In this slide share we learn about betel, areca and opium.

1. Prepared by
Arun Singh Yadav, Vivek
Kumar Singh & Rajnish Kumar,
M.Sc. 2nd semester
Under the Supervision
of
Dr. Dinesh Yadav

2. Fumitories-
Those substances which are used for
smoking.
E.g.- Beedi, Cigarette, Cigar, Charas.
Masticatories-
Those substances which are used for chewing.
E.g.- Betel, Tobacco, Kattha, Supari.

3. Fumitories

4. Tobacco
“Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of
the tobacco plant by curing them”
Botanical name - Nicotiana tabacum
Family- Solanaceae
Parts of Plant use- Leaves
Geographical origin- North America
Active Ingredients- Nicotine, Harmine

5. • Tobacco is an important commodity all over
the world.
• The original wild ancestor is not known for
tobacco.
• Columbus was the first to note the use of
tobacco by Indians.
• Jean Nicot, for whom the plant was named
Nicotiana.
• Nicotiana benthamiana is most common
species Which is used as a source tobacco.

6. Cultivation-
• They are planted in seed beds, and
the seedlings are transplanted when
they are 4-6 inch in height.
• The best soil is light sandy loam, rich
in humus, and well fertilized with
potash, lime and other essential
elements.

7. • Dried tobacco leaves are
mainly used for smoking
in Cigarettes, Cigars, Pipe
tobacco and tobacco is
also used for chewing and
in Paan.
• Beedi is prepared by the
wrapping of tobacco in
the leaf of Coromandel
ebony.
Tobacco Flower and Bud
Uses-

8. Beedi
“ The leaves wrapped around the
tobacco to create the Indian beedi”
Botanical name- Diospyros melanoxylon
Common Name – Coromandel Ebony
Family - Ebenaceae
Parts of plant use- Leaves
Hindi name- Tendu Patta (chMh)
Native to- India And Sri Lanka

9. Cigarette
• A Cigarette is a small
cylinder of finely cut
tobacco leaves rolled in
a thin paper made up
of the Linum
usitatissimum.
• The end of cigarette by
which smoke is in held
is made up of
Gossypium hirusitum.

10. Cannabis or Marijuana
Hindi name – xkatk
English name- Marijuana
Botanical name- Cannabis sativa
Family- Cannabinaceae
Parts of plant use – Flower
Geographical origin – Central and South Asia
Active Ingredients –
Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabidiol, Cannabinol,
Tetrahydrocannabivarin

11. Mode of Consumption of Cannabis-
Bhang–
• Bhang is Prepared from dried
leaves & male & female
flowering shoots of the Cannabis
plant.
• It has low resin content.
• Cannabis, traditionally used in
food and drink in the Indian
subcontinent.
• In India and Nepal it is distributed
during some Hindu festival like
Holi, Shivaratri and consuming
bhang at such occasions is
common.

12. Charas (Hashish)
• Pure& undiluted, sticky
yellow resin which is
exuded from the female
flower of cannabis plants
k/a Charas in india &
Hashish in middle east.
• Which is handmade in
India, Lebanone,
Pakistan, Nepal, and
Jamaica.

13. • Charas was popular among young
professionals and Indian Sadhus, the
Naga Sadhu and Tantric, Bhairava.
• Many smoke it in clay pipes called
Chillums using a cotton cloth to cover
the smoking end of the chillum and
inserting a tightly packed pebble size
ball of cannabis as filter under the
chunk of Charas.

14. Ganja-
It is obtained from dried female
inflorescences of Cannabis plants.
It has relatively high resin
contents.

16. Paan
What is Paan?
“The leaf of betel wrapped along
with the betel nut, catechu, calcium
hydroxide, peppermint, clove,
cardamom and some time tobacco
leaf is added for the effect of
nicotine.”

17. Betel (Paan)
Hindi name – iku
Sanskrit name- rkEcqy
Botanical name – Piper betle
Family - Piperaceae
Parts of plant use – Leaf
Geographical origin –
Malaya Continent
Piper betle

20. Areca nut
• Name ( Hindi, Nepali,
Konkani, Marathi)- lqikjh
• Common Name – Betel Nut
• Botanical name – Areca
catechu
• Family - Arecaceae
Areca nut is the seed of
the Areca Palm ( Areca
catechu)
Areca nut

21. Areca nut is a popular masticatory in India.
It is a cultivated palm tree, probably a native to
Malaya.
It is widely cultivated in East Africa, India,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Indonesia.
It is mainly grown in coastal belt of Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, and Mumbai.
It usually grown as a mixed crop with plantain and
coconut.
Fruiting begins when plants are about 10-15 year old.

23. Ingredients in Areca Nut-
Arecatanins- A type of Tannin
Gallic acid, Oil gum,
A little Terpineol and Lignin
Alkaloids- Arecoline, Arecaidine and Guacine.
The Arecoline is the primary psychoactive
drug, contribute to histologic changes in the
oral mucosa.

24. Use of Areca nut

25. Gutka
• Gutka is a powdery,
granular, light
brownish to white
substance. Within
moments of chewing
mixing with saliva, the
gutkha begins to
dissolve and turn deep
red in color.

26. • Gutka or Guṭkha is a preparation of crushed areca
nut, tobacco, catechu, slaked lime and sweet.
• It is manufactured in India and exported to a few other
countries.

27. Areca catechu
Catechu is an extract of
Acacia tree, the wood is
boiled with the water
and evaporating the
brew.
• Common Name -
Catechu
• Hindi Name –
dRFkk
• Botanical name –
Areca catechu
• Family – Arecaceae
• Parts of plant use -
Wood
Catechu

29. Coca
• Botanical name -
Erythroxylum coca.
• Family- Erythroxylaceae.
• Parts of plant use - Leaf.
• Morphological nature of
plant - evergreen shrub or
small tree.
Coca

30. • Native to - Southwest America
• Distribution – it is now grown extensively in
South America , Java, Sri Lanka ,Taiwan ,India
& some part of U.S.A
• Active Ingredients - Cocaine & Ecgonine
• Geographical Origin - Andes.
• Fruit - Drupes.(reddish orange in colour)

31. Use of Coca
Coca is known for its psychoactive alkaloid,
Cocaine.
Coca is used for the treatment of malaria,
asthma, & indigestion.
Raw coca leaves chewed or consumed as tea.
Coca is rich in Vitamin-B, C, E, & Potassium,
Calcium & Phosphorus .
Coca tea is known as “ Mate de coca”

32. Opium Poppy
Opium Poppy
Hindi name - vQhe
Botanical name -
Papaver somniferum
Vern.name -Afeem,Post.
Family - Papaveraceae
Morphological nature of
plant &Height - Plants are
Annual herb & 60-120 cm high.

33. Fruit - Capsule (Large , Globose & Stalked)
(the fruits filled with a large number-
of small white & black seed)
Parts of plant Use - Seed.
Native to - Western Asia.
Distribution - At present, opium poppy is
cultivated mainly in Australia, India, Turkey
&USSR. It is also grown to a small extent in
Bulgaria, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Japan.

34. Opium is the latex obtainted by scratching the unripe
capsules.
Opium is the chief source of alkaloid morphine & it
is used as narcotic and sedative.
Use of Opium
Active Ingredients -The Crude Opium containes
near about 35 alkaloids. Some imp. Alkaloids are
Morphine, Thebaine, Codeine, Papaverin,
Noscapine……

35. Poppy seed is an important food item and the
source of poppy seed oil- A healthy edible oil.
Australia, India & Turkey are the major
producer of poppy for medicinal purpose and
poppy based drug & Morphine.
In India opium is smoked as maadak
substance.
Heroin is an important drug, a derivative of
the Morphine.