The UL safety index for the SmartCities Hackathon at CES 2017
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Presented originally at the Smart Cities Hackathon at CES 2017, January 7th, 2017 at the Venetian in Las Vegas, NV
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The UL safety index for the SmartCities Hackathon at CES 2017
- 1. Smart and Safe Cities Challenge ReadWrite Smart Cities Hackathon @CES 2017
- 2. Background The concept of the ‘smart and safe city’ has yet to be fully developed. With rapid global growth in urban populations, ensuring that our city environments are safe is an urgent challenge. Urbanization and the unique hazards of cityscapes contribute to the burden of injuries: • Worldwide, deaths from unintentional injury are predicted to rise 56% by 2030, to more than 4 million people. • 5 of the 15 leading causes for death worldwide are related to lapses in safety: road traffic injuries, drowning, burns, poisoning and falls. As part of the CES ReadWrite Hackathon, UL challenges developers to leverage the capabilities of Smart Cities to address one or more safety hazards that are found in urban environments. 2
- 3. The UL Safety IndexTM A quantitative measure of “the State of Safety”
- 4. Indices measure (and influence) our world Purchasing Managers’ Index 4 SSE - Shanghai Composite Index Retail Price Index Producer Price Index Non-Manufacturing Business Index The Economist Big Mac Index Bloomberg Airport Frustration Index Environmental Sustainability Index
- 5. The UL Safety IndexTM Concept and Purpose Concept: Develop an algorithm to produce a numerical index that quantifies the relative safety of living and working environments for people in a city, state, country or region. Purpose: • To bring awareness to safety needs in specific geographies • To explore the influence of societal drivers on public safety • To stimulate dialog with policy makers, science leaders and interested parties • To prioritize safety improvement efforts 5
- 6. Conceptual Model 6 Safety Systems Education Institutions & Infrastructure Incidents Of Death or Injury Resources Other factors Hazards Interventions Socioeconomic Status Demographics
- 7. The UL Safety Index Safety Outcomes Safety Frameworks Institutions & Resources Consumer Protections Labor Protections Unintentional Injury DALY’s (9 categories) Government Effectiveness Codes & Standards EducationTechnology Economic Activity IndicatorsDrivers Arithmetic Mean Geometric Mean Normalization World Bank World Economic Forum UN Development Programme World Bank UL/ISO UL/ILO Consumers International Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation Data Building the Algorithm 7
- 8. Safety Outcomes Falls Transport Injuries IndicatorsDriver Arithmetic Mean Building the Algorithm 8 Exposure to Mechanical Forces Foreign Bodies Exposure to Forces of Nature Other Unintentional Injury Fires, heat & hot substances Drowning Poisoning Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2016. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. Data
- 10. Methodology and Data Set 10
- 12. Table View 12
- 16. Filter by Peer Group 16 Regions, Development Status, Population, GDP, Youth Population, Elder Population, Standards Development
- 17. Potential Data Sources UL Safety Index National Open Data Portals (US, India, UK, Canada, Australia, etc.) Real time traffic API’s – Google Maps Social media feeds IoT data from Smoke/CO/Fire detectors IoT data from environmental sensors • City of Chicago Array of Things Project • CityPulse DataSet Collection 911 data Fire Data (National Fire Incident Reporting System) Product safety and/or recall data • US Government Recall Portal • European Union Rapid Alert System for Dangerous Products (RAPEX) • US Consumer Product Safety Commission ‒ Recall API ‒ Injury Data • US National Highway Transportation Administration ‒ Recall Data ‒ Injury Data 17
- 18. The UL Safety Index Time Other Demographics Depth Scope Unintentional Injury Intentional Injury Health Sustainability Privacy & Cybersecurity Country State or Province Metropolitan Area Community Campus, park, arena or venue Age Urban – Rural Income Ethnicity Education Safety Solutions New Technologies New Hazards Past Present Future Time Based Models Potential Expansion Vectors
- 19. The Challenge: leverage the capabilities of Smart Cities, open data, and crowdsourcing to address one or more safety hazards that are found in urban environments. • Utilize IOT, sensors, data, etc. to determine if deployment of smart city technology is realizing safety benefits • Develop apps, algorithms or visualizations to motivate citizens to become engaged in improving safety in their neighborhoods and cities. • Develop apps, algorithms or visualizations to better assess how to build in safety mechanisms into a smart city • Aggregate and analyze open data to develop insights into emerging safety challenges or unintended consequences, unsafe products, dangerous systems, unsafe behaviors or new hazards. 19
- 20. www.ULSafetyIndex.org Contacts: David Wroth - @dswroth (Slack, twitter, GitHub) Amy Han - @ahan2 (Slack) @ahan0128 (twitter) #SmartSafeCities ULSafetyIndex@ul.com UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC ©2017 20
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Welcome to the UL Challenge for the ReadWrite Smart Cities Hackathon @CES 2017. I’m Dave Wroth, a Director in the Public Safety Office for UL. You probably know UL from the “UL in a Circle” that you find on many products around your home and office. Our mission is to advance safe living and working for people around the world.
- The UL Safety IndexTM is an algorithm-based, data science initiative that provides individuals and organizations relevant data they may use to explore safety, inform policy and investment choices and make science-based decisions for a more secure, healthier and safer world.
- Most people are familiar with indices that are used to simplify and communicate complex systems. Many indices were started in the field of economics and the most familiar is the Consumer Price Index. The use of algorithms to produce summary rollups of complex data has become widespread across a variety of fields. Some other well-known examples include the Corruption Perceptions Index, used to inform many business and government decisions and the Human Development Index from the United Nations that measures progress for people in developing countries around the world. Perhaps more interesting is the advancement of techniques to quantify and summarize topics that many felt were too qualitative to measure. These include recent indices from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development measuring the “quality of life” in countries. Just this spring the 4th World Happiness report put a number on the happiness of nations, and declared that Denmark ranked first with a score of 7.526.
- Our conceptual model is that safety is a function of the interaction of people and hazards, amplified or mitigated by infrastructure, resources, protective frameworks and many other factors. Incidents of death or injury are the tangible result of this complex system. Resources, specifically money, can influence safety through the investment in physical infrastructure, government and private sector safety programs and the production and use of higher quality goods. Institutions in a country, such as the Fire Service, may directly or indirectly promote safety or mitigate the impact of hazards and consequences of adverse events. Many studies have shown the correlation of higher levels of education with safer behaviors. Formal and informal education and training can have a meaningful effect on the rates of unintentional injury, health and personal security. The safety systems, or protective frameworks in a country have a direct effect on safety outcomes. Codes and standards, government regulation and enforcement and other consumer protections are examples of these systems. There are many additional determinants of safety, such as culture, intervention programs and competing priorities for resources. While we may determine many of these factors, some remain unknown.
- The UL Safety Index algorithm uses data from trustworthy organizations in the fields of economics, human development, governance, public health, and safety. The algorithm normalizes data from these diverse sources and combines thousands of data points into 16 indicators and 3 drivers; ultimately producing the UL Safety Index. The Index, Drivers and Indicators are values between 0 and 100, higher being better. The current version of the UL Safety Index is focused on unintentional injury. Each of the data sources in the safety index is normalized using a simple technique that sets the low and high values at 0 and 100 respectively, and then distributing the remaining points proportionally between the minimum and maximum values. These sixteen indicators are combined into drivers using an arithmetic mean, in order to fairly account for the fact that data is not available for all indicators in all countries. The three drivers – Institutions & Resources, Safety Frameworks and Safety Outcomes - are combined into the UL Safety Index through the calculation of the geometric mean. Use of the geometric mean accounts for the fact that the three drivers are not perfect substitutes for each other. (The Safety Outcomes Indicators are the nine classifications of unintentional injury from the World Health Organization. They are: Transport Injuries Drowning Exposure to fires, heat and hot substances Poisoning Falls Exposure to foreign bodies (choking, for example) Exposure to mechanical forces Exposure to the forces of nature and disasters Other unintentional injury)
- The UL Safety Index algorithm uses data from trustworthy organizations in the fields of economics, human development, governance, public health, and safety. The algorithm normalizes data from these diverse sources and combines thousands of data points into 16 indicators and 3 drivers; ultimately producing the UL Safety Index. The Index, Drivers and Indicators are values between 0 and 100, higher being better. The current version of the UL Safety Index is focused on unintentional injury. Each of the data sources in the safety index is normalized using a simple technique that sets the low and high values at 0 and 100 respectively, and then distributing the remaining points proportionally between the minimum and maximum values. These sixteen indicators are combined into drivers using an arithmetic mean, in order to fairly account for the fact that data is not available for all indicators in all countries. The three drivers – Institutions & Resources, Safety Frameworks and Safety Outcomes - are combined into the UL Safety Index through the calculation of the geometric mean. Use of the geometric mean accounts for the fact that the three drivers are not perfect substitutes for each other. (The Safety Outcomes Indicators are the nine classifications of unintentional injury from the World Health Organization. They are: Transport Injuries Drowning Exposure to fires, heat and hot substances Poisoning Falls Exposure to foreign bodies (choking, for example) Exposure to mechanical forces Exposure to the forces of nature and disasters Other unintentional injury)
- To learn more about the UL Safety Index, you can to to ULSafetyIndex.org, where you’ll find a 2 minute video, an overview paper of the Index and results, as well as other reference information. You can also reference the detailed methodology and download the data set using the link at the top right corner. While there is a login link at the top of the screen, all functions and data are available without having to log in to the website.
- Here are the links to the detailed methodology, citations for all of the data used in the Index and a link to download a .csv of the data.
- The default view of the Data Exporer shows a heat map of 187 countries around the world, where darker colors indicate relatively safer environments. You can quickly and easily see the Safety Index of a country by clicking on a country.
- Alternatively, by clicking on the “By Value” button at the bottom left, you can see an alphabetical list of countries and their Safety Index. Note that in both these views you can focus in on any of the drivers of safety using the radio buttons on the left hand pane.
- To gain a snapshot of the country’s Safety Index, Drivers and Indicators, click on “Quick Look.” You might use this view to see where there are more specific safety issues in a country, looking for outcomes with lower values, for example in Nicaragua, drowning is more of an issue than fires. Clicking on the Full Data Button….
- …you can also take a deeper dive into the data, where you will see the specific indicators for a country compared against the global average with the ability to compare the results to other countries or look at a heat map for this indicator. This view might tell you how far a specific country needs to improve to become above average. To compare all indicators for several countries, click on the “compare countries” button….
- Where you can build a table of countries and see the specific indicators side-by-side. This view might be a good one to use to find where there may be better market for a safety product. For example, you might notice that the countries of Angola and South Sudan are in desperate need of better fire safety solutions. Another way to compare countries is through peer groups. If we back up to the default view, then click on …
- Filter by peer group. Here you can find countries with similar demographics, look at specific regions and other slices of the data.
- Of course, the UL Safety Index is only one of many data sets that might be leveraged to approach the Smart and Safe Cities Challenge. We’ve listed here a number of data sources that we feel might inform your identification of a specific problem, estimate the impact of your solution or feed your app or visualization.
- The UL Safety Index has many future applications as we build it out. Here are some additional safety dimensions that we’re looking at, and might be of interest to you. How does safety vary over time? What about other aspects of safety – violence or cybersecurity? We’ve provided data at the country level, and we are here because we want to drill down to the city level. What about the impact of demographics on the view of safety? Can we identify groups who are disproportionally impacted?>