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Systemic Mycoses
⢠Systemic mycoses are caused by fungi that
are mostly soil saprophytes.
⢠Fungi causing systemic mycoses are
dimorphic:
ďź Blastomyces dermatitidis,
ďź Paracoccidioides brasiliensis,
ďź Coccidioides immitis and
ďź Histoplasma capsulatum
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Blastomycosis
⢠North American blastomycoses
⢠Caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis
⢠Source of infection is the soil
⢠Acquired by inhalation
⢠Suppurative granulomatous lesion in any
part of the body with predilection for lungs
and skin
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Blastomycosis
⢠culture is filamentous with septate hyphae
and many round/oval conida.
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Paracoccidioidomycosis
⢠South American blastomycosis
⢠Caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
⢠Chronic, granulomatous disease of the skin,
mucosa, lymph nodes and internal organs
⢠Infection acquired by inhalation
⢠Causes pulmonary infection and spread is
by hematogenous route, leading to
ulcerative granulomas of buccal and nasal
mucosa
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Paracoccidioidomycosis
⢠At 37°C in tissues and culture, large, round,
oval cells with multiple budding, Marinerâs
wheel
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Coccidioidomycosis
⢠Caused by Coccidioides immitis
⢠Acquired by Inhalation of dust with
arthrospores
⢠Manifests as fever
⢠culture, mycelial forms fragment into
arthrospores
⢠Confirmation may be by DNA probes
⢠Culture must be handled with special care in
Biological Safety Cabinet as laboratory
infections are common
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Histoplasmosis
⢠Intracellular infection of reticuloendothelial
system
⢠Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum
⢠Fever, anemia, lymphadenopathy, hepato
splenomegaly, granulomatous ulcerative
lesions develop in skin and mucosa
⢠culture:
white cottony mycelial growth with large thick-
walled, spherical spores with tubercles or
finger-like projections
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Opportunistic Mycoses
⢠Seen in immunocompromised
⢠Caused by fungi which are normal
commensal,
⢠like Candida albicans,
⢠Aspergillus fumigatus
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Aspergillosis
⢠Invasive aspergillosis: Pneumonia and
dissemination to other organs
⢠Superficial infections: Otomycosis, mycotic
keratitis and infection of nasal sinuses
Laboratory diagnosis
⢠Direct microscopy: Hyaline septate hyphae
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Aspergillosis
⢠Culture on Sabouraudâs dextrose agar:
colonies â
⢠A. fumigatus, dark green velvety;
⢠A. flavus, powdery yellowish green;
⢠A. niger, powdery black colonies
⢠Serology: Antibody and antigen can be
demonstrated by ELISA and CIEP
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Penicillosis
⢠caused by Penicillium
⢠Colonies are powdery bluish green, white
border
⢠Microscopy: Septate hyaline hyphae with
branched conidiophore,
- bearing chains of conidiospores
resembling brush border.
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Penicillium. Chains of conidia are produced by phialides, which are
supported by branched conidiophores. Terminal conidium is oldest.
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MUCOR MYCOSIS:
⢠Caused by Rhizopus, Mucor and Absidia.
⢠Spread â respiratory tract or nasal cavity.
⢠Associated with
- diabetes
- immunocompromised state.