Mrs.Ushanagendra Lecturer Obstetrical&gynecological nursing

1. PLAY
P.Ushanagendra
MSC(Nursing)
Obstetrical&Gynecological Nursing.

2. ● Engage in activity for enjoyment and recreation rather
than a serious or practical purpose.
DEFINITION

3. ● FUNCTIONS OF PLAY

4. • Sensorimotor activity is a major component of play at all
ages but pre dominant in infancy.
• Active play essential for muscle development and serves to
release for surplus energy.
• Through this children explore the nature of the physical
world.
• Infants gain through tactile, auditory, visual etc
stimulation, where as toddlers and pre-schoolers revel in
body movement and exploration of things in space.
• With increasing age Sensorimotor becomes more
differentiated and involved.
Sensorimotor development

5. ● Through exploration and manipulation
children learn colours, textures sizes,
shapes and the significance of objects.
● They learn the significance of numbers
and how to use them, to associate
words with objects.
● Improves problem solving skills and
expand their knowledge.
● It also helps to comprehend the world
in which they live and distinguish
between fantasy and reality.
Intellectual development

6. ● Children from early infancy show interest
and pleasure in the company of others.
● Initially with the mother, but later with
other children through play they learn to
establish social relationship.
● They learn the role that the society
expects them to fulfill, as well as
appropriate patterns of behavior, develops
moral values.
Socialization

7. • There is no other active opportunity to be creative
than in play.
• Children experiments and tries out various ideas in the
play.
• Once they satisfy of creating something new and
different, they transfer this creative interest to
situations outside the world of play.
Creativity

8. • Beginning with active exploration of their bodies and
awareness of themselves as separate from the
mother, the process of self identity is facilitated by the
play.
• They become increasingly aware of who are they and
able to regulate their activities/behavior.
Self-awareness

9. • Play is therapeutic at any age.
• It provides means to release tensions and stress
encountered in the environment.
• They express emotions release their unacceptable
impulses in a socially acceptable manner.
• Through the medium of play they are able to
communicate to the alert their needs, fears and
desires.
Therapeutic value

10. • Although children learn at home and at school those
behavior considered right and wrong in the culture.
• The interaction with the peers during play contributes
to much of the moral training.
• The standard of moral is so rigid that the children
understand, they have to follow these rules in order to
be acceptable members in the group.
• They soon learn that their peers are less tolerant to
their behaviors.
Moral value

11. ● Parten recognized six different types of play:
● Unoccupied (play) – when the child is not playing, just
observing. A child may be standing in one spot or
performing random movements.
TYPES OF PLAY:

12. • when the child is alone and maintains this status by
being focused on its activity.
• Such a child is uninterested in or is unaware of what
others are doing.
• More common in younger children (age 2–3) as
opposed to older ones.
Solitary (independent) play

13. • when the child watches others at play but does not
engage in it.
• The child may engage in forms of social interaction,
such as conversation about the play, without actually
joining in the activity.
• This type of activity is also more common in younger
children.
Onlooker plays (behavior)

14. • when the child plays separately from others but close
to them and mimicking their actions.
• This type of play is seen as a transitory stage from a
socially immature solitary and onlooker type of play,
to a more socially mature associative and cooperative
type of play.
Parallel play (adjacent play, social
coactions)

15. • when the child is interested in the people playing but
not in the activity they are doing, or when there is no
organized activity at all.
• There is a substantial amount of interaction involved,
but the activities are not coordinated.
Associative play

16. • when a child is interested both in the people playing
and in the activity they are doing.
• In cooperative play, the activity is organized, and
participants have assigned roles.
• There is also increased self-identification with a group,
and a group identity may emerge.
• Relatively uncommon in the preschool years because it
requires the most social maturity and more advanced
organization skills.
• An example would be a game of freeze tag.
Cooperative play

17. • Play is one of the important aspects of a child’s life
and one of the most effective tools for managing
stress
• .Because hospitalization constitute crises in the child’s
life and often involve overwhelming stress, acting out
of fears and anxieties gives the child a means to cope
with these stresses.
VALUE OF PLAY IN HOSPITAL

18. • story telling –imaginative/anecdotal; before 5yrs
stories with themes and between 5-10 yrs stories with
themes about making things in the last.
• Water plays during bath-bubbling the soap, filling the
mugs etc.
• Television, art, needle play pre- and post operative
teachings.
Some of the bed side play are:

19. • Provide diversion and relaxation.
• Feel child more secure in a strange environment.
• Provides a means for release of tension and expression
of feelings.
• Lessen the stress of separation and feelings of home
sickness.
• Encourages interaction and development of positive
attitudes towards others.
Plays in hospital helps to:

20. Play items provided to the child should be :
According to the
➢ age,
➢ personality,
➢ abilities,
➢ experience,
➢ interest,
➢ environment as well as safety.
While purchasing play articles :parents should see
➢ the labels of age and safety recommendations. These
articles should be challenging or offer problem solving
opportunities.
SELECTION AND CARE OF PLAY
MATERIALS

21. • No sharp edges that can cut.
• No sharp points that can puncture. Children should
not be allowed to play with equipments with sharp
points
• No propelled objects that can injure the eyes.
• No small parts that can be swallowed.
Toys should have:

22. • Too small toys/part of toy with less than 1.25” in diameter
and less than 2.25” in depth as dangerous.
• No excessive noise that could affect hearing.
• No weakness, with round edges and not brittle.
• No elements that can cause burns (electric toys).
• No toxic paints or materials.
• Electronic toys and games familiarize children with today’s
computer technology.
• These toys are quite expensive;
• a wise parent should teach children to use them carefully.
Federal regulations define

23. THANK YOU