organisation behavior and communication

1. ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR AND
COMMUNICATIONS
TOPIC: TRAIT THEORY AND BEHAVIORIAL
THEORY OF LEADERSHIP
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTING BY:
MRS. DEEPA NAYAK Rovlin Crasta
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Ananthakrishna and Prem V V
SDM PG CENTRE MANGLORE

2. THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
Leadership: Leadership is “the process of encouraging and helping others to work enthusiastically towards
objectives”. Leadership is “the behaviour of an individual when he is directing the activities of a group towards a
shared goal”.
 Early leadership research focused on the leader him/herself
 It was assumed that leadership effectiveness could be explained isolating psychological, physical characteristics,
or traits, which were presumed to differentiate the leader from the other members of the group
 As the years went by the focus shifted from the personality of the leader to his/her behaviour while
delegating tasks to subordinates and communicating with them.
 It was believed by behaviourists that a leader's effectiveness depended upon behaviours and not on traits
alone & on the situation in which leader operates.
theory will complete only when it covers three important dimensions of leadership,
1. The leader and his/her psychological attributes:
2. The follower with his/her problems, attitudes, and needs;
3. The group situation in which followers and leaders relate with one another.

3. What is a leadership theory?
Leadership theories are the explanations of how and why
certain people become leaders. Leadership theory studies
the qualities of good leaders. They focus on the traits and
behaviors that people can adopt to increase their leadership
capabilities.
Some of the top traits that leaders say are vital to good leadership
include:
 Strong ethics and high moral standards
 Great self-organizational skills
 Efficient learner
 Nurtures growth in employees
 Fosters connection and belonging

4. TRAIT THEORY
Trait theory is also known as the virtue theory of leadership.
 The foundation of this theory is the characteristics of different
leaders – both successful and unsuccessful ones.
The trait theory emphasizes that leaders have Inborn Traits these
are “born leaders”, who cannot help but take control and guide
situations.
Basically, a leader is born with specific virtues according to trait
theory.

5. Important Traits Possessed By Leader
Intelligence
Eragance to accept responsibility
Trustworthiness
Adaptability
People skills
Self – confidence

6. Behavioural theory explains that it is possible to train and develop
a leader.
 It rejects that leader are born or that certain people have their
inborn potential to become leaders.
According to this theory, anyone can be a leader, but there must be
a good atmosphere and training for leadership qualities to develop.
Also, it mainly focuses on specific behaviour and actions of
leaders, instead of their characteristics.
The Ohio State University studies and the University of Michigan
studies are the two important Behavioural theories.
BEHAVIOURAL THEORY

7. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY STUDIES
These well publicised studies were started shortly after World War I. The main objective of the studies
was to identify the major dimensions of leadership and to investigate the effect of leader behaviour on
employee performance and satisfaction.
(1) The initiating structure, which refers to leader behaviour that defines and organises the
group tasks, assigns the tasks to employees and supervises their activities.
(2) Consideration refers to leader behaviour that can be characterised by friendliness, respect,
supportiveness, openness, trust and concern for the welfare of the employees.

8. THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN STUDIES:
These studies were conducted during the same period as those at Ohio
State and resulted in identical conclusions.
The two styles discovered by the Michigan researchers were similar to those
of the ohio state people.
The production centred leadership factor and Employee centred leadership
structure factor both measured work orientation, while the employee oriented
factor and the consideration factor both measured people orientation.

9. Findings
The findings of Michigan studies leadership on a continuum But a deeper analysis reveals
that employee and work orientation are two separate dimensions and that a leader can be either
high or low on one or both. The production centred and initiating leadership factor both
measured work orientation. Employee and consideration orient factor both measured people
orientation.
The findings of the Ohio State studies can be summarized as follows:
• Consideration was positively related to low absenteeism and grievance, but it was
negatively or neutrally related to performance.
• Initiating structure was positively related to employee performance but was also associated
with such negative consequences as absenteeism and grievances.
CONCLUSION
The Behavioral Theory of management provides a map on how to practice effective leadership
in organizations. The best leaders are those who can adjust their leadership styles and use the
right approach in every situation.
The Trait theory of leadership provided insights into the research of leadership aspects like
leaders have leadership qualities by birth or these qualities can be developed over time.
Leadership is an art and it also requires a specific skill set.

10. THANK YOU