The document discusses technology integration in education in Tanzania, outlining topics like playing with different technologies, where to begin with integration, and the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. It notes that effective teaching depends on knowledge of content, pedagogy, and technology, and provides examples of exemplary TPACK lessons that integrate technologies like animations and simulations into subjects like biology, chemistry, and physics.

1. Technology integration in
education in Tanzania
Ayoub C Kafyulilo
A workshop on technology integration
in science teaching for Chang’ombe
and Jitegemee secondary schools
January 2012

2. Topics to be covered
Playing with
technology
Technology Where to begin
enhanced The concept of Exemplary Lessons
learning TPACK

3. Playing with technology
 Ipad • Weblogs
 Camera • Television
Wikipedia
•

Computer
 GPS
 Online games
• e-portfolios
 Corse
Management
System
(CMS)

4. • Wiki
– The usefulness of sharing ideas on a wiki
increases if the tutor contributes, but
avoids taking charge.
• Weblogs
– Integrating comments from the blog into
tutorial discussions extracts full value from
the activity. How to make a blog? Hands
on activity!
• Digital audio
– Providing feedback in different media
reinforces the message and gives
students a more personal learning
experience.

5. • VLE/CMS
– e-Learning content can be delivered through
moodle, blackboard, facebook etc
– Skilful combinations of online resources and
face-to-face activities can promote
independent, self-directed learning.
• Ipad touch
– Multimedia resources accessible on mobile
devices support situated learning and provide
opportunities for reinforcement.
• Digital video
– Problem-based learning scenarios based
around virtual resources enable students to
learn from their mistakes in safety.

6. • E-portfolio
– Opportunities for self-evaluation need to
be introduced early to help learners grasp
the importance of reflective, e-portfolio-
based learning.
• Power point presentation
– A simple orientation to PowerPoint
presentation

7. Technology integration in science
teaching
• Technology-enhanced learning is gaining
favour since it emphasises how
technology adds value to learning
• Technology-enhanced learning enables:
– Connectivity to information and to others
– Greater choice over the time, place and
pace of study
– Alternative modes of study: distance,
blended, work-based, partially or wholly
campus-based

8. Technology integration in science
teaching
– Opportunities for reflection and
planning in personal learning Rapid
feedback on formative assessments
– More active learning by means of
interactive technologies and
multimedia resources
– Participation in communities of
knowledge, inquiry and learning
– Learning by discovery in virtual
worlds

9. Technology integration in science
teaching
• Effective teaching depends on flexible
access to reach, well-organized and
integrated knowledge from different
domains, including
– knowledge of student thinking and
learning (Pedagogy),
– knowledge of subject matter (Content),
and increasingly,
– Knowledge of technology

10. Technology integration in science
teaching
– Teachers often have inadequate experience
with using technology for teaching and
learning
– Teachers earned degrees at a time when
educational technology was at a very infant
stage of development
– They do not consider themselves sufficiently
prepared to use technology in the classroom
– They do not appreciate its value or relevance
to teaching and learning

11. Where to begin?
• How can teachers integrate technology into their
teaching?
• There is no “one best way” to integrate
technology into curriculum
• Integration efforts should be designed for
particular subject matter ideas in specific
classroom
• At the heart of good teaching with technology
there are three core components: content,
pedagogy, and technology, plus the
relationships among and between them

12. The Technological Pedagogical
Content Knowledge framework

13. TPACK
• Technological (ICT) Knowledge
– Skills necessary to operate particular
technologies
– The ability to learn and adapt to new
technologies
– A functional understanding of technologies
• Pedagogical knowledge
– Students’ prior knowledge
– How to use resources
– Classroom management
– Lesson plan development & implementation
– Student evaluation

14. TPACK
• Content or Subject matter
knowledge
– Knowledge of central facts,
concepts, principles, theories &
procedures
– Explanatory frameworks
– Evidence for proof

15. TPACK
• Technological pedagogical
Knowledge:
– How pedagogies change because of
ICT
• Technological Content Knowledge:
– How subject matter changes because of
ICT
• Pedagogical Content Knowledge:
– How particular aspects of subject matter
are organized, adapted and represented
for instruction

16. TPACK
• TPACK is the basis of effective teaching
with technology and requires an
understanding of;
– the representation of concepts using
technologies
– pedagogical techniques that use
technologies in constructive ways to
teach a content
– knowledge of what makes concepts
difficult or easy to learn and how
technology can help readdress some of
the problems that students face

17. TPACK
– knowledge of students’ prior
knowledge and knowledge of how
technologies can be used to build
on existing knowledge to develop
new knowledge
• There is no single technological
solution that applies for every
teacher, every course, or every view
of teaching

18. Exemplary TPACK lessons
• Pendulum (physics –DUCE)
• Animation (physics – Hokes law)
• Animation (Chemistry – Electrolysis)
• Animation (biology – First aid)
• Animation (Biology – Mitosis)
• Animation (Chemistry – Rate of chemical
reaction)
• Animation (Physics – static electricity)

19. Examples of lesson plans that
integrate technology
• Biology lesson
• Chemistry lesson
• Physics lesson

20. How do we design a technology
integrated lesson
• You can make it yourself in Word, Excel or
PowerPoint
• There are online learning materials that are
available for free: www.kscience.co.uk,
www.youtube.com
• Examples of online materials: animations, video
• These materials can also be downloaded and be
presented through a CD.
• Example of some CDs that have teaching and
learning contents.