SECURITY SYSTEM

1. Advanced Services
Topic –
Advanced services , safety and survillance systems and equipment – cctv , metal detactors , x-ray
scanners , fencings , gates .
Presented By -
Biscuitwala Khushi – 08
Choksi Riya – 10
Maharajwala Twinkle – 32

2. SECURITY SYSTEM
What is a security system?
It is literally a means or method by which something is secured through a system of interworking
components and devices.
In this instance, we’re talking about home security systems, which are networks of integrated electronic
devices working together with a central control panel to protect against burglars.
A typical home security system includes:
1. A control panel , which is the primary controller of a home’s security system.
2. Door and window sensors
3. Motion sensors, both interior and exterior
4. Wired or wireless security cameras
5. A high-decibel siren or alarm
6. A yard sign and window stickers

3. 1. Control panel 2. Door and window
sensors
3. Motion sensors
4. Wired or wireless
security cameras
6. A yard sign and window
stickers

4.  How does a security system work?
1. Control Panel: The control panel is the computer that arms and disarms the security systems,
communicates with each installed component, sounds the alarm when a security zone is breached and
communicates with an alarm monitoring company.
2. Door and Window Sensors: Door and window sensors are comprised of two parts installed adjacent to
each other. One part of the device is installed on the door or window and the other on the door frame or
window sill. When a door or window is closed, the two parts of the sensor are joined together, creating a
security circuit.
3. Motion Sensors: These security components, when armed, protect a given space by creating an
invisible zone that cannot be breached without sounding an alarm. These are typically used to protect
rooms containing valuables, as well as areas less frequented in larger homes.
4. Surveillance Cameras: Available in both wired and wireless configurations, surveillance cameras can
be used in several different ways as part of an overall security system.
5. High-decibel Alarm: Loud enough for neighbours to hear, home security alarms serve a few different
purposes. First, they alert the people inside the house that a problem occurred.
6. Yard Sign and Window Stickers: On the surface, these items might seem like nothing more than
marketing tools for alarm companies, but they play important roles in home security.

5. Surveillance
• Surveillance is the monitoring of behaviour , many activities, or information
for the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing or directing.
• This can include observation from a distance by means of electronic
equipment, such as closed-circuit television (CCTV), or interception of
electronically transmitted information like Internet traffic.
• It can also include simple technical methods, such as human intelligence
gathering and postal interception.
• Surveillance is used by citizens for protecting their neighbourhoods and
by governments for intelligence gathering - including prevention of crime,
the protection of a process, person, group or object, or the investigation of
crime.
• It is also used by criminal organizations to plan and commit crimes, and by
businesses to gather intelligence on criminals, their competitors, suppliers or
customers.
Surveillance cameras

6. CCTV
CCTV
• CCTV (CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION) is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a
specific place, on a limited set of monitors.
Why Use CCTV ?
1. Reduce Cost and Risk.
2. Prevent and Deter Crime.
3. Fool-Proof Coverage.
4. Reduce Property Insurance Premiums.
5. Increase Customer's confidence.
6. Easy to implement.
7. Keep Your Employees Honest.
8. Encourage Good Behavior.
9. Prevent Safety Incidents.

7.  Elements of CCTV System :
1. Camera
2. Lens
3. Monitor unit
4. DVR / NVR
5. Cable (Coaxial / Ethernet)
6. Storage devices
7. DC power supply (12V) Simple CCTV System

8.  Types of CCTV Systems :
 Analog CCTV system :
• Analog security cameras capture an analog video signal and transfer that signal over coax cable to
the Digital Video Recorder (DVR). Each camera may be powered by plugging in the power supply
right at the camera or by using RG59 Siamese cable which bundles the video and the power
cables.
• Requires an DVR to capture image
Digital / IP CCTV system :
• IP stands for Internet Protocol, and basically refers to a digital video camera that can send and
receive data via a computer network.
• Requires a NVR to capture image.

10.  CCTV camera types :
CCTV cameras are being installed every where for purpose of security and crime prevention and
detection. There are many type if CCTV cameras are available for this purpose.
• Indoor Camera
• Outdoor camera
• IR day/Night Camera
• Dome Camera
• Bullet Camera
• Vandal Proof Camera
• Hidden Camera
• Pen Tilt Zoom Camera

11. Indoor Camera :
• Indoor camera as its name suggests used for indoor security mechanism.
• These are suitable for security in homes, schools, offices, hotels etc.
Outdoor Camera :
• Outdoor camera is used for outdoor places.
• They are mostly used for entry and exist points with limited night lighting.
• These cameras have hard Shell vandal- proof casings.

12. IR Day / Night Camera :
• IR day/night cameras are used for high alert security areas were surveillance
needs to happened day and night.
• These cameras are used by military personal, in parking lots and high security
zones.
• The cameras are ideal for outdoor surveillance applications .
Dome Camera :
• Cameras are installed inside a dark dome and are design in a way that they go
unnoticed by visitors.
• These cameras can be rotated and tilted Manually.
• Dome cameras are used in public place like railway station, bus terminals, and
other areas where there is a huge gathering of people.

13. Bullet Camera :
• Cylindrical
• Tapered shape, similar to that of a "rifle bullet."
• Outdoor use
• Installed inside protective casings, which protect against dust, dirt, rain,
hail and other harmful elements
• Require long distance viewing
• Fixed or Varifocal lenses.
Fish Eye camera :
• The fisheye camera is a single camera which allows you to record
everything with a 180 or 360 degree panoramic view. The strength of this
camera can reduce the quantity of cameras needed to cover the same
surveillance area.

14. PTZ Camera (Pan Tilt Zoom Camera) :
• PTZ stands for Pan Tilt and Zoom. Those are the movements the camera
can do when somebody is remotely controlling it by using a computer or
joystick.
• Most movable camera allow the person monitoring it to move the camera
from right to left (Pan), up to down (Tilt), and from a tight angle to a wide
angle. (close up Zoom)

15. Camera selection :
If we select the camera, we will consider about these categories -
• Indoor or Outdoor
• Day / Night Surveillance
• Lens Selection
• Camera Form Factor
• Video Codec
• Motion Detection
• POE (Only for IP) / Power source
• Wireless
• Viewing

16. Types of CCTV Lens :
There are 2 types of lenses:
1. Fixed :
Fixed lens are those lenses Where lens size doesn’t change, all we
can do is focus, we cant zoom in or zoom out .
Common sizes are 12mm, 08mm, 06mm, 04mm, 3.6mm, 2.8mm.
2. Varifocal :
In Varifocal lens size can be changed during the installation
process & Zoom in and Zoom out is possible.
Common Sizes available are 2.5mm~8mm, 3.0mm~12mm,
5.0mm~50mm.

17. Cable :
Coaxial / Ethernet :
• CCTV can be analog or IP based. Depending on that the cables
can be Coaxial cable or CAT5/CAT6 (RJ45) cables also known
as Ethernet cables.
• Cables connect the camera with the DVR /NVR.
• You can also find Siamese CCTV cables. Siamese cables
contain an coaxial cable that connects the camera to the DVR
and an 18 gauge 2 conductor power cable that supplies power to
the camera from the SMPS power supply. Coaxial cable
Ethernet cable

18. Cable :
VGA Cable :
• Video Graphics Array is a standard type of connection for video
devices such as monitors and projectors.
HDMI Cable :
• HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) provides an
interface between any audio/video source for transferring
uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed
digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device,
VGA cable HDMI cable

19. Cable Connectors :
BNC Connectors :
A type of connector used to connect Coaxial cables.
RJ 45 :
A type of connector used to connect Ethernet cables.
Storage devices :
Hard Disk Drive or HDD need to store the cctv camera footage.
It help to review the cctv footage.

20. Applications of CCTV camera :
1. Bars
2. Cash rooms
3. Gaming machines
4. Historic sites Holiday Sites
5. Hospitals Number plate recording
6. Public Spaces and other Large Areas
7. Reception areas
8. Retail
9. Schools
10. Shops
11. Football and cricket stadiums
12. Staff theft and fraud
13. Swimming pools
14. Vandalism and theft
15. Car park
16. Vending machines
17. Warehouse CCTV
18. Other uses

21. X-RAY BAGGAGE INSPECTION SYSTEM
• X-ray baggage inspection system is the
highly sophisticated security system.
• Designed to analyse components
within the baggage effectively and
efficiently by using x radiations.
• It uses scanning principle to indicate
baggage components using different
colours based on their atomic numbers.

22. XBIS – BLOCK DIAGRAM :
• It works on the principle of scanning an object by the x-rays incident on it through the fine collimator.
• There are IR sensors present on the either sides of the conveyor belt to detect the presence of the luggage.
• When object is placed on conveyor belt, IR sensors detects object and gives signal to x-ray generator.

23. X-RAY GENERATOR :
• It consists of the filament having large number of
the free electrons and the metal target separated by
some distance between them.
• This whole setup is placed in an evacuated glass
tube to avoid any leakage of the radiations.
• When the supply is given the electrons move from
the filament towards metal target and collide with
it releasing very strong radiations of high
frequency.
• The supply should be in the order of kilo
volts(very high) and metal target should possess
sufficient work function property.
• To facilitate high speed collisions of electrons with
the metal target to generate X radiations.
• These light rays are made to fall on the photo
detector array which will give the current
corresponding to the amount of light incident on it.

24. COLOR CODES

25. • Like our school system, our court system faces risk beyond the risk of a terror attack. People who
come to court have a lot at stake — their own or a family member’s freedom, their own or a family
members property. A court can remove your liberty or your property. In such instances tensions run
high, and someone could react violently, endangering everyone in the courtroom building. You must
neutralize this threat. A metal detector provides a necessary, but not sufficient, means of protection,
and a serious security operation needs X-Ray capability.
• Having these machines at a school, courthouse, or airport accomplishes two very important goals.
Firstly, as mentioned, all will feel safe and secure knowing that no dangerous people or items made
their way into your facility. Secondly, you, as the one responsible for the school, courthouse, airport,
etc. can totally focus on providing services for those using your facilities.
• Lastly, sports events have become more and more high profile. These events afford an attacker with
not only the ability to inflict harm on many people, but also to have it broadcast to a large audience.
Today even smaller sporting events stream their events online, and we know that beyond inflicting
pain, mentally disturbed people also wish to broadcast their views to as wide of an audience as
possible. All organizers of sporting events must take this important element into consideration when
planning a sporting event, and make the necessary security precautions.

26. ADVANTAGES :
• Saves lot of time.
• Privacy of luggage is ensured.
• Less or no effect of radiation on operator.
• Very much effective in determining the harmful
polymers.
 APPLICATIONS :
• At Post offices, Ministerial buildings, Secretariats , VIP offices.
• All ports both domestic and international for checking luggage.

27. FENCING
A fence is a structure that encloses an area, typically outdoors, and is usually constructed
from posts that are connected by boards, wire, rails or netting. A fence differs from
a wall in not having a solid foundation along its whole length.
Installing the fencing around your home boundary will not only play a role in the exterior
design of your home but also give one of the most important benefits for all houses like
security & safety.
There are different types of fencing are available for a yard. That all types vary in
their durability, appearance, and level of maintenance.
• Fencing, whether it be wood, chain link, or any metal-like material.
• Adding a fence to your property is like an investment.
• Here we are providing you some important information about each of the fence types
that we install.
• This allows you to choose what is right and best suited for your home.

28.  Necessity of a fencing:
Some of the important reasons for installing a quality fence around your home or property are listed below.
 Security and safety :
•The first and most important reason for providing fencing on your property is for security.
•Fencing protects your valuable and more importantly protects you and your family.
•A fence acts as a deterrent for interlopers & intruders and keeps unwanted wild animals off your property as
well.
•With a kept in mind for safety purposes, fences are not just designed to keep people & animals out.
•But they also keep things in, like children. Providing fences around houses are also a great thing
for keeping pets in a confined, controlled area.
 Boundaries :
• Without fencing it can be difficult to tell where your property lines are and installing fencing will help to
define the correct boundaries between your neighbor’s territory and your own.
• Property lines can play a role in neighborly disputes, fences are the perfect way to prevent this.

29.  Privacy :
•Privacy can also be one of the most common reasons for providing a fence on your house.
•Fences can separate your home from the outside world, and when it becomes to privacy, knowing.
•There are no prying eyes of strangers or neighbors watching your family offers freedom and worry.
•Privacy can be easily reached with the utilization of high fencing or joining fences
with trees & shrubs [ so your neighbors can’t steal your ideas for your outdoor kitchen which makes
a good addition to your curb appeal ].
 Aesthetics :
•Fences are a great way to appeal to the curb appeal of your home.
•There are many ideas available for fencing that can enhance the aesthetic appeal of your house, as
well as increasing the property value.
•A well-planned arranged fence can not only create a place of security, safety, and privacy. But can
offer an ideal solution to expanding the visual aspect of your property.
•The fencing design should be durable and should match your home in themes and styles.

30.  Different Types of Fences:
Different types of fences are available in the market such as :
1. Brick wall fence
2. Aluminium fence
3. Wooden fence
4. Iron fence
5. Chain–link fence
6. Bamboo fence
7. Barbed wire fence
8. Electrified fencing
9. Vinyl-coated wire fencing
10. Living fence

31.  BRICK WALL FENCE :
• The brick wall fence has been used for ages to build privacy,
provide security to the home, and give an accent to the house.
• The types of fence are very popular and can be seen around
many houses, offices, institutions, or other buildings.
• These types of fencing are very durable, solid, and long–
lasting, they bring style and class to the fencing which
any other materials can’t give.
• A brick wall fence helps to obstruct noise from busy streets,
and subsequently, these fences make a good choice
of privacy fence if you are living near a bustling road.
• It not only increases the security of your home but also gives
a stylish wall appearance.
• A brick wall fence gives a safe wall enclosure for
young children and pets as well.

32.  ALUMINUM FENCE :
• Aluminum fencing is generally utilized in
commercial applications for its long-term functionality.
• Aluminum material requires less maintenance and is easy to
clean.
• The primary cost of aluminum fencing is more than
most materials when aluminum is relatively low-maintenance
and easy to install.
• The aluminum fence
does not provide strength and security like other fence types
because, this material is very lightweight, making
it easily bendable from contact or even a strong wind.
• Right now, there are
many aluminum fence manufacturers available in the market,
and there are a lot of ways to cut costs.
• When constructing an aluminum fence, like cheaper material
or poor coating.

33.  WOODEN FENCE :
• Wooden fencing is great incorporation to any house.
Wooden fencing is provided
for privacy, security to destruct outside noise, or just for
its attractive appearance.
• When selecting timber for the fencing purpose, consider the
local weather or atmosphere because choosing the
proper wood for your climate will deter decay and provide
a long–lasting fence.
• Good quality wooden fencing will demand fewer repairs and
is less likely to need replacement.
• The average life period of wooden fencing material can vary
from 10 to 30 years, depending on the quality of
the installation, type of wood, and how well it is maintained.
• The most popular woods used for wooden fencing are pine,
cedar, and redwood are also good options.
• Install wooden fencing with a water-proof solution to protect
it against dampness & extremely low or high temperatures.

34.  IRON FENCE :
• The iron fencing is mostly utilized to create a unique
and personalized solution.
• This material is heavy in weight so, it allows for a high level
of customization since it is very malleable.
• It is also requiring significant maintenance when used for fencing.
• The iron or
steel material needs regular maintenance, repainting every two
to three years, and is subjecting to rusting & corroding.
• The installation task for iron fencing is simple but requires more
time & is more labor-intensive than other materials, given
the heaviness of the material.
• The iron fence is stronger & more durable, they often
require custom manufacturing and are more expensive than
other available materials.
• This iron fencing demands a big price tag for a fancy design.

35.  CHAIN-LINK FENCE :
• Chain–link fence is mostly utilized at construction projects
and industries due to its affordable price
and low maintenance nature.
• The installation process of this types of fencing is quick and easy.
These fences are suitable for a
few types of applications or purposes.
• Chain–link fence is mostly utilized at construction projects
and industries due to its affordable price
and low maintenance nature.
• The installation process of this types of fencing is quick and easy.
• These fences are suitable for a
few types of applications or purposes.

36.  BAMBOO FENCE:
• Bamboo fencing is available in the market in the shape of
either rolls or panels. Bamboo fencing is most appropriate
for covering an existing wall, wooden, or mesh panel.
• These types of fencing are preferable as fence panels
and partitions to create more privacy between two properties or
gardens.
• By using bamboo sticks with other materials often results in
a unique and modern look.
• While installing bamboo fencing,
bamboo sticks and rolls are joined with steel wire, they are very
quick & easy to install.
• The key advantages of this type of fence are that you can easily
install them in a variety of angles or shapes.

37.  BARBED WIRE FENCE :
• Barbed wire fence is manufactured by steel and
is mostly utilized
for keeping cattle and livestock away from the house.
• This fencing is one type of rolled & twisted wire that
is different from a normal galvanized wire
in that its strands are twined together instead
of intertwined with one another.
• Barbs are joined at regular intervals along
a total length of barbed wire.
• Animals or any trespassers that attempt to break through the
barbed wire are discouraged by
the pointy barbs that can cause pain or injury.
• A different type of barbed wire is often placed along
the tops of wire fencing in prisons & military installations to
restrict humans from climbing over the fencing.

38.  ELECTRIFIED FENCING :
• An electrified fence is commonly made from
thin steel or aluminum.
• It is installed to give trespassers a shock when it
is encountered in prohibited areas.
• Electrified fences commonly utilized
for agricultural purposes deliver just enough
voltage to make the being touching it uncomfortable.
• It is also used in other applications such as
for commercial or industrial uses, may be designed to stun the
offender.
• This type of
fence utilized for military and security purposes may
be provided to deliver a lethal dose of energy, meaning a
person or animal.
• who comes into contact with it could die as a result.

39.  FENCING MATERIALS :
• Smooth steel wire is the material most often used for electric fences, ranging
from a fine thin wire used as a single line to thicker, high-tensile (HT) wire.
• Less often, woven wire or barbed wire fences can be electrified, though such
practices create a more hazardous fence, particularly if an animal becomes
caught by the fencing material (electrified barbed wire is unlawful in some
areas).
• Synthetic webbing and rope-like fencing materials woven with fine
conducting wires (usually of stainless steel) have become available in the late
1990s and are particularly useful for areas requiring additional visibility or as
temporary fencing.
• The electrified fence itself must be kept insulated from the earth and from
any materials that will conduct electricity and ignite or short out the fence.
• Fencing must therefore avoid vegetation, and cannot be attached directly to
wood or metal posts.
• Typically, wooden or metal posts are driven into the ground and plastic or
porcelain insulators are attached to them, or plastic posts are used.
• The conducting material is then attached to the posts.

40.  VINYL-COATED WIRE FENCING :
• Vinyl coated wire fences are available in standard colors
like black or green.
• This is one type of wire fencing to which a vinyl covering has
been applied after welding and weaving.
• A vinyl–coated fence looks pleasant and lasts a long
time because the wire is protected by
both galvanized coating and vinyl.
• This type of fence is used
to provide around yards to contain pets, or
around playgrounds and pools to protect children.
• Vinyl coated wire fence is also utilized in the making of
animal & lobster traps, or as decorative panel inserts
for deck railings.

41.  LIVING FENCE :
• Shrubs and trees are planted at regular intervals
to make a continuous screen is called a living fence.
• This fence is serving the various purposes of
a compound wall, give protection from high winds,
ensure privacy, and form a background screen for a flower
garden, vegetable garden, etc.
• This type of fence installed with barbed wire is less in cost
compared to a boundary wall and
if appropriately maintained gives better look.
• Monsson is the best time to start a new living
fence by planting seeds or cuttings.

42.  Advantages of Fences:
1. Privacy :It can be hard to enjoy dinner on the patio if everyone on the street has a clear view of your back
yard. A six-foot-tall privacy fence can help create a peaceful get-away in nearly any neighborhood.
2. Containment : A fence can help provide a safe play environment for children and pets, keeping them in the
yard where you can keep an eye on them and preventing entry from unwanted strangers or animals.
3. Security : A good fence can help protect your family – and your possessions – from those who would enter
your yard for the wrong reasons. If you have a swimming pool or playground equipment, a fence can
prevent trespassers from putting themselves in danger.
4. Noise reduction : If your house is near a busy street, you may find yourself screaming to be heard over the
traffic noise. An 8-foot-high solid fence can knock 6 to 10 decibels off traffic and other ambient noise.
5. Design element : An attractive, well-constructed fence can add to your home’s overall appeal. A waist-high
fence, such as a picket fence, can both define your property boundary and attract the eye through thoughtful
landscaping. If you’re concerned about resale value, ask an appraiser or a local real estate agent if a new
fence will add value to your home.

43.  Disadvantages of Fences :
1. Maintenance : No doubt, fences can provide a decorative element to your landscape, but they can
detract if they’re not well cared for. Wood fences, specifically, require occasional cleaning, staining,
sealing or painting and can warp and rot over time.
2. Expense : The cost of a fence varies greatly depending upon the materials used, the style, height and
length of the fence, number of gates, and the market in which labor is hired and materials are
purchased.
3. Hassle : Mowing or trimming along a fence is laborious and can do damage to the fence – especially a
wood fence.
4. Wildlife : Fences may help protect your property but, for those who live on wooded or rural lots, they
also can be barriers and traps for wildlife, causing injury and even fatalities. Animal damage to fences
is costly and frustrating for landowners.

44. METAL DETECTORS
What is metal detector ?
• Metal detectors are portable electronic devices used for detecting the presence of any metal within
close range. These instruments operate by sensing changes in magnetic waves caused by being in
close proximity to metal. In 1881, Alexander Graham Bell invented the first metal detector.
However, it was Gerhard Fischar’s portable metal detector that became widely used after 1925.
The metal detectors have become predominantly popular in the area of security over the last
decade. Metal detectors can vary in sensitivity and cost.

45.  Metal Detection Technologies :
Most Common are following three:
• Very low frequency (VLF)
• Pulse induction (PI)
• Beat-frequency oscillation (BFO)
VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF) :
• This detector is widely used for the detection of various metals. It consists of two round wire coils
and an electronic circuit called a phase demodulator, which filters the signal from a receiver. As
different types of metals reflect different signals, the role of the phase demodulator is vital as it can
be programmed to focus only on the desired range of signal and to ignore the rest.
BEAT-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION (BFO) :
• This detector is simple and has an inexpensive design. The detector is made up of two separate
wire coils for detection, but lacks the filtering ability of VLF detectors. This device is used mostly
by amateur hobbyists.

46. PULSE INDUCTION (PI) :
• This detector has a more specialized unit that enables detection of metal items buried deep under the surface.
Large models of PI detectors can be seen at security checkpoints to detect weapons. It consists of only one
coil and uses the timed pulse method. The device can distinguish between signals it has transmitted and stray
signals from nearby areas. This detector is relatively more accurate but also more expensive.
Working Principle :
The following are some of the key components found in a metal detector unit:
• Control box – The transmit signal is generated from here and the receive signal is processed and
converted into a target response in the box.
• Search coil – The coil is used for transmitting the electromagnetic field into the ground and
receiving the return electromagnetic field from a target.
Metal detectors operate by transmitting an electromagnetic field from the search coil into the ground.
Any metal objects referred to as “targets” that are within the electromagnetic field become energized
and retransmit an electromagnetic field of their own. The search coil receives this electromagnetic
retransmitted field and sounds an alert.

47. WALK - THROUGH METAL DETECTOR :
• Walk through metal detectors are based on pulse induction (PI) technology. They utilize magnetic
fields to detect metal that passes through them. The science behind how they work is based on
Maxwell's equations. The latest detectors include multiple detection zones allowing them to
pinpoint the location of the metal causing the alarm.
HANDHELD METAL DETECTOR :
• Hand held metal detectors are designed for fast and efficient daily use, to accurately detect knives,
weapons, and blunt metal objects. It is an alternative and complementary tool to fixed scanners,
which bring more mobility and flexibility.
UNDER VEHICLE SEARCH MIRROR :
• The Under-Vehicle Search Mirror (UVSM) is a wide-angle illuminated convex mirror mounted on
castor wheels which is used for searching the underside of vehicles.

48. APPLICATIONS :
• Security screening.
• Industrial metal detectors used in the food, beverage, textile, garment, chemicals, pharmaceutical,
lumber, plastics, and packaging industries.
• Civil engineering and archeology.
• As a hobby – For beach combing, coin shooting, prospecting for valuable metals such as gold and
silver.
• Airport
• Shopping Malls