Promoting 21st Century Skills in Social Studies Classrooms with Primary Sources

Making Collections Come to Life Promoting 21st Century Skills in Social Studies Classrooms

21st Century Skills for Social Studies Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Contextual Learning Skills Communication Information and Media Literacy Creativity and Innovation Skills Collaboration Skills

history An interpretative narrative concerning aspects of what happened in the past and the relationships between events and humanity; the end product of historiography as either the process of writing history or the study of that process…A distinguishing feature of history…is its methodology, which relies heavily on the critical use of documentary sources created by or about the society under scrutiny. Primary sources are those produced near the event under investigation; secondary sources are works of other, later writers. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. Timothy Darvill. Oxford University Press, 2008.

history An interpretative narrative concerning aspects of what happened in the past and the relationships between events and humanity; the end product of historiography as either theprocess of writing historyor the study of that process…A distinguishing feature of history…is its methodology, which relies heavily on the critical use of documentary sources created by or about the society under scrutiny. Primary sources are those produced near the event under investigation; secondary sources are works of other, later writers. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. Timothy Darvill. Oxford University Press, 2008.

A Primary Source is… ,[object Object]

A first-hand account of an historic eventA Secondary Source is… A commentary or analysis of a historical event based on primary sources Clara Barton, ca. 1860 – 1865 Brady National Photographic Art Gallery Still Picture Records Section, Special Media Archives Services Division, National Archives

Examples Primary Sources Journal or diary Letters Newspaper articles Pamphlets Photographs Clothing Original buildings Broadsides Artifacts Cartoons Maps Recipes Secondary Sources Text book Book or article about an event Wikipedia Documentaries Ulysses S. Grant Document Box, 1864 Ohio Historical Society

Wait a minute... What’s Wrong with Secondary Sources? Historians use both primary and secondary sources Secondary sources tell us: ,[object Object]

Clues to find out morePortrait of an Unidentified Woman Ohio Historical Society

Confederate National Flag Division of the History of Technology Armed Forces History National Museum of American History Smithsonian Institution, Behring Center Lent by John McLean Hazen Lincoln’s Hat Division of Social History, Political History National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution Behring Center Transfer from the U.S. War Department Patriotic Cover (Envelope) Bessie L. Cullen Collection National Postal Museum. Smithsonian Institution Long Abraham Lincoln a Little Longer, Frank Bellew Harper's Weekly, November 26, 1864 HarpWeek.com Some Examples of Primary Sources

Why Use Primary Sources? Expose students to multiple perspectives Help students develop analytical abilities Help students relate to events on a human level Social Studies Skills and Methods standards And primary sources are fun! Gettysburg Address, wordle.com

Take Another Look Primary Source Secondary Source Major General William T. Sherman Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Researcher finds photograph in the archives Researcher writes a book on the Civil War

Selecting Primary Sources Things to Consider Interest Reading Level Length Points of View Variety Dorothea Dix Letter to Dr. Flowers Regarding Appointment of Nurse, 1862 Ohio Historical Society Unidentified African American Soldier in Union Uniform with Wife and Two Daughters, ca. 1863-1862 Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division

Where to Locate Primary Sources Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org OhioPix www.ohiohistory.org/ohiopix Ohio Memory www.ohiomemory.org American Memory http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ National Archives www.archives.gov Local Historical Societies and Public Libraries National Colors of the Black Brigade of Cincinnati 1862 Ohio Battleflag Collection Ohio Historical Society

Primary Source Activity Develop the Skills of Historians Analyze Synthesize Support an argument Project-based learning

Primary Source Activity Develop the Skills of Historians Analyze Synthesize Support an argument Project-based learning 21st Century Learning Skills- Critical Thinking Exercise sound reasoning Make complex choices Understand interconnections Frame, analyze and solve problems

Who’s That Lady?Description:Doing the Work of Historians Break into groups Consider the phrase “The First Lady” Quick, toss out 5 descriptive words and write each word on your activity sheet Make a sentence using those words

Activity – Who’s that Lady? Now we’ll look at some sources Come up with 5 new descriptive words based on your evidence and write each word on a card Make a sentence using those words Share your sentences with the class

CONGRATUATIONS! You’ve just made history! What differences did you see between your two sentences? Why?

Curating in the Classroom Because of your demonstrated knowledge of Ohio history and your considerable skill in the analysis and interpretation of primary source materials, you and your colleagues have been selected to be guest curators of the Ohio Historical Society and to develop a museum exhibit panel which will tell the story of immigration in Ohio

Curating in the Classroom Each group has a packet of primary sources Pick 5 Name your exhibit (What is the unifying theme of your five sources?) Create your exhibit Share with the class

Why do it? It enables participants to create their own narrative Participants develop a thesis and support it using primary sources Participants need to analyze the sources to determine which best support their narrative It’s creative and collaborative!

Works for almost any subject Participants form a historical narrative based on primary sources in a packet that is topic-specific African Americans and the law Migration to Ohio Women’s Rights The possibilities are endless!

21st Century Skills Technology and Social Studies http://coolmaterial.com/roundup/if-historical-events-had-facebook-statuses/

Social Studies 2.0 PostComment TagUploadembedShareFriend FANLikeretweetCREATEMashup

Instead of an exhibit, how about a video? Created using Microsoft Photo Story 3 for Windows - Free Download

PowerPoint FREE Alternatives OpenOffice IMPRESS Open Source Software Google docs Presentations Advantage: Easy to share! slideshare

Promoting 21st Century Skills in Social Studies Classrooms with Primary Sources

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