4. INTRODUCTION
Elusive Z-DNA Found On Nucleosomes. (ScienceDaily Jan. 20, 2012).
A team of researchers led by Dr Keji Zhao discovered that they could convert
B-DNA to Z-DNA on nucleosomes.
Human Immune Cells React Sensitively to
'Stress‘. (ScienceDaily (Feb. 2, 2012).
Scientists working with Professor Bernd
Kaina of the Institute of Toxicology at the
Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz demonstrated that
monocytes are extremely sensitive to
reactive oxygen species (ROS).
5. ELUSIVE Z-DNA FOUND ON NUCLEOSOMES.
(Science Daily Jan. 20, 2012).
• The DNA is the nucleic acid
that carries the genetic
information.
• The B-DNA is the most
known form of DNA.
• The Z-DNA forms in a process
of negative supercoiling, and
it is a left-handed variety of
the DNA .
www.sciencedaily.com
6. ELUSIVE Z-DNA FOUND ON NUCLEOSOMES.
(Science Daily Jan. 20, 2012).
DNA
Protein
Nucleosome
Cromatin
Cromosome
7. ELUSIVE Z-DNA FOUND ON NUCLEOSOMES.
(Science Daily Jan. 20, 2012).
What did scientists thought?
• Before:
Z-DNA only forms in presence
of RNA polymerase.
• Now:
The protein SWI/SNF can
convert B in Z-DNA
www.sciencedaily.com
8. ELUSIVE Z-DNA FOUND ON NUCLEOSOMES.
(Science Daily Jan. 20, 2012).
The Z-nucleosome is a new
structure formed by the
convertion of B-DNA to Z-
DNA in nucleosomes, with
the addition of SWI/SNF
and ATP.
www.sciencedaily.com
9. ELUSIVE Z-DNA FOUND ON NUCLEOSOMES.
(Science Daily Jan. 20, 2012).
Opinion:
With the new forms of
DNA, like Z-DNA in the
near future scientists
will be able to manipulate
the genetic information.
10. ELUSIVE Z-DNA FOUND ON NUCLEOSOMES.
(Science Daily Jan. 20, 2012).
•Monocytes are white blood cells important in the inmune system.
•These cells are made in the bone marrow, and they spread through the
body in one to three days. They can develop into either dendritic cells
Monocyte or macrophages.
•A type of white blood that ingests foreign material. Macrophages are key
players in the immune response to foreign invaders such as infectious
Macrophage microorganisms.
•Aggressive forms of oxygen that are generated during states of
"oxidative stress" and play a significant role in various diseases.
ROS
11. HUMAN IMMUNE CELLS REACT SENSITIVELY TO
'STRESS‘ (Sciencedaily (Feb. 2, 2012)
Macrophages :
Bloodstream Production
Tissue
Monocytes ROS
www.sciencedaily.com
12. HUMAN IMMUNE CELLS REACT SENSITIVELY TO
'STRESS‘ (Sciencedaily (Feb. 2, 2012)
Sensibility to ROS
MONOCYTES MACROPHAGES
www.sciencedaily.com
13. HUMAN IMMUNE CELLS REACT SENSITIVELY TO
'STRESS‘ (Sciencedaily (Feb. 2, 2012)
ROS
Are the reason for this
study, scientists wanted
to show the relationship
between monocytes and
them. They cause
damages in the DNA and
lead to cell death or
malignant
transformation.
www.sciencedaily.com
14. HUMAN IMMUNE CELLS REACT SENSITIVELY TO
'STRESS‘ (Sciencedaily (Feb. 2, 2012)
Opinion:
Due to how dangerous ROS are, it is important to
know the mechanisms that lead to the production
of them, because in this way scientists can find a
way to protect cells and the organism from them.
15. MEDICAL UTILITY: Elusive Z-DNA Found On
Nucleosomes. (ScienceDaily Jan. 20, 2012)
Regulation of the genetic
expression. For example,
in a family that the
gen of albinism has
been present
throughout generations,
the posssibility for it to stop
expressing.
www.sciencedaily.com
16. MEDICAL UTILITY: Elusive Z-DNA Found On
Nucleosomes. (ScienceDaily Jan. 20, 2012)
Block the genetic expression.
For example, blocking the gene of cancer, that
could appear in any time of a person’s life
17. MEDICAL UTILITY: Human Immune Cells React
Sensitively to 'Stress‘. (ScienceDaily (Feb. 2, 2012)
ROS will cellular
oxidation, which will
lead to the control of cell
aging. With the pass of
time, there will be more
treatments that help
people to avoid
situations related with
aging.
www.sciencedaily.com
18. MEDICAL UTILITY: Human Immune Cells React
Sensitively to 'Stress‘. (ScienceDaily (Feb. 2, 2012)
Apoptosis will low it’s levels because of the
reduction of the oxidant effect.
MONOCYTE
MONOCYTE
19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 12, 2012, from
http://www.sciencedaily.com-/releases/2012/01/120120183042.htm
• ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 12,
2012, from http://www.sciencedaily.com-
/releases/2012/02/120202093834.htm
• MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María.
Biología molecular. 2. ed. Medellín: UPB.
Fac. de Medicina, 2006. 208
