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2. B2/6/2 Vashi ,Navi Mumbai, Contact:09892900103/9892900173
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• Definition for: embedded system
• A combination of hardware and software which together
form a component of a larger machine.
• An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor
that controls an automobile engine.
• An embedded system is designed to run on its own
without human intervention, and may be required to
respond to events in real time.
• Source: www.computeruser.com/resources/dictionary
4. B2/6/2 Vashi ,Navi Mumbai, Contact:09892900103/9892900173
http://embeddedsystemstraining.vibranttechnologies.co.in/
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Application Areas• TV
• stereo
• remote control
• phone / mobile phone
• refrigerator
• microwave
• washing machine
• electric tooth brush
• oven / rice or bread cooker
• watch
• alarm clock
• electronic musical instruments
• electronic toys (stuffed animals,handheld toys, pinballs, etc.)
• medical home equipment (e.g. blood
pressure, thermometer)
• …
• *PDAs?? More like standard computer system+
Consumer Products
5. B2/6/2 Vashi ,Navi Mumbai, Contact:09892900103/9892900173
http://embeddedsystemstraining.vibranttechnologies.co.in/
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System Components
• Embedded System Components
– Programmable processors (controllers & DSP)
– Standard and custom hardware
– Concurrent Software
– OS Components:
• Schedulers, Timers, Watchdogs,
• IPC primitives
– Interface components
• External, HW and SW interface
6. B2/6/2 Vashi ,Navi Mumbai, Contact:09892900103/9892900173
http://embeddedsystemstraining.vibranttechnologies.co.in/
enquiry@vibrantgroup.co.in
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System Development
• Decomposition of functionality
• Architecture Selection: Choice of
processors, standard hardware
• Mapping of functionality to HW and SW
• Development of Custom HW and software
• Communication protocol between HW and
SW
• Prototyping, verification and validation
7. B2/6/2 Vashi ,Navi Mumbai, Contact:09892900103/9892900173
http://embeddedsystemstraining.vibranttechnologies.co.in/
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Design Choices
• Choices in Components
– Processors, DSP chips, Std. Components
• Many different choices in mapping
– Fully HW solution
• More speed, cost, TTM (Time to
market), less robust
• Std. HW development
– Fully SW solution
• Slow, less TTM, cost, more flexible
• Std. Micro controller development
8. B2/6/2 Vashi ,Navi Mumbai, Contact:09892900103/9892900173
http://embeddedsystemstraining.vibranttechnologies.co.in/
enquiry@vibrantgroup.co.in
http://embeddedsystemstraining.vibranttechnologies.co.in/
Mixed Solution
• Desired Solution is often mixed
– Optimal performance, cost and TTM
– Design is more involved and takes more
time
– Involves Co-design of HW and SW
– System Partitioning - difficult step
– For optimal designs, design exploration
and evaluation essential
– Design practices supporting exploration
and evaluation essential
– Should support correctness analysis as it
is crucial to ensure high quality
9. B2/6/2 Vashi ,Navi Mumbai, Contact:09892900103/9892900173
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Reactive Systems
R. S.
10. B2/6/2 Vashi ,Navi Mumbai, Contact:09892900103/9892900173
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Suitability of C
• C not natural for such applications
• Various problems
– Events and states all modeled as variables
– Not natural for even oriented embedded
applications
– States are implicit (control points decide the
states)
– No abstract description possible
– Commitment to details at an early stage
– Too much of work when the design is likely to be
discarded
11. B2/6/2 Vashi ,Navi Mumbai, Contact:09892900103/9892900173
http://embeddedsystemstraining.vibranttechnologies.co.in/
enquiry@vibrantgroup.co.in
http://embeddedsystemstraining.vibranttechnologies.co.in/
Input Output
• Required to communicate with outside world
• PC System:
– Keyboard
– Monitor
– Parallel port (printer port)
– Serial port + USB
• Embedded System:
– Sensors (e.g. in automobile: acceleration sensor, seat
sensor)
– Actuators (e.g. in automobile: valves for airbags)
13. B2/6/2 Vashi ,Navi Mumbai, Contact:09892900103/9892900173
http://embeddedsystemstraining.vibranttechnologies.co.in/
enquiry@vibrantgroup.co.in
http://embeddedsystemstraining.vibranttechnologies.co.in/
Summary
• Sequential program model, data flow
model for function computation
• Real systems often require mixture of
models
• Modeling tools and languages should have
combination of all the features
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Where to Get More Information
Vibrant Group:
www.vibrantgroup.co.in
Vibrant Technologies & Computers
www.vibranttechnologies.co.in/technologies.vibrantgroup.co.
in
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