- Over the past 200 years, the world has rapidly urbanized, with over 50% of the population now living in urban areas, projected to rise to 70% by 2050, with most growth occurring in emerging countries. - Cities are the main drivers of economic development and innovation but also pose challenges to sustainable development if not properly managed, as they are major sources of pollution and CO2 emissions. - The EU Cohesion Policy supports urban development and aims to address issues facing deprived urban neighborhoods through programs like URBACT, which fosters transnational exchange and cooperation among cities.