By Mark Howells, Director and Professor, Division of Energy Systems Analysis, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

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2. STGs interlinked.
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3. Resources linked. And NOW modelable. With open source tools and communities.
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4. Mapping between the two.
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7. Bottom line: A policy that was meant to 1. Improve economics. 2. reduce emissions and 3.
Improve energy security has the opposite effect when looking at the interlinkages.
Mauritius now has a ‘high level CLEWs’ panel to evaluate policy.
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8. A key driver for water depletion is food demand (i.e. 1.2 billion mouths to
feed).
As the law stands, landowners have the right to draw as much as they see fit
from their wells. A system of government-set prices encourages farmers to
plant water-intensive crops such as sugarcane and rice. And state
governments provide electricity to farms at no charge or at heavily
subsidized flat rates, making the water completely free to pump in many
areas (as long as the water level doesn’t drop so low that you need a new
well or a new pump).
With the new set of tools we can evaluate the impact of water efficiency
measures (SDG6) , crop changes (SDG 15) on energy (SDG7) and GHG
emissions (SDG13).
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10. Scenarios are wettest or driest for the region as a whole. Countries are affected differently
which results in variations of electricity trade potential across the region.
In terms of cost, a wet scenario would lower generation cost to a degree for the most part
of the model horizon, but a dry scenario would substantially increase generation costs for
the majority of the model horizon. Energy (SDG7), infrastructure(17) planning needs to
account for such vulnerabilities in climate change (SDG13).
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11. For every country in the world – a map of how to provide and cost access to
electricity.
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Energy is a key enabler – EVERY SDG requires it to enable delivery – thus it is a key
starting point.
resource potentials given in the form of geo-spatial wind regime, solar irradiation,
mini hydro potential, and diesel costs based on distance from distribution stations.
Based on the above we obtain the optimal split map of On grid, Mini grid and Stand
alone solutions for an access target of 170 kWh/capita/year for rural areas and
350kWh/capita/year for urban areas considering both the existing and anticipated
transmission networks. These targets are agreed with the International Energy
Agency and their alteration would change the results. A sensitivity analysis is also
made to highlight this change. This map shows the potential cost, in terms of LCOE,
of providing electricity in different regions of Nigeria.
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12. Analysis for India focuses on grid strengthening and providing access to more than 300
million households.
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