1. Recent Advances in Applications Of Augmented Reality
Vaibhav Mehta
Sai Vidya Institute of Technology
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (2nd
year)
Bengaluru,India
8764187570
mehtavaibhav7570@gmail.com
Rakesh Gupta
Sai Vidya Institute of Technology
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (1st
year)
Bengaluru,India
82967999277
rakeshg.16cs@saividya.ac.in
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the current developments as well as
the future scope of Augmented Reality. How the modern
human beings have been using the 3D viewing techniques
as a gateway to virtual reality and how virtual reality has led
to augmented reality ; ways to augment the reality â these
have been discussed in this paper. This paper also mentions
a survey which showed how augmented reality can make us
understand something in the easiest way, thus reducing
errors. The hardware technology used , developing
platforms and various applications of augmented reality
have been mentioned. Apart from this, this paper also
mentions some limitations of this technology, the barriers in
front of it as well as itâs future scope.
INTRODUCTION
Augmented reality augments the real world with the
synthetic electronic data. It is a live direct or indirect view
of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are
augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated
sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPSdata. It
is related to a more general concept called mixed reality.
Virtual reality replaces the real world with a simulated one.
Augmentation is conventionally in real-time and in semantic
context with environmental elements, such as sports scores
on TV during a match. With the help of advanced AR
technology (e.g. adding computer version and object
recognition) the information about the surrounding real
world of the user becomes interactive and digitally
manipulable. Information about the environment and its
objects is overlaid on the real world., in which a view of
reality is modified by a computer.
Augmented Reality is a field which has originated
from the field of virtual reality. Augmented Reality
concerns with integration of electronic information back to
the real world. Through augmented reality applications,
particular spaces can be recognized and through the use of
computationally enhanced viewing screens, new images
(virtual) are superimposed into the real space.
The basic concept of a 3D display is they are designed
to convince your brain that your monitor is showing a real
,three dimensional object . In order to understand quite how
it works ,we need to know what sort of work our brain does
with the information our eyes give it . Once we know about
that ,weâll be able to understand just how 3-D augmented
reality does its job.
Seeing in three dimensions
Human beings, like most other creatures,are eqipped with
two eyes, situated close together and side by side .This
positioning means that each eye has a view of the same area
from a slightly different angle. we can check this out by
focusing on a distant object and viewing through each eye
alternately.
The brain takes the information from each eye and
unites them into one picture, interpreting the slight
differences between each view as depth. This produces
2. three-dimensional picture:one with height,width and depth.
âą we can position our eye in such a way that we can
see partially around solid objects without needing
to move our heads.
âą it is the added perception of depth that makes 3-
D , or stereioscopic vision so important. With
sterioscopic vision ,we see exactly where the
objects and surroundings are.
But nowadays,every single frame of animation with every
different angle is designed in 3-D graphic package.
In fact nowadays every thing we see on computer screen in
a modern 3-D games is produced the same way . The game
is like a gigantic 3-D model the copmputer works out with.
It needs to display on your screen and generates the
appropriate view.
Getting Synched
Itsâs all down to the power of liquid crystal display LCD.
Just like a watch can be changed from transparent to
black ,the lens of pc 3-D glasses can be transparent or
translucent or opaque . The glasses can control which eye
sees the image on the screen and ,with careful timing.
1. The images are prepared by the computer and
displayed:
The two images are generated, representing the
views seen by each eye:
Both of these views are presented on screen in rapid
sequence:
2. While The left view is presented ,the right eye is
blocked by the lcd glasses.similarly,when the right
view is presented ,the left eye is blocked.
all of this happens so fast that the brain is entirely unaware
of the two images merging together into a stereoscopic
view.
5. destination directions and meter ,weather ,terrain ,road
condition and traffic information as well as alerts of
potential hazard in its path.
GPS has widespread One annoying aspect is that
we generally have to take your eyes off the road to see the
directions on map, along with turn-by-turn directions being
difficult to line up to the actual road at times. Mishor 3D an
application based on augmented reality is currently working
on 3D navigation driverâs aid to solve that.
A view of mishor 3-D navigation
5. Construction and architecture
With the continual improvements to GPS accuracy,
businesses are able to use augmented reality to visualize
models of construction sites, underground structures, cables
and pipes using mobile devices. Augmented reality is
applied to present new projects, to solve on-site construction
challenges, and to enhance promotional materials. industrial
worker are able to co relate the visual instructions, real time
alerts, and 3D mapping.
Designing the blueprints of maps interactively
6. Military and Defence services
The Heads-Up Display (HUD) is the typical example of
augmented reality when it comes to military applications of
the technology. A transparent display is positioned directly
in the fighter pilots view. Data typically displayed to the
pilot includes altitude, airspeed and the horizon line in
addition to other critical data. The term "heads-up" comes
from the fact that the pilot doesn't have to look down at the
aircraft's instrumentation to get the data they need.
The Head-Mounted Display (HMD) is used by ground
troops. Critical data such as enemy location can be
presented to the soldier within their line of sight. This
technology is also used for simulations for training
purposes.
Survey on augmented reality
A survey was conducted by NASA to know how augmented
reality helps the assembler to understand the general
instructions CAI (computer assisted instructions)
Treatment 1) printed manual
The printed manual was single sided, with one procedural
step per page (fig 2.a) .the size of the diagram was
8.5ââ*6.subjects were free to move the manual to anywhere
in the workspace, or hold it in their hand during operation.
Treatment 2) CAI on LCD monitor
Instructions were displayed in full screen on lap tops
computer placed on the workspace. The size of the LCD
monitor is 15ââ (diagonal). Subjects were free to adjust the
brightness, positions and orientation of the screen.
Treatment 3) CAI on see through HMD
Instructions were displayed using the sony glasstron LDI-
100B with LCD removed .it is used to display the true 3D
images from a 3D camera or video recording , significantly
increasing the optical transmission of the display.
6. Treatment 4) spatially registered Augmented Reality
Instructions were displayed in stereo using the sony
glasstron LDI-100B with the liquid crystal shutter removed.
Subject head motion was tracked using a magnetic tracker.
Stereo graphics were rendered in real time based on data on
the data from the tracker.
Impact of the survey
Effect of Instructional Medium on Time Of Completion
A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted
on the effect of instructional medium on time of completion.
The effect of time of completion depending on the
instructional medium is statically significant.
The graph shows the drastic decrease in time based
on dependent errors. Whereas there is no statically
significant effect on independent errors.AR does not appears
to have an advantage in time of completion comparing with
other traditional media.
Result
The overlying 3-D instructions on the actual work pieces
reduced the error rate for an assembly task by
82%,particularly decreasing the no of errors.
Limitations or disadvantages of augmented reality
1. Structure from motion might help with
reducing visual complexity
2. Desktop is the primary interface right now it
should be improved
3. In reality, only a few of the possibile channels
are captured.
4. All gestures and voice come in second to
position
5. Hearing is not as privileged as vision , but
necessary for situational awareness.
6. Generally, there is lack of technique for
simulating the haptic outputs without having a
real object.
7. The HMDâs used are usually very heavy in
weight which is usually uncomfortable for the
users
8. The concept of modern augmented reality
depends on the ability of the device to record
and analyze the environment in real time.
Because of this, there are potential legal
concerns over privacy.
9. Because of using augmented reality
hardwareâs it imposes a serious health issue
on the user. Like weekends in eye or decrease
in reflexes of a human body.
Barriers which we need to cross
Although going forward AR seems to have a huge potential
market, there are some factors which could slow down mass
adoption of augmented reality. Some of the factors are:
1. Public Awareness and reach of Mobile AR
2. Technological Limitations