Open Research comprises open access to the broad range of research outputs, from journal articles and the underlying data to protocols, results (including negative results), software and tools. Open Research increases inclusivity and collaboration, improves transparency and reproducibility of research and underpins research integrity. This workshop focuses on the benefits of practicing open research for you as a researcher, to improve discoverability and maximise access to your work and to raise your professional profile. By the end of the session you will: • Have an understanding of the principles of Open Research • Understand open licences and how they apply to publications, data and software • Be able to apply key tools and techniques to increase the visibility of yourself and your research, including repositories, ORCID, social media and altmetrics • Describe the different ways of making research and data available open access

1. How practising open research can benefit you
2019/20
e: research@library.leeds.ac.uk
t: 0113 343 8956

2. Learning outcomes
By the end of the session you will:
• Have an understanding of the principles of Open Research
• Understand open licences and how they apply to publications, data and
software
• Be able to apply key tools and techniques to increase the visibility of
yourself and your research, including repositories, ORCID, social media and
altmetrics
• Describe the different ways of making research and data available open
access

3. Who are you?
• Staff or PGR?
• Faculty?
3
https://www.menti.com/
Please enter the code
67 74 67

4. Researcher Development Framework
https://www.vitae.ac.uk/vitae-publications/rdf-related/information-literacy-lens-on-the-vitae-researcher-
development-framework-rdf-apr-2012.pdf
Understands:
• Scholarly communications in all
their forms & the different means
of disseminating research results,
including open access
• The importance of info/data
sharing to maximise opportunity
for collaborative research
Is able to:
• Use different forms & styles of
communication and to network
accordingly
• Make us of a wide range of media
and comms technologies for
networking, info/data sharing and
promotion of research presence
• Engage with & develop a personal
profile in relevant scholarly
communities

5. What do you understand by “Open Research”?
https://www.menti.com/
Please enter the code
31 23 3

6. Why do research?
OR
(Not mutually exclusive!)

7. What is Open Research?
Open Science is the practice of science in such
a way that others can collaborate and
contribute, where research data, lab notes
and other research processes are freely
available, under terms that enable reuse,
redistribution and reproduction of the
research and its underlying data and methods.
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-
taxonomy/open-science-definition
We prefer the term “open research” to be more
inclusive of the humanities.
The same principles apply.
Open Science facets as a beehive

8. Open Access (publications)
Gold Open Access
• Free to read on publisher
website
• Alternative funding models
(e.g. Open Library of the
Humanities)
• Payment of Article Processing
Charges (APC) to a publisher
• University may pay APC if you
are funded by COAF or RCUK
http://library.leeds.ac.uk/open
-access-funding
• Paper should also be added to
Publications Database
Green Open Access
• Paper published in subscription
journal
• Log in to the University’s
Publications Database using your
IT username and password and
add your research outputs
(author accepted manuscript)
https://publications.leeds.ac.uk
• No cost involved
• Library checks, adds it to the
institutional repository (White
Rose Research Online) and applies
any embargoes
Preprints
• Version that precedes formal
peer review
• Preprint servers in a range of
disciplines
• Does not (usually) preclude
later formal publication
• Arxiv (1991)
• BioRxiv
• ChemRxiv
• PsyArxiv
e.g. Elsevier, not universal Not universal. Caveats applyRequired by UKRI

9. A note on Plan S
Hybrid model
• subscription access but gives
authors an option to pay to
make articles open access
• attracts criticism for charging
authors and subscribers at
the same time
• “double dipping”
• Plan S does not support
publication in hybrid journals
• Publications published under an open
license (CC-BY)
• Full and immediate access at the point of
publication
• Funders won’t pay APCs for Hybrid
journals (journals that charge both for
subscription and publication costs)
• Green OA is compliant as long as
publications are made openly available at
the point of publication (zero embargo)
https://library.leeds.ac.uk/info/14061/open_access/8/open_access_explained/4

10. Open Data
“as open as possible, as closed as necessary”
• Publicly-funded research data are a public good, produced in the public interest
• Publicly-funded research data should be openly available to the maximum extent
possible
• A data management plan should exist
• Software and code
• Wellcome Trust - Data, software and materials management and sharing policy
• “Output management plan”
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Horizon 2020

11. • REF 2021 Open Access Policy (UKRI)
• EPSRC policy framework on research data
• Data, software and materials management and
sharing policy (Wellcome Trust)
• University of Leeds publication policy
• Research data management policy
The policy burden

12. Benefit 1
Who is most likely to reuse
your data in the future?
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13. Benefit 1
Self-interest
Who is most likely to reuse your data in the future?
Retain access to your own material when you move institution
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Putting more of your work and data in the public domain is central to open science and increases ECRs’
opportunities for acknowledgment, exchange, collaboration, and advancement.
• Allen, C. and Mehler, D. (2019). Open science challenges, benefits and tips in early career and
beyond. PLOS Biology, 17(5), p.e3000246. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000246

14. Challenges
• Challenge 1: Restrictions on flexibility (e.g. registered reports*)
• Challenge 2: The time cost
• Challenge 3: Incentive structure isn’t in place yet
* Empirical article in which the methods and proposed analyses are registered and reviewed prior to research
being conducted – designed to minimise bias
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Overall, we believe open methods are worthwhile, positive, necessary, and inevitable but can come at a
cost that ECRs would do well to consider.
• Allen, C. and Mehler, D. (2019). Open science challenges, benefits and tips in early career and
beyond. PLOS Biology, 17(5), p.e3000246. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000246

15. Transparent and reproducible research
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Evaluating the replicability of social science experiments
in Nature and Science between 2010 and 2015
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0399-z
Ensuring that analyses and methodology are fully transparent throughout the
research lifecycle means you can better contribute to science and research,
saving time and enabling others to check your results.
• several high profile social science
studies could not be independently
replicated
• similar issues identified in psychology
and biomedical science
https://the-turing-way.netlify.com/reproducibility/03/definitions.html

16. Exercise
A researcher in your School has published a highly cited research paper.
A professor at another institution has reported that she cannot
replicate the reported research findings.
• What information and documentation would be needed for your
colleague to demonstrate how their findings can be replicated?”

17. UKRNLeeds
• UK Reproducibility Network
• http://ukrn.org
• ReproducibiliTea
• Resources and reading list
• https://osf.io/3qrj6/wiki/home/
• ReproducibiliTea at Leeds
• http://bit.ly/ReproducibiliTea
• Twitter - #UKRNLeeds

18. Infrastructure
• Repositories
• institutional
• 3rd party
• https://www.re3data.org/
• Persistent identifiers (PIDs)
• DOI
• ORCID - https://orcid.org/
• Social media
• Twitter*
• Blogs
• Mendeley*
• ResearchGate*
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“digital collections capturing and preserving the intellectual
output of a single or multi-university community”
SPARC 2006
* Is proprietary infrastructure properly ‘open’?

19. Infrastructure
• Repositories
• institutional
• 3rd party
• Persistent identifiers (PIDs)
• DOI
• ORCID - https://orcid.org/
• Social media
• Twitter*
• Blogs
• Mendeley*
• ResearchGate*
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PIDs eliminate ambiguity; the metadata associated with them
describes what something is, helps you find it, and lets you
know how to use and reuse it.
FREYA project
* Is proprietary infrastructure properly ‘open’?

20. Other tools
• Altmetric*
• Academia.edu*
• ScienceOpen -
https://www.scienceopen.com/
• Open Science Framework -
https://osf.io/
• Kudos -
https://growkudos.com/
• Wikimedia -
https://www.wikimedia.org/
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101 Innovations in Scholarly Communication
* Is proprietary infrastructure properly ‘open’?

21. Benefit 2
Be the change you want to see
By helping to change academic culture you benefit everyone
If your group isn’t doing it, initiate the discussion – impress
your peers!
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22. Open licences – Creative commons
• “Some rights reserved”
• Enable reuse, redistribution and reproduction
• Legal code / human and machine readable
No rights reserved
Attribution (CC-BY)
Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND)
Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC
BY-NC-SA)
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC
BY-NC-ND)

23. Software
• Make your code citable
• Github/Zenodo
• https://guides.github.com/activities/citable-code/
• Open Software License 3.0 (OSL-3.0)
• https://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
• GNU General Public Licence v3.0
• https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html
• MIT Licence
• https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
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24. Benefit 3
Open should be the default, not the
exception
Faster dissemination and impact (but make sure you talk to your
collaborators)
Research data has intrinsic value and will have an impact in itself and
through increased citation
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25. An example
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• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010
• http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/121665/
• https://doi.org/10.5518/252
• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-5353
• https://twitter.com/JirenXu
• https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PEATMAP.jpg
• https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58417726

26. An example

27. Altmetrics
To track the online attention for a specific piece of research
Altmetric.com needs:
An output (journal
article, dataset etc)
An identifier attached to
the output (DOI)
Mentions in a
source we track

28. The global commons

29. Benefit 4
Innovation thrives on collaboration
Wider reach, wider impact (outside academia).
Interdisciplinary research is the future – help your work reach others
29

30. Jack Andraka
• Invented a new type of sensor for early-stage pancreatic cancer
screening
• Grand prize at Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (2012)
I had no access to any information that wasn’t on the Internet. I was able to
educate myself using Google and Wikipedia. These resources can empower
not only patients, but researchers like me who do not have access to
university libraries or classrooms. I was able to learn the basics and then dig
deeper as questions arose. I was able to access research from many fields
and then connect the dots to create my new sensor.
Teen cancer researcher Jack Andraka discusses open access in science,
stagnation in medicine
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31. • Open access (publications)
• Funder policies
• Journal policies
• Preprints
• Open research data
• Researcher attitudes
• Funder policies
• Research data repositories
• Open code
• Github / Zenodo (DOI)
• Software licences
• Open scholarly comms
• Open peer review
• Networks
• Use of altmetrics
Bringing it all together

32. Self-interest
• Who is most likely to reuse your data in
the future?
Be the change you want to see
• Initiate the discussion – impress your
peers!
Open should be the default, not the
exception
• Faster dissemination and impact
Innovation thrives on collaboration
• Wider reach, wider impact (outside
academia)
Bringing it all together

33. Further information and support
Researcher support webpages: https://library.leeds.ac.uk/researcher
• Raising research visibility
• Open access
• Endnote
• Bibliometrics
• Literature searching
• Research data management
Email us: research@library.leeds.ac.uk
Call us: 0113 343 0583

34. Workshops
• Data management essentials: PGRs and research staff
• EndNote training webinar: For anyone who wants to learn the basics of EndNote
• Increase your research visibility: PGRs
• Increase your research visibility: Research staff
• Literature searching for your research project: PGRs and research staff
• Safeguarding sensitive data: for your research degree: PGRs
• Safeguarding sensitive data: for research staff: Research staff
• How practicing Open Research can benefit you: PGRs and research staff
• Finding open content for your research: PGRs and research staff
• Using Symplectic to increase the visibility of your research outputs: PGRs & research staff
• Introduction to bibliometrics for research staff: Suitable for research staff
• Publishing your PhD as a monograph: Suitable for PGRs and research staff
• Shut up and write: Suitable for PGRs and research staff
For more information and to book: http://bit.ly/376Ua7L