ï During Famine period, food is
âscarceâ i.e. Scarcity of food.
ï±
ï±
Scarcity is a fundamental
economic problem of having
humans who have unlimited
wants & needs in world of limited
resources.
37. When will a resource be consider as
âSCARCEâ?
ï±A
c
s
i
a
i
t
r e s o u r c e i s
o n s i d e r e d
c a r c e
wh e n
t s
v a i l a b i l i t y
s n o t e n o u g h
o
me e t
i t s
38. Factors responsible for
Scarcity of resources-:
1) Limited supply of resources
(natural Scarcity)for example,
ï scarcity of water in arid areas like
deserts,
ï scarcity of food in famine prone
areas.
40. Contâ
3) Sometimes the insufficiencies are a
result of poor planning and
execution(Artificial scarcity).e.g.
ï In arid areas, proper planning is
required for proper supply of water.
41. Is it Possible to Have no
Scarcity?
If proper planning &
techniques are used for
utilization and supply of
insufficient resource, then
condition of its to be scarce
âminimizesâ.
ï±
ï± If
âneedsâ=âhaveâ
42. Impact of Scarcity on
Market?
ï±
ï±
ïŹ
ï
If something is scarce - it will have a
market value.
It will result in inflation.
If the supply of a good or service is low, the
market price will rise, providing there is
sufficient demand from consumers. Whereas
when there is excess supply in a market, we
expect to see prices falling. For example,
If we talk about services,
IITians vs. Engineer from UPTU colleges.