3. Melanocytes have their embryologic orgin in the neural
crest.
It is migrate and reside among basal cells .
Melanocytes are found in oral mucosa but go to
unnoticed.
When focally or generally active in proliferation or
production, they produce physiologic pigmentation or can
go to malignant neoplasia.
Oral melanin range pigmentation from brown to black to
blue, depending on amount of melanin produced & depth
of pigment.
5. Clinical
features:
It is symmetric, persistent & does not alter normal
architecture.
o Can be seen at any age.
o No gender predilection.
o Any location (most common in gingiva).
o Post-inflammatory pigmentation seen after mucosal
reaction to injury.
o
7. Etiology & Pathogenesis:
o The lesion is related to a component
stimulate melanocytes
o Female sex hormone (as modifiers)
in tobacco smoke that
Clinical features:
o Anterior labial gingiva (most commonly affected )
o Palate and buccal mucosa (associated with pipe smoking)
Histopathology:
o increased melanin production Similar to that seen in
physiologic pigmentation.
Treatment: stop of smoking (takes months to years)
8.
9. It
is a focal pigmented lesion that may represent:
1.
2.
3.
Intraoral freckle
Postinflammatory pigmentation
Associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome or Addison’s
disease .
10. Clinical
o
o
o
o
o
features:
It is a benign neoplasm composed of primitive pigment
producing cells (neural crest origin)
Found in infant
Occcurs mainly in the maxilla
Nonulcerated & darkely pigmented mass
Radiographs shows an-ill defined lucency
Histopathology:
It is composed of nests of tumor cells with small amount of
connective tissue.
Treatment:
Surgical excision
11. Nevus is general term that may refer to any congenetal
lesion of various cell types or tissue types.
Nevomelanocytic Nevi are collection of nevus cells that are
round or polygonal and typically seen in a nested pattern. Can
be found in epithelium, connective tissue, or both.
Clinical features:
o
o
They appear shortly after birth & throughout childhood.
Intraoral nevi are rare lesions (<0.5 cm-palate).
12. Histopathology:
o When cells are located in epithelium-connective tissue
junction called Junctional nevus
o When cells are located in connective tissue called
Intramucosal nevus
o When cells are located in combination of zone called
Compound nevus
o When cells are spindle shaped and found deep in connective
tissue called Blue nevus
13. White are more affected than blacks
Predisposing factors:
o Skin exposure
o Dark nature pigmentation
o Nevi
Clinical features:
o No sex predilection
o Palate and gingiva are most commonly affected
o Irregular margin
16. Etiology:
It is an iatrogenic lesion that follows traumatic soft tissue
implantation of amalgam particles.
Clinical features:
Most common affected site are:
gingiva, buccal mucosa, palate & tongue
Histopathology:
Amalgam particles have an affinity for collagen fibers.
17. Tetracycline-associated pigmentation may be found in
prolonged treatment with high dose.
Other drugs that may produce pigmentation of oral
tissue include amino-quinolines, cyclophosphamide,
amiodarone & AZT.
18. Etiology:
Some heavy metal (lead & mercury) may be
responsible for oral pigmentation
Clinical features:
deposited of heavy metal in the skin & oral mucosa
given color black to gray.