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3. At the end of this course you will:
 Understand how to use all major PowerCenter 7
components
 Be able to perform basic Repository administration tasks
 Be able to build basic ETL Mappings and Mapplets
 Be able to create, run and monitor Workflows
 Understand available options for loading target data
 Be able to troubleshoot most problems
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Course Objectives

4. Extract, Transform, and Load
RDBMSRDBMS MainframeMainframe OtherOther
Operational Systems
DataData
WarehouseWarehouse
Decision Support
• Transaction level data
• Optimized for Transaction
Response Time
• Current
• Normalized or De-
Normalized data
• Aggregated data
• Historical
ETLETL
Extract Load
Transform
Aggregate Data
Cleanse Data
Consolidate Data
Apply Business Rules
De-normalize

5. PowerCenter Architecture

6. PowerCenter 7 Architecture
Not Shown: Client ODBC Connections for Source and Target metadata
TargetsSources
native native
TCP/IP
Heterogeneous
Targets
Repository
Repository
Server
Repository
Agent
TCP/IP
native
Server
Heterogeneous
Targets
Repository Designer Workflow Workflow Rep Server
Manager Manager Monitor Administrative
Console

7. PowerCenter 7 Components
 PowerCenter Repository
 PowerCenter Repository Server
 PowerCenter Client
• Designer
• Repository Manager
• Repository Server Administration Console
• Workflow Manager
• Workflow Monitor
 PowerCenter Server
 External Components
• Sources
• Targets

8. Repository Topics
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 The purpose of the Repository Server and Agent
 The Repository Server Administration Console GUI
interface
 The Repository Manager GUI interface
 Repository maintenance operations
 Security and privileges
 Object sharing, searching and locking
 Metadata Extensions

9. Repository Server
 Each Repository has an independent architecture for
the management of the physical Repository tables
 Components: one Repository Server, and a Repository
Agent for each Repository
Client overhead for Repository management is greatly
reduced by the Repository Server
Repository
Repository
Server
Repository
Agent
Server
RepositoryRepository
ManagerManager
Repository Server
Administration Console

10. Repository Server Features
 Manages connections to the Repository from
client applications
 Can manage multiple Repositories on different
machines on a network
 Uses one Repository Agent process to insert,
update and fetch objects from the Repository
database tables, for each Repository it manages
 Maintains object consistency by controlling
object locking
The Repository Server runs on the same system running the Repository Agent

11. Repository Server Administration Console
Use Repository Administration console to Administer Repository Servers and
Repositories through Repository Server. Following tasks can be performed:
 Add, Edit and Remove Repository Configurations
 Export and Import Repository Configurations
 Create a Repository
 *Promote a local Repository to a Global Repository
 Copy a Repository
 Delete a Repository from the Database
 Backup and Restore a Repository
 Start, Stop, enable and Disable a Repositories
 View Repository connections and locks
 Close Repository connections.
 Upgrade a Repository

12. Repository Server Administration Console
Information
Nodes
Console Tree
HTML View
Hypertext Links to
Repository
Maintenance Tasks

13. Repository Management
 Perform all Repository
maintenance tasks through
Repository Server from the
Repository Server Administration
Console
 Create the Repository
Configuration
 Select Repository Configuration
and perform maintenance tasks:
• Create
• Delete
• Backup
• Copy from
• Disable
• Export Connection
• Make Global
• Notify Users
• Propagate
• Register
• Restore
• Un-Register
• Upgrade

14. Repository Manager
Use Repository manager to navigate through multiple folders and
repositories. Perform following tasks:
 Manage the Repository
• Launch Repository Server Administration Console for this
purpose
 Implement Repository Security
• Managing Users and Users Groups
 Perform folder functions
• Create, Edit, Copy and Delete folders
 View Metadata
• Analyze Source, Target, Mappings and Shortcut dependencies.

15. Repository Manager Interface
Navigator
Window
Main Window
Dependency Window
Output Window

16. Users, Groups and Repository Privileges
Steps:
 Create groups
 Create users
 Assign users to
groups
 Assign privileges to
groups
 Assign additional
privileges to users
(optional)

17. Managing Privileges
Check box assignment of privileges

18. Folder Permissions
 Assign one user as the
folder owner for first tier
permissions
 Select one of the owner’s
groups for second tier
permissions
 All users and groups in
the Repository will be
assigned the third tier
permissions

19. Object Locking
 Object Locks preserve Repository integrity
 Use the Edit menu for Viewing Locks and Unlocking
Objects

20. Object Searching
(Menu- Analyze – Search)
 Keyword search
• Limited to keywords
previously defined in
the Repository
(via Warehouse
Designer)
 Search all
• Filter and search
objects

21. Object Sharing
 Reuse existing objects
 Enforces consistency
 Decreases development time
 Share objects by using copies and shortcuts
Required security settings for sharing objects:
• Repository Privilege: Use Designer
• Originating Folder Permission: Read
• Destination Folder Permissions: Read/Write
COPY SHORTCUT
Copy object to another folder Link to an object in another folder
Changes to original object not
captured
Dynamically reflects changes to
original object
Duplicates space Preserves space
Copy from shared or unshared folder Created from a shared folder

22. Adding Metadata Extensions
 Allows developers and partners to extend the
metadata stored in the Repository
 Accommodates the following metadata types:
• Vendor-defined - Third-party application vendor-created
metadata lists
• For example, Applications such as Ariba or PowerConnect for
Siebel can add information such as contacts, version, etc.
• User-defined - PowerCenter/PowerMart users can define
and create their own metadata
 Must have Administrator Repository or Super
User Repository privileges

23. Sample Metadata Extensions
Sample User Defined
Metadata, e.g. - contact
information, business user
Reusable Metadata Extensions can also be created in the Repository Manager

24. Design Process
1. Create Source definition(s)
2. Create Target definition(s)
3. Create a Mapping
4. Create a Session Task
5. Create a Workflow from Task components
6. Run the Workflow
7. Monitor the Workflow and verify the results

25. Source Object Definitions
By the end of this section you will:
 Be familiar with the Designer GUI interface
 Be familiar with Source Types
 Be able to create Source Definitions
 Understand Source Definition properties
 Be able to use the Data Preview option

26. Source Analyzer
Analyzer Window
Navigation
Window
Designer Tools

27.  Import from Database
 Import from File
 Import from Cobol File
 Import from XML file
 Create manually
Methods of Analyzing Sources
Repository
Relational Flat file COBOL fileXML file
Source
Analyzer

28. Analyzing Relational Sources
Table
View
Synonym
Relational Source
DEFDEF
Source Analyzer
Repository
Repository
Server
Repository
Agent
TCP/IP
native
DEFDEF
ODBC

29. Analyzing Relational Sources
Editing Source Definition Properties

30. Analyzing Flat File Sources
Mapped Drive
NFS Mount
Local Directory DEFDEF
Fixed Width or
Delimited
Flat File
Source Analyzer
Repository
Repository
Server
Repository
Agent
TCP/IP
native
DEFDEF

31. Flat File Wizard
 Three-step
wizard
 Columns can
be renamed
within wizard
 Text, Numeric
and Datetime
datatypes are
supported
 Wizard
‘guesses’
datatype

32. XML Source Analysis
Mapped Drive
NFS Mounting
Local Directory
In addition to the DTD file, an
XML Schema or XML file
can be used as a Source
Definition
DEFDEF
.DTD File
DATADATA
Source Analyzer
Repository
Repository
Server
Repository
Agent
TCP/IP
native
DEFDEF

33. Analyzing VSAM Sources
Supported Numeric Storage Options:
COMP, COMP-3, COMP-6
Mapped Drive
NFS Mounting
Local Directory DEFDEF
.CBL File
DATADATA
Source Analyzer
Repository
Repository
Server
Repository
Agent
TCP/IP
native
DEFDEF

34. VSAM Source Properties

35. Target Object Definitions
By the end of this section you will:
 Be familiar with Target Definition types
 Know the supported methods of creating Target
Definitions
 Understand individual Target Definition properties

36. Creating Target Definitions
Methods of creating Target Definitions
 Import from Database
 Import from an XML file
 Manual Creation
 Automatic Creation

37. Automatic Target Creation
Drag-and-
drop a
Source
Definition
into
the
Warehouse
Designer
Workspace

38. Import Definition from Database
Can “Reverse engineer” existing object definitions
from a database system catalog or data dictionary
Table
View
Synonym
Warehouse
Designer
Database
DEF
Repository
Repository
Server
Repository
Agent
TCP/IP
native
DEFDEF
ODBC

39. 2. Add desired columns
ALT-F can also be used to create a new column
Manual Target Creation
1. Create empty definition
3. Finished target definition

40. Target Definition Properties

41. Target Definition Properties

42. Creating Physical Tables
LOGICAL
Repository target table
definitions
PHYSICAL
Target database
tables
DEF
DEF
DEF
Execute SQL
via
Designer

43. Create tables that do not already exist in target database
 Connect - connect to the target database
 Generate SQL file - create DDL in a script file
 Edit SQL file - modify DDL script as needed
 Execute SQL file - create physical tables in target database
Use Preview Data to verify
the results (right mouse
click on object)
Creating Physical Tables

44. Transformation Concepts
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 Transformation types and views
 Transformation calculation error treatment
 Null data treatment
 Informatica data types
 Expression transformation
 Expression Editor
 Informatica Functions
 Expression validation

45. Transformation Types
Informatica PowerCenter 7 provides 23
objects for data transformation
 Aggregator: performs aggregate calculations
 Application Source Qualifier: reads Application object sources as ERP
 Custom: Calls a procedure in shared library or DLL
 Expression: performs row-level calculations
 External Procedure (TX): calls compiled code for each row
 Filter: drops rows conditionally
 Joiner: joins heterogeneous sources
 Lookup: looks up values and passes them to other objects
 Normalizer: reorganizes records from VSAM, Relational and Flat File
 Rank: limits records to the top or bottom of a range
 Input: Defines mapplet input rows. Available in Mapplet designer
 Output: Defines mapplet output rows. Available in Mapplet designer

46. Transformation Types
 Router: splits rows conditionally
 Sequence Generator: generates unique ID values
 Sorter: sorts data
 Source Qualifier: reads data from Flat File and Relational Sources
 Stored Procedure: calls a database stored procedure
 Transaction Control: Defines Commit and Rollback transactions
 Union: Merges data from different databases
 Update Strategy: tags rows for insert, update, delete, reject
 XML Generator: Reads data from one or more Input ports and
outputs XML through single output port
 XML Parser: Reads XML from one or more Input ports and outputs
data through single output port
 XML Source Qualifier: reads XML data

47. Transformation Views
A transformation has
three views:
 Iconized - shows the
transformation in
relation to the rest of
the mapping
 Normal - shows the
flow of data through
the transformation
 Edit - shows
transformation ports
and properties; allows
editing

48. Edit Mode
Allows users with folder “write” permissions to change
or create transformation ports and properties
Switch
between
transformations
Define transformation
level properties
Define port level handling
Enter comments
Make reusable

49. Expression Transformation
Passive Transformation
Connected
Ports
• Mixed
• Variables allowed
Create expression in an
output or variable port
Usage
• Perform majority of
data manipulation
Perform calculations using non-aggregate functions
(row level)
Click here to invoke the
Expression Editor

50. Expression Editor
 An expression formula is a calculation or conditional statement
 Used in Expression, Aggregator, Rank, Filter, Router, Update Strategy
 Performs calculation based on ports, functions, operators, variables,
literals, constants and return values from other transformations

51. Informatica Functions - Samples
Character Functions
 Used to manipulate character data
 CHRCODE returns the numeric
value (ASCII or Unicode) of the first
character of the string passed to this
function
ASCII
CHR
CHRCODE
CONCAT
INITCAP
INSTR
LENGTH
LOWER
LPAD
LTRIM
RPAD
RTRIM
SUBSTR
UPPER
REPLACESTR
REPLACECHR
For backwards compatibility only - use || instead

52. Informatica Functions
Conversion Functions
 Used to convert datatypes
Date Functions
 Used to round, truncate, or
compare dates; extract one part
of a date; or perform arithmetic
on a date
 To pass a string to a date
function, first use the
TO_DATE function to convert
it to an date/time datatype
ADD_TO_DATE
DATE_COMPARE
DATE_DIFF
GET_DATE_PART
LAST_DAY
ROUND (date)
SET_DATE_PART
TO_CHAR (date)
TRUNC (date)
TO_CHAR (numeric)
TO_DATE
TO_DECIMAL
TO_FLOAT
TO_INTEGER
TO_NUMBER

53. Informatica Functions
Numerical Functions
 Used to perform mathematical
operations on numeric data
ABS
CEIL
CUME
EXP
FLOOR
LN
LOG
MOD
MOVINGAVG
MOVINGSUM
POWER
ROUND
SIGN
SQRT
TRUNC
COS
COSH
SIN
SINH
TAN
TANH
Scientific Functions
 Used to calculate
geometric values
of numeric data

54. Informatica Functions
Test Functions
 Used to test if a lookup result is null
 Used to validate data
ERROR
ABORT
DECODE
IIF
IIF(Condition,True,False)
ISNULL
IS_DATE
IS_NUMBER
IS_SPACES
Special Functions
Used to handle specific conditions within a session;
search for certain values; test conditional
statements
Encoding Functions
 Used to encode string values
SOUNDEX
METAPHONE

55. Expression Validation
The Validate or ‘OK’ button in the Expression
Editor will:
 Parse the current expression
• Remote port searching (resolves references to ports in
other transformations)
 Parse transformation attributes
• e.g. - filter condition, lookup condition, SQL Query
 Parse default values
 Check spelling, correct number of arguments in
functions, other syntactical errors

56. Variable Ports
Use to simplify complex expressions
• e.g. - create and store a depreciation formula to be
referenced more than once
Use in another variable port or an output port expression
Local to the transformation (a variable port cannot also be
an input or output port)
Available in the Expression, Aggregator and Rank
transformations

57. Informatica Data Types
 Transformation datatypes allow mix and match of source and target
database types
 When connecting ports, native and transformation datatypes must be
compatible (or must be explicitly converted)
NATIVE DATATYPES TRANSFORMATION DATATYPES
Specific to the source and target
database types
PowerMart / PowerCenter internal
datatypes based on ANSI SQL-92
Display in source and target tables
within Mapping Designer
Display in transformations within
Mapping Designer
Native NativeTransformation

58. Datatype Conversions
 All numeric data can be converted to all other numeric datatypes,
e.g. - integer, double, and decimal
 All numeric data can be converted to string, and vice versa
 Date can be converted only to date and string, and vice versa
 Raw (binary) can only be linked to raw
 Other conversions not listed above are not supported
 These conversions are implicit; no function is necessary
Integer Decimal Double Char Date Raw
Integer X X X X
Decimal X X X X
Double X X X X
Char X X X X X
Date X X
Raw X

59. Mappings
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 Mapping components
 Source Qualifier transformation
 Mapping validation
 Data flow rules
 System Variables
 Mapping Parameters and Variables

60. Mapping Designer
Iconized Mapping
Mapping List
Transformation Toolbar

61. Pre-SQL and Post-SQL Rules
Can use any command that is valid for the
database type; no nested comments
Can use Mapping Parameters and Variables in
SQL executed against the source
Use a semi-colon (;) to separate multiple
statements
Informatica Server ignores semi-colons within
single quotes, double quotes or within /* ...*/
To use a semi-colon outside of quotes or
comments, ‘escape’ it with a back slash ()
Workflow Manager does not validate the SQL

62. Data Flow Rules
 Each Source Qualifier starts a single data stream
(a dataflow)
 Transformations can send rows to more than one
transformation (split one data flow into multiple pipelines)
 Two or more data flows can meet together -- if (and only if)
they originate from a common active transformation
 Cannot add an active transformation into the mix
Example holds true with Normalizer in lieu of Source Qualifier. Exceptions are:
Mapplet Input and Joiner transformations
DISALLOWED
TT
Active
ALLOWED
T
Passive
T

63. Connection Validation
Examples of invalid connections in a Mapping:
 Connecting ports with incompatible datatypes
 Connecting output ports to a Source
 Connecting a Source to anything but a Source
Qualifier or Normalizer transformation
 Connecting an output port to an output port or
an input port to another input port
 Connecting more than one active
transformation to another transformation
(invalid dataflow)

64. Mapping Validation
 Mappings must:
• Be valid for a Session to run
• Be end-to-end complete and contain valid expressions
• Pass all data flow rules
 Mappings are always validated when saved; can be validated
without being saved
 Output Window will always display reason for invalidity

65. Workflows
By the end of this section, you will be familiar with:
 The Workflow Manager GUI interface
 Workflow Schedules
 Setting up Server Connections
 Relational, FTP and External Loader
 Creating and configuring Workflows
 Workflow properties
 Workflow components
 Workflow Tasks

66. Workflow Manager Interface
Task
Tool Bar
Output Window
Navigator
Window
Workspace
Status Bar
Workflow
Designer
Tools

67. Workflow Manager Tools
Workflow Designer
• Maps the execution order and dependencies of Sessions,
Tasks and Worklets, for the Informatica Server
Task Developer
• Create Session, Shell Command and Email tasks
• Tasks created in the Task Developer are reusable
Worklet Designer
• Creates objects that represent a set of tasks
• Worklet objects are reusable

68. Workflow Structure
A Workflow is set of instructions for the Informatica Server
to perform data transformation and load
Combines the logic of Session Tasks, other types of Tasks
and Worklets
The simplest Workflow is composed of a Start Task, a Link
and one other Task
Start
Task
Session
Task
Link

69. Workflow Scheduler Objects
 Setup reusable schedules to
associate with multiple
Workflows
 Used in Workflows and
Session Tasks

70. Server Connections
Configure Server data access connections
 Used in Session Tasks
Configure:
1. Relational
2. MQ Series
3. FTP
4. Custom
5. External Loader

71. Relational Connections (Native )
Create a relational (database) connection
 Instructions to the Server to locate relational tables
 Used in Session Tasks

72. Relational Connection Properties
 Define native
relational (database)
connection
Optional Environment SQL
(executed with each use of
database connection)
User Name/Password
Database connectivity
information
Rollback Segment
assignment (optional)

73. FTP Connection
 Create an FTP connection
− Instructions to the Server to ftp flat files
− Used in Session Tasks

74. External Loader Connection
 Create an External Loader connection
− Instructions to the Server to invoke database bulk loaders
− Used in Session Tasks

75. Task Developer
Create basic Reusable “building blocks” – to use in any Workflow
Reusable Tasks
• Session Set of instructions to execute Mapping logic
• Command Specify OS shell / script command(s) to run
during the Workflow
• Email Send email at any point in the Workflow
Session
Command
Email

76. Session Task
 Server instructions to runs the logic of ONE specific Mapping
• e.g. - source and target data location specifications,
memory allocation, optional Mapping overrides,
scheduling, processing and load instructions
 Becomes a
component of a
Workflow (or
Worklet)
 If configured in
the Task
Developer,
the Session Task
is reusable
(optional)

77. Command Task
Specify one (or more) Unix shell or DOS (NT, Win2000)
commands to run at a specific point in the Workflow
Becomes a component of a Workflow (or Worklet)
If configured in the Task Developer, the Command Task is
reusable (optional)
Commands can also be referenced in a Session through the Session
“Components” tab as Pre- or Post-Session commands

78. Command Task

79. Additional Workflow Components
Two additional components are Worklets and Links
Worklets are objects that contain a series of Tasks
Links are required to connect objects in a Workflow

80. Developing Workflows
Create a new Workflow in the Workflow Designer
Customize
Workflow name
Select a
Server

81. Workflow Properties
Customize Workflow
Properties
Workflow log displays
Select a Workflow
Schedule (optional)
May be reusable or
non-reusable

82. Workflows Properties
Define Workflow Variables that can
be used in later Task objects
(example: Decision Task)
Create a User-defined Event
which can later be used
with the Raise Event Task

83. Building Workflow Components
Add Sessions and other Tasks to the Workflow
Connect all Workflow components with Links
Save the Workflow
Start the Workflow Save
Start Workflow
Sessions in a Workflow can be independently executed

84. Workflow Designer - Links
Required to connect Workflow Tasks
Can be used to create branches in a Workflow
All links are executed -- unless a link condition is used which
makes a link false
Link 2
Link 1 Link 3

85. Session Tasks
After this section, you will be familiar with:
How to create and configure Session Tasks
Session Task properties
Transformation property overrides
Reusable vs. non-reusable Sessions
Session partitions

86. Session Task
Created to execute the logic of a mapping (one mapping only)
Session Tasks can be created in the Task Developer (reusable)
or Workflow Developer (Workflow-specific)
Steps to create a Session Task
• Select the Session button from the Task Toolbar or
• Select menu Tasks | Create
Session Task Bar Icon

87. Session Task - General

88. Session Task - Properties

89. Session Task – Config Object

90. Session Task - Sources

91. Session Task - Targets

92. Session Task - Transformations
Allows overrides of
some transformation
properties
Does not change the
properties in the
Mapping

93. Session Task - Partitions

94. Monitor Workflows
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 The Workflow Monitor GUI interface
 Monitoring views
 Server monitoring modes
 Filtering displayed items
 Actions initiated from the Workflow Monitor
 Truncating Monitor Logs

95. Monitor Workflows
The Workflow Monitor is the tool for monitoring
Workflows and Tasks
Review details about a Workflow or Task in two views
• Gantt Chart view
• Task view
Gantt Chart view
Task view

96. Monitoring Workflows
Perform operations in the Workflow Monitor
• Restart -- restart a Task, Workflow or Worklet
• Stop -- stop a Task, Workflow, or Worklet
• Abort -- abort a Task, Workflow, or Worklet
• Resume -- resume a suspended Workflow after a
failed Task is corrected
View Session and Workflow logs
Abort has a 60 second timeout
• If the Server has not completed processing and
committing data during the timeout period, the
threads and processes associated with the Session
are killed
Stopping a Session Task means the Server stops reading data

97. Monitoring Workflows
Task View
Start
Completion
Task Workflow Worklet Time Time
Status Bar
Start, Stop, Abort, Resume
Tasks,Workflows and Worklets

98. Monitor Window Filtering
Task View provides filtering
Monitoring filters
can be set using
drop down menus
Minimizes items
displayed in
Task View
Right-click on Session to retrieve the
Session Log (from the Server to the
local PC Client)

99. Debugger
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 Creating a Debug Session
 Debugger windows & indicators
 Debugger functionality and options
 Viewing data with the Debugger
 Setting and using Breakpoints
 Tips for using the Debugger

100. Debugger Features
Debugger is a Wizard driven tool
• View source / target data
• View transformation data
• Set break points and evaluate expressions
• Initialize variables
• Manually change variable values
Debugger is
• Session Driven
• Data can be loaded or discarded
• Debug environment can be saved for later use

101. Debugger Interface
Debugger windows & indicators
Session Log tab Target Data window
Transformation
Instance
Data window
Flashing
yellow
SQL
indicator
Debugger Mode
indicator
Solid yellow
arrow Current
Transformation
indicator
Debugger
Log tab

102. Active Transformation
Connected
Ports
• All input / output
Specify a Filter condition
Usage
• Filter rows from
flat file sources
• Single pass source(s)
into multiple targets
Drops rows conditionally
Filter Transformation

103. Aggregator Transformation
Active Transformation
Connected
Ports
• Mixed
• Variables allowed
• Group By allowed
Create expressions in
output or variable ports
Usage
• Standard aggregations
Performs aggregate calculations

104. Informatica Functions
Aggregate Functions
 Return summary values for non-null
data in selected ports
 Use only in Aggregator
transformations
 Use in output ports only
 Calculate a single value (and row)
for all records in a group
 Only one aggregate function can be
nested within an aggregate function
 Conditional statements can be used
with these functions
AVG
COUNT
FIRST
LAST
MAX
MEDIAN
MIN
PERCENTILE
STDDEV
SUM
VARIANCE

105. Aggregate Expressions
Conditional
Aggregate
expressions
are supported Conditional SUM format: SUM(value, condition)
Aggregate
functions are
supported
only
in the
Aggregator
Transformation

106. Aggregator Properties
Sorted Input Property
Set Aggregator
cache sizes (on
Informatica Server
machine)
Instructs the
Aggregator to
expect the data
to be sorted

107. Sorted Data
 The Aggregator can handle sorted or unsorted data
• Sorted data can be aggregated more efficiently, decreasing
total processing time
 The Server will cache data from each group and
release the cached data -- upon reaching the first
record of the next group
 Data must be sorted according to the order of the
Aggregator “Group By” ports
 Performance gain will depend upon varying factors

108. Incremental Aggregation
Trigger in
Session Properties,
Performance
Tab
 Cache is saved into $PMCacheDir: aggregatorname.DAT
aggregatorname.IDX
 Upon next run, files are overwritten with new cache information
MTD
calculation
Best Practice is to copy these files in case a rerun of data is ever required.
Reinitialize when no longer needed, e.g. – at the beginning new month processing
Example: When triggered, PowerCenter Server will save
new MTD totals. Upon next run (new totals), Server will
subtract old totals; difference will be passed forward

109. Joiner Transformation
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 When to use a Joiner Transformation
 Homogeneous Joins
 Heterogeneous Joins
 Joiner properties
 Joiner Conditions
 Nested joins

110. Homogeneous Joins
Joins that can be performed with a SQL SELECT statement:
 Source Qualifier contains a SQL join
 Tables on same database server (or are synonyms)
 Database server does the join “work”
 Multiple homogenous tables can be joined

111. Heterogeneous Joins
Joins that cannot be done with a SQL statement:
 An Oracle table and a Sybase table
 Two Informix tables on different database servers
 Two flat files
 A flat file
and a
database
table

112. Joiner Transformation
Active Transformation
Connected
Ports
• All input or input / output
• “M” denotes port comes
from master source
Specify the Join condition
Usage
• Join two flat files
• Join two tables from
different databases
• Join a flat file with a
relational table
Performs heterogeneous joins on records from
different databases or flat file sources

113. Joiner Conditions
Multiple
join
conditions
are supported

114. Joiner Properties
Join types:
• “Normal”
(inner)
• Master outer
• Detail outer
• Full outer
Joiner can accept sorted data (configure the join condition to
use the sort origin ports)
Set
Joiner Cache

115. Mid-Mapping Join
The Joiner does not accept input in the following situations:
 Both input pipelines begin with the same Source Qualifier
 Both input pipelines begin with the same Normalizer
 Both input pipelines begin with the same Joiner
 Either input pipeline contains an Update Strategy

116. Sorter Transformation
 Can sort data from relational tables or flat files
 Sort takes place on the Informatica Server machine
 Multiple sort keys are supported
 The Sorter transformation is often more efficient than
a sort performed on a database with an ORDER BY
clause

117. Lookup Transformation
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 Lookup principles
 Lookup properties
 Lookup conditions
 Lookup techniques
 Caching considerations

118. How a Lookup Transformation Works
Lookup
value(s)
Return value(s)
Lookup transformation
 For each Mapping row, one or more port values are looked
up in a database table
 If a match is found, one or more table values are returned
to the Mapping. If no match is found, NULL is returned

119. Lookup Transformation
Looks up values in a database table and provides
data to other components in a Mapping
Passive Transformation
Connected / Unconnected
Ports
• Mixed
• “L” denotes Lookup port
• “R” denotes port used as a
return value (unconnected
Lookup only)
Specify the Lookup Condition
Usage
• Get related values
• Verify if records exists or
if data has changed

120. Lookup Properties
Override
Lookup SQL
option
Native
Database
Connection
Object name
Toggle
caching

121. Additional Lookup Properties
Set cache
directory
Set
Lookup
cache sizes
Make cache
persistent

122. Lookup Conditions
Multiple conditions are supported

123. To Cache or not to Cache?
Caching can significantly impact performance
 Cached
• Lookup table data is cached locally on the Server
• Mapping rows are looked up against the cache
• Only one SQL SELECT is needed
 Uncached
• Each Mapping row needs one SQL SELECT
 Rule Of Thumb: Cache if the number (and size) of
records in the Lookup table is small relative to the
number of mapping rows requiring lookup

124. Target Options
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 Row type indicators
 Row operations at load time
 Constraint-based loading considerations
 Rejected row handling options

125. Target Properties
Session Task
Select target
instance
Row loading
operations
Error handling
Properties Tab

126. Constraint-based Loading
pk1
fk1, pk2
fk2
pk1
fk1, pk2
fk2
Example 1
With only One Active source, rows
for Targets 1-3 will be loaded
properly and maintain referential
integrity
Example 2
With Two Active sources, it is not
possible to control whether rows for
Target 3 will be loaded before or
after those for Target 2
Maintains referential integrity in the Targets
The following transformations are ‘Active sources’: Advanced External Procedure,
Source Qualifier, Normalizer, Aggregator, Sorter, Joiner, Rank, Mapplet (containing
any of the previous transformations)

127. Update Strategy Transformation
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 Update Strategy functionality
 Update Strategy expressions
 Refresh strategies
 Smart aggregation

128. Update Strategy Transformation
Used to specify how each individual row will be used to
update target tables (insert, update, delete, reject)
Active Transformation
Connected
Ports
• All input / output
Specify the Update
Strategy Expression
Usage
• Updating Slowly
Changing Dimensions
• IIF or DECODE logic
determines how to
handle the record

129. Target Refresh Strategies
 Single snapshot: Target truncated, new records
inserted
 Sequential snapshot: new records inserted
 Incremental: Only new records are inserted.
Records already present in the target are ignored
 Incremental with Update: Only new records are
inserted. Records already present in the target are
updated

130. Router Transformation
Rows sent to multiple filter conditions
Active Transformation
Connected
Ports
• All input/output
• Specify filter conditions
for each Group
Usage
• Link source data in one
pass to multiple filter
conditions

131. Router Transformation in a Mapping

132. Parameters and Variables
By the end of this section you will understand:
 System Variables
 Creating Parameters and Variables
 Features and advantages
 Establishing values for Parameters and Variables

133. System Variables
SESSSTARTTIME
$$$SessStartTime  Returns the system date value as a
string. Uses system clock on machine
hosting Informatica Server
• format of the string is database type
dependent
• Used in SQL override
• Has a constant value
 Returns the system date value on the
Informatica Server
• Used with any function that accepts
transformation date/time data types
• Not to be used in a SQL override
• Has a constant value
SYSDATE  Provides current datetime on the
Informatica Server machine
• Not a static value

134. Mapping Parameters and Variables
 Apply to all transformations within one Mapping
 Represent declared values
 Variables can change in value during run-time
 Parameters remain constant during run-time
 Provide increased development flexibility
 Defined in Mapping menu
 Format is $$VariableName or $$ParameterName

135. Mapping Parameters and Variables
Sample declarations
Declare Variables and Parameters in the Designer Mappings menu
Set the
appropriate
aggregation
type
Set optional
Initial Value
User-
defined
names

136. Functions to Set Mapping Variables
 SetCountVariable -- Counts the number of
evaluated rows and increments or decrements a
mapping variable for each row
 SetMaxVariable -- Evaluates the value of a mapping
variable to the higher of two values
 SetMinVariable -- Evaluates the value of a mapping
variable to the lower of two values
 SetVariable -- Sets the value of a mapping variable
to a specified value

137. Unconnected Lookup
 Will be physically “unconnected” from other transformations
• There can be NO data flow arrows leading to or from an
unconnected Lookup
Function in the
Aggregator calls the
unconnected Lookup
Lookup function can be set within any
transformation that supports expressions
Lookup data is
called from the
point in the
Mapping that
needs it

138. Conditional Lookup Technique
Two requirements:
 Must be Unconnected (or “function mode”) Lookup
 Lookup function used within a conditional statement
 Conditional statement is evaluated for each row
 Lookup function is called only under the pre-defined
condition
IIF ( ISNULL(customer_id),:lkp.MYLOOKUP(order_no))
Condition
Lookup function
Row keys
(passed to Lookup)

139. Conditional Lookup Advantage
 Data lookup is performed only for those rows which
require it. Substantial performance can be gained
EXAMPLE: A Mapping will process 500,000 rows. For two
percent of those rows (10,000) the item_id value is NULL.
Item_ID can be derived from the SKU_NUMB.
IIF ( ISNULL(item_id), :lkp.MYLOOKUP (sku_numb))
Condition
(true for 2 percent of all
rows)
Lookup
(called only when condition is
true)
Net savings = 490,000 lookups

140. Connected vs. Unconnected Lookups
CONNECTED LOOKUP UNCONNECTED LOOKUP
Part of the mapping data flow Separate from the mapping data
flow
Returns multiple values (by linking
output ports to another
transformation)
Returns one value (by checking the
Return (R) port option for the output
port that provides the return value)
Executed for every record passing
through the transformation
Only executed when the lookup
function is called
More visible, shows where the
lookup values are used
Less visible, as the lookup is called
from an expression within another
transformation
Default values are used Default values are ignored

141. Heterogeneous Targets
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 Heterogeneous target types
 Heterogeneous target limitations
 Target conversions

142. Definition: Heterogeneous Targets
Supported target definition types:
 Relational database
 Flat file
 XML
 ERP (SAP BW, PeopleSoft, etc.)
A heterogeneous target is where the target types are
different or the target database connections are different
within a single Session Task

143. Step One: Identify Different Target Types
Oracle table
Flat file
Oracle table
Tables are EITHER in two
different databases, or
require different (schema-
specific) connect strings
One target is a flatfile load

144. Step Two: Different Database Connections
The two database
connections WILL
differ
Flatfile requires
separate location
information

145. Target Type Override (Conversion)
Example: Mapping has SQL Server target definitions.
Session Task can be set to load Oracle tables instead,
using an Oracle database connection.
Only the following overrides are supported:
 Relational target to flat file target
 Relational target to any other relational database type
 SAP BW target to a flat file target
CAUTION: If target definition datatypes are not compatible with datatypes in newly
selected database type, modify the target definition

146. Mapplet Designer
Mapplet
Transformation
Icons
Mapplet Output
Transformation
Mapplet Designer Tool

147. Mapplet Advantages
 Useful for repetitive tasks / logic
 Represents a set of transformations
 Mapplets are reusable
 Use an ‘instance’ of a Mapplet in a Mapping
 Changes to a Mapplet are inherited by all instances
 Server expands the Mapplet at runtime

148. Active and Passive Mapplets
 Passive Mapplets contain only passive transformations
 Active Mapplets contain one or more active
transformations
CAUTION: changing a passive Mapplet into an active
Mapplet may invalidate Mappings which use that
Mapplet
• Do an impact analysis in Repository Manager first

149. Using Active and Passive Mapplets
Multiple Passive
Mapplets can populate
the same target
instance
Multiple Active Mapplets
or Active and Passive
Mapplets cannot
populate the same
target instance
Active
Passive

150. Reusable Transformations
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 Reusable transformation advantages
 Reusable transformation rules
 Promoting transformations to reusable
 Copying reusable transformations

151. Reusable Transformations
 Define once - reuse many times
 Reusable Transformations
• Can be a copy or a shortcut
• Edit Ports only in Transformation Developer
• Can edit Properties in the mapping
• Instances dynamically inherit changes
• Be careful: It is possible to invalidate mappings by
changing reusable transformations
 Transformations that cannot be made reusable
• Source Qualifier
• ERP Source Qualifier
• Normalizer used to read a Cobol data source

152. Promoting a Transformation to Reusable
Place a
check in the
“Make
reusable” box
This action
is not
reversible

153. Sequence Generator Transformation
Generates unique keys for any port on a row
Passive Transformation
Connected
Ports
• Two predefined
output ports,
NEXTVAL and
CURRVAL
• No input ports allowed
Usage
• Generate sequence numbers
• Shareable across mappings

154. Sequence Generator Properties
Number
of
Cached
Values

155. Dynamic Lookup
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 Dynamic lookup theory
 Dynamic lookup advantages
 Dynamic lookup rules

156. Additional Lookup Cache Options
Dynamic Lookup Cache
• Allows a row to know about the
handling of a previous row
Cache File Name Prefix
• Reuse cache by
name for another
similar business
purpose
Recache from Database
• Overrides other
settings and Lookup
data is refreshed
Make cache
persistent

157. Persistent Caches
 By default, Lookup caches are not persistent
 When Session completes, cache is erased
 Cache can be made persistent with the Lookup
properties
 When Session completes, the persistent cache is
stored on server hard disk files
 The next time Session runs, cached data is loaded
fully or partially into RAM and reused
 Can improve performance, but “stale” data may pose
a problem

158. Dynamic Lookup Cache Advantages
 When the target table is also the Lookup table,
cache is changed dynamically as the target load
rows are processed in the mapping
 New rows to be inserted into the target or for
update to the target will affect the dynamic Lookup
cache as they are processed
 Subsequent rows will know the handling of
previous rows
 Dynamic Lookup cache and target load rows
remain synchronized throughout the Session run

159. Update Dynamic Lookup Cache
NewLookupRow port values
• 0 – static lookup, cache is not changed
• 1 – insert row to Lookup cache
• 2 – update row in Lookup cache
Does NOT change row type
Use the Update Strategy transformation before or
after Lookup, to flag rows for insert or update to the
target
Ignore NULL Property
• Per port
• Ignore NULL values from input row and update the cache
using only with non-NULL values from input

160. Example: Dynamic Lookup Configuration
Router Group Filter Condition should be:
NewLookupRow = 1
This allows isolation of insert rows from update rows

161. Concurrent and Sequential Workflows
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 Concurrent Workflows
 Sequential Workflows
 Scheduling Workflows
 Stopping, aborting, and suspending Tasks and
Workflows

162. Multi-Task Workflows - Sequential
Tasks can be run sequentially:
Tasks shows are all Sessions, but they can also be
other Tasks, such as Commands, Timer or Email Tasks

163. Multi-Task Workflows - Concurrent
Tasks can be run concurrently:
Tasks shows are all Sessions, but they can also be
other Tasks such as Commands, Timer or Email Tasks.

164. Multi-Task Workflows - Combined
 Tasks can be run in a combination concurrent and
sequential pattern within one Workflow:
 Tasks shows are all Sessions, but they can also be
other Tasks such as Commands, Timer or Email Tasks

165. Additional Transformations
By the end of this section you will be familiar with:
 The Rank transformation
 The Normalizer transformation
 The Stored Procedure transformation
 The External Procedure transformation
 The Advanced External Procedure transformation

166. Rank Transformation
Active Transformation
Connected
Ports
• Mixed
• One pre-defined
output port
RANKINDEX
• Variables allowed
• Group By allowed
Usage
• Select top/bottom
• Number of records
Filters the top or bottom range of records

167. Normalizer Transformation
Normalizes records from relational or VSAM sources
Active Transformation
Connected
Ports
• Input / output or output
Usage
• Required for VSAM
Source definitions
• Normalize flat file or
relational source
definitions
• Generate multiple
records from one record

168. Normalizer Transformation
Turn one row
YEAR,ACCOUNT,MONTH1,MONTH2,MONTH3, … MONTH12
1997,Salaries,21000,21000,22000,19000,23000,26000,29000,29000,34000,34000,40000,4500
0
1997,Benefits,4200,4200,4400,3800,4600,5200,5800,5800,6800,6800,8000,9000
1997,Expenses,10500,4000,5000,6500,3000,7000,9000,4500,7500,8000,8500,8250
Into multiple rows

169. Stored Procedure Transformation
Calls a database stored procedure
Passive Transformation
Connected/Unconnected
Ports
• Mixed
• “R” denotes port will
return a value from the
stored function to the
next transformation
Usage
• Perform transformation
logic outside PowerMart /
PowerCenter

170. External Procedure Transformation (TX)
Calls a passive procedure defined in a dynamic linked
library (DLL) or shared library
Passive Transformation
Connected/Unconnected
Ports
• Mixed
• “R” designates return
value port of an
unconnected
transformation
Usage
• Perform transformation
logic outside PowerMart /
PowerCenter
Option to allow partitioning

171. Advanced TX Transformation
Calls an active procedure defined in a dynamic linked
library (DLL) or shared library
Active Transformation
Connected Mode only
Ports
• Mixed
Usage
• Perform
transformation logic
outside PowerMart /
PowerCenter
• Sorting, Aggregation
Option to allow partitioning

172. Transaction Control Transformation
Passive Transformation
Connected Mode Only
Ports
• Input and Output
Properties
• Continue
• Commit Before
• Commit After
• Rollback Before
• Rollback After
Allows custom commit types (source- or target-
based) and user-defined conditional commits

173. Transaction Control Functionality
Commit Types
• Target Based Commit -
Commit Based on “approximate” number of records
written to target
• Source Based Commit –
Ensures that a source record is committed in all targets
• User Defined Commit –
Uses Transaction Control Transform to specify
commits and rollbacks in the mapping based on
conditions
 Set the Commit Type (and other specifications) in
the Transaction Control Condition

174. Versioning
View Object Version Properties
Track Changes to an Object
Check objects “in” and “out”
Delete or Purge Object version
Apply Labels and Run queries
Deployment Groups

175. Informatica Business Analytics Suite
Custom Built
Analytic Solutions
Packaged
Analytic Solutions
Modular
Plug-&-Play
Approach

176. Informatica Warehouses / Marts
Informatica Warehouse™
Supply ChainHuman
Resources
FinanceCustomer
Relationship
Sales
Marketing
Service
Web
G/L
Receivables
Payables
Profitability
Compensation
Scorecard
Planning
Sourcing
Inventory
Quality
Customer Product Supplier Geography
Organization Time Employee
Common Dimensions

177. Inside the Informatica Warehouse
 Business Adapters™ (Extract)
• Data Source Connectivity with Minimal
Load
• Structural/Functional Knowledge of
Sources
 Analytic Bus™ (Transform)
• Transaction consolidation and
standardization
• Source independent interface
 Warehouse Loader (Load)
• Type I, II slowly changing dimensions
• History and changed record tracking
 Analytic Data Model
• Industry Best Practice Metrics
• Process-centric model & conformed
dimensions
 Advanced Calculation Engine
• Pre-aggregations for rapid query response
• Complex calculation metrics (e.g.
statistical)SAP i2 PSFTSEBLORCL Custom
Business Intelligence
Informatica Warehouse™
Analytic
Data Model
Advanced
Calculation
Engine
Warehouse Loader™
Analytic Bus™
Business Adapters™
ExtractTransformLoad

178. PowerConnect Products
Family of enterprise software products that allow
companies to directly source and integrate ERP, CRM,
real-time message queue, mainframe, AS/400, remote
data and metadata with other enterprise data
 PowerConnect for MQSeries (real time)
 PowerConnect for TIBCO (real time)
 PowerConnect for PeopleSoft
 PowerConnect for SAP R/3
 PowerConnect for SAP BW
 PowerConnect for Siebel
 PowerConnect for Mainframe
 PowerConnect for AS/400
 PowerConnect for Remote Data
 PowerConnect SDK