1. GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
• ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT
• ENGINEERING ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT (2130004)
• TOPIC : EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
• PREPARED BY :
• VAIBHAV KHATRI
6. INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT
• THE CONTRAST TO VOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT IS INVOLUNTARY
UNEMPLOYMENT IN WHICH RESOURCES ARE FORCED OUT OF WORK
, ALSO KNOWN AS FORCED UNEMPLOYMENT.
7. FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT
• IT RESULTS BECAUSE IT TAKES TIME FOR WORKERS TO SEARCH FOR
THE JOBS THAT BEST SUIT THEIR TASTES AND SKILLS.
10. UNEMPLOYMENT DUE TO DEMAND
DEFICIENCY
• IT ARISES WHEN PEOPLE ARE OUT OF WORK BECAUSE OF LACK OF AGGREGATE
DEMAND.
11. DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT
• WHEN PEOPLE DO NOT HAVE PRODUCTIVE FULL-TIME EMPLOYMENT, BUT ARE
NOT COUNTED IN THE OFFICIAL UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS.
12. CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• HIGH POPULATION GROWTH
• ABSENCES OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
• INCREASING TURNOUT OF STUDENTS FROM UNIVERSITIES
• SLOW DEVELOPING INDUSTRIES
• INFLATION
• RECESSION
• CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGY
• WILLINGNESS TO WORK
• DISABILITY
• DISCRIMINATING FACTORS
13. EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• ECONOMIC EFFECT
1. WASTAGE OF HUMAN RESOURCES
2. LOW INCOME
3. LOW SAVING
4. LOW CAPITAL FORMATION
5. LOW LIVING STANDARD
6. LOW LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY
14. EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• SOCIAL EFFECT
1. WIDE GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POORCLASS CONFLICTS
2. SOCIAL UNREST
3. MORE ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES
15. EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• AT INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
1. MENTAL STRESS
2. LOSS OF SELF ESTEEM
3. DIRECTLY LINKED TO POVERTY
16. MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT
• EMPLOYED ANY PERSON 16 YEARS OLD OR OLDER
1. WHO WORKS FOR PAY, EITHER FOR SOMEONE ELSE OR IN HIS OR HER OWN BUSINESS FOR 1
OR MORE HOURS PER WEEK,
2. WHO WORKS WITHOUT PAY FOR 15 OR MORE HOURS PER WEEK IN A FAMILY ENTERPRISE,
OR
3. WHO HAS A JOB BUT HAS BEEN TEMPORARILY ABSENT WITH OR WITHOUT PAY.
• UNEMPLOYED
• A PERSON 16 YEARS OLD OR OLDER WHO IS NOT WORKING, IS AVAILABLE FOR WORK, AND HAS
MADE SPECIFIC EFFORTS TO FIND WORK DURING THE PREVIOUS 4 WEEKS.
17. SOLUTIONS
• ENCOURAGEMENT TO SMALL ENTERPRISES
• SUBSIDIES ON THE BASIS OF EMPLOYMENT
• ENCOURAGEMENT OF NEW GROWTH CENTERS IN SMALL TOWNS AND RURAL AREAS
18. UNEMPLOYMENT CAN BE REDUCED BY
• INCREASED GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
• LOWER TAXATION
• LOWER INTEREST RATES
• EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES