2. Parts of speech
•What is speech?
• It refers to the act of expressing or describing thoughts, feelings, or
perceptions by the articulation of words.
•What are the parts of speech?
In grammar, a part of speech (also a word class, a lexical class, or a lexical
category) is a linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical
items), which is generally defined by
the syntactic or morphological behaviour of the lexical item in question.
•Simply put-The parts of speech refers to the Classifications of words (used
in speech) according to their relations to each other and to the things they
represent.
3. 8 parts of speech (in english language)
Some grammar sources categorize English into 9 or 10 parts of speech. But mainly we use the
traditional categorization of 8 parts of speech:
1. NOUN
2. PRONOUN
3. VERB
4. ADJECTIVE
5. ADVERB
6. PREPOSITIONS
7. CONJUNCTIONS
8. INTERJECTIONS
Examples of other categorizations are:
Verbs may be treated as two different parts of speech:
Lexical Verbs (work, like, run)
Auxiliary Verbs (be, have, must)
Determiners may be treated as a separate part of speech, instead of being categorized under
Adjectives
4. part of speech function or "job" example words example sentences
Verb action or state (to)
be, have, do, like, work, s
ing, can, must
WIKIPEDIA.com is a web
site.
I like WIKIPEDIA.com.
Noun thing or person pen, dog, work, music, to
wn, London, teacher, Joh
n
This is my dog. He lives
in myhouse. We live
in London.
Adjective describes a noun a/an, the, 69, some,
good, big, red, well,
interesting
My dog is big. I
like big dogs.
Adverb describes a verb,
adjective or adverb
quickly, silently, well,
badly, very, really
My dog eats quickly.
When he isvery hungry,
he eats reallyquickly.
Pronoun replaces a noun I, you, he, she, some Tara is Indian. She is
beautiful.
Preposition links a noun to another
word
to, at, after, on, but We
went to school on Monda
y.
Conjunction joins clauses or
sentences or words
and, but, when I like dogs and I like
cats. I like cats and dogs.
I like dogs but I don't
like cats.
Interjection short exclamation,
sometimes inserted into
a sentence
oh!, ouch!, hi!, well Ouch! That hurts! Hi!
How are you? Well, I
don't know.
5. NEXT QUESTION ARISES HOW TO ARRANGE THESE WORDS BELONGING TO
DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH INTO SENTENCES??
There are many different ways of organizing words into sentences. (Or we might
say, Words can be organized into sentences in many different ways.) For this reason,
describing how to put a sentence together isn't as easy as explaining how to bake a
cake or assemble a model plane. There are no easy recipes, no step-by-step
instructions. But that doesn't mean that crafting an effective sentence depends on
magic or good luck. So as we work to improve our writing, it's important to
understand what these basic structures are and how to use them effectively.
.
The Parts of the Sentence & the relation with parts of speech
The parts of the sentence are a set of terms for describing how people
construct sentences from smaller pieces.
There is not a direct correspondence between the parts of the
sentence and the parts of speech -- the subject of a sentence, for
example, could be a noun, a pronoun, or even an
entire phrase or clause. Like the parts of speech, however, the parts of
the sentence form part of the basic vocabulary of grammar, and it is
important that you take some time to learn and understand them.
6. WORDS CAN BE ARRANGED IN :
1. A SENTENCE-IT is a group of words that expresses a
complete thought/sense /meaning. A sentence is a group of words
which starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or
exclamation mark (!). A sentence contains or implies a predicate and a subject.
2. A CLAUSE-a part of a sentence that contains its own
subject and predicate.
3. A PHRASE-a group of related words without a subject or
predicate.
4. A MODIFIER- a word or phrase that modifies or adds
information to other parts of a sentence. Adjectives,
adverbs, and many phrases and clauses are modifiers.
CLAUSE,PHRASE AND MODIFIER ARE ALSO SENTENCES BUT HAVE UNIQUE FEATURES
,THEY CAN ALSO BE CALLED PARTS OF A SENTENCE.
7. PARTS OF A SENTENCE:
1.SUBJECT-The noun or noun phrase that tells whom or what the
sentence addresses.
2.PREDICATE-a verb or verb phrase telling what the subject does or is.
3.OBJECT-An object in grammar is part of a sentence, and often part of
the predicate. It denotes somebody or something involved in the
subject's "performance" of the verb. Basically, it is what or whom the
verb is acting upon. As an example, the following sentence is given:
In the sentence "Bobby kicked the ball", "ball" is the object.
4.COMPLEMENT-A word or word group that completes the predicate in
a sentence. The two kinds of complements are subject
complements (which follow the verb be and other linking verbs)
and object complements(which follow a direct object). If it identifies the
subject, the complement is a noun or pronoun; if it describes the
subject, the complement is an adjective.
Complements are requiredto complete the verb, in contrast
to modifiers, which are optional.
13. TYPES OF SENTENCE
CAN BE CATEGORIZED ON TWO BASIS:
• ACCORDING TO
CONTENT OF
INTENTION:
1. DECLARATIVE
2. INTERROGATIVE
3. IMPERATIVE
4. EXCLAMATORY
• ACCORDING TO ITS
STRUCTURE:
1. SIMPLE
2. COMPOUND
3. COMPLEX
4. COMPOUND -
COMPLEX
