The document provides information about Indian Railways and diesel locomotives. It discusses key facts such as Indian Railways having over 64,000 km of track and over 1.6 million employees. It also describes the locomotive workshop in Lucknow and provides details about the classification, components, and workings of diesel locomotives in India including the popular WDM-2 model.
2. Introduction to Indian Railways
Railways serve the people of India since 1853.
Indian Railways are the biggest organization in our
country, which is engaged in transportation.
Indian Railways has more than 64,215 kilometres
(39,901 miles) of track and 7,083 stations. It has
the world's fourth largest Railway network after
those of the United States, Russia and China.
3. Introduction to Indian Railways
Indian Railways is divided into zones, which are
further sub-divided into divisions. The number of
zones in Indian Railways increased from six to eight in
1951, nine in 1952, and finally 17 in 2010.
It is one of the world's largest commercial or utility
employers, with more than 1.6 million employees. As
to rolling stock, IR owns over 230,000 (freight) wagons,
60,000 coaches and 9,000 locomotives.
5. Introduction to Locomotive
Workshop Lucknow
This Locomotive Workshop was established by the
princely state of Oudh & Rohilkhand Railway (O&RR)
at Lucknow in 1867.
After about sixty years, that is in the year 1925 the
O&RR was taken over by the Eastern Indian Railway
(EIR) along with all assets and liabilities
Subsequently in 1952 the EIR merged with Northern
Railway.
Currently, the periodical overhauling (POH) and
maintenance of diesel locomotives like WDM-2,
WDM-3A and WDM-3D is done in the workshop
6. What is Locomotive?
A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that
provides the motive power for a train.
The word originates from the Latin loco – "from a
place", ablative of locus, "place" + Medieval
Latin motivus, "causing motion", and is a shortened
form of the term locomotive engine,
First used in the early 19th century to distinguish
between mobile and stationary steam engines
7. Locomotives in India
Locomotives in India consist of ELECTRIC and
DIESEL locomotives.
STEAM locomotives are no longer used, except in
heritage trains.
Locomotives are also called locos or engines.
The first successful Locomotive was built by cornish
inventor Richard Trevithick
8. Tracks And Guages
Indian railways uses four gauges
the 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
which is wider than the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
standard gauge;
the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge; and two
narrow gauges
The total length of track used by Indian Railways was
about 114,000 km (71,000 mi) while the total route
length of the network was 64,215 km (39,901 mi) on 31
March 2011.
10. Section of Locomotive
Locomotive Engine is divided into five Section
* Nose : Small section where Batteries are placed
* Driver’s Cabin : Next to Nose all controls are in this
section
* Power Pack Assembly or Engine : Main section of
locomotive
* Compressor section : Compressor are attached with
crank shaft via coupling
*Radiator : Last section from where thermal energy in
of locomotive discharge outside
12. Classification of Locomotive
In India, locomotives are classified according to their track
gauge, motive power, the work they are suited for and their
power or model number.
It comprises 4 or 5 letters.
The first letter denotes the track gauge
The second letter denotes their motive power (Diesel or
Electric)
The third letter denotes the kind of traffic for which they
are suited (goods, passenger, mixed or shunting).
The fourth letter will denote their horsepower range.
The fifth letter generally denotes a technical variant or
subclass or subtype.
For example WDM 2A
13. Nomenclature of Locomotive
The code is of the form [gauge][power][load][series][suffix]
GUAGE- W(BROAD) Y (METRE)
Z (NARROW,2.6’) N (NARROW,2’)
POWER- D = Diesel C = DC traction
A = AC traction CA = Dual-power AC/DC
B = Battery electric (rare)
LOAD- M = Multipurpose P = Passenger
G = Goods S = Shunting
L = Light Duty (Light Passenger) R = Railcar
SERIES- 1 –over 1000 hp less than 2000hp 2-over 2000 less than 3000
3--over 3000hp less than 4000hp 4-over 4000 less than 5000
SUFFIX-A-100HP B-200HP C-300HP D-400HP
WDM3A MEANS “Broad gauge diesel powered multipurpose 3100hp loco”
14. TRANSMISSION TYPES OF
DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES:
Unlike steam engines, internal combustion engines
require a transmission to power the wheels.
The engine must be allowed to continue to run when
the locomotive is stopped.
The Transmission are of two types
DIESEL-MECHANICAL
DIESEL-ELECTRICAL
15. Diesel-Mechanical
A diesel-mechanical locomotive uses a mechanical
transmission in a fashion similar to that employed in
most road vehicles
This type of transmission is generally limited to low-
powered, low speed shunting (switching) locomotives,
lightweight multiple units and self-propelled railcars.
There is usually a fluid coupling interposed between
the engine and gearbox, and the gearbox is often of the
epicyclic (planetary) type to permit shifting while
under load.
17. Diesel-Electric
In a Diesel-electric locomotive, the Diesel engine drives an
electrical generator whose output provides power to the
traction motors.
There is no mechanical connection between the engine
and the wheels.
The important components of Diesel-electric propulsion
are the Diesel engine (also known as the prime mover), the
main generator, traction motors and a control system
consisting of the engine governor as well as electrical
and/or electronic components used to control or modify
the electrical supply to the traction motors, including
switchgear, rectifiers and other components.
19. Working of Diesel Locomotive
Most of the diesel locomotives (including WDM-2) are
actually Diesel Electric Locomotives.
An internal combustion diesel engine rotates an
electric generator first, producing electric current.
The electricity thus produced by the generator is fed
to different electric motors, placed near to loco axles.
This motor output is connected mechanically to the
wheels through suitable gear systems.
22. Indian Locomotive Class WDM-2
The class WDM-2 is Indian Railways' workhorse diesel
locomotive.
The first units were imported fully built from the
American Locomotive Company (Alco) in 1962. Since
1964, it has been manufactured in India by the Diesel
Locomotive Works (DLW), Varanasi.
The model name stands for broad gauge (W), diesel
(D), mixed traffic (M) engine.
23. Specifications of WDM-2
Builders: Alco, DLW
Engine: Alco 251-B, V-16 cylinder, 2600hp (2430hp site
rating) with Alco 710/720 turbocharger. 1000rpm max,
400rpm idle; 228mm x 266mm bore/stroke; compression
ratio 12.5:1. Direct fuel injection, centrifugal pump cooling
system
Governor: GE 17MG8 / Woodwards 8574-650.
Transmission: Electric, with BHEL TG 10931 AZ generator
(1000rpm, 770V, 4520A).
Traction motors: GE752 (original Alco models) (405hp),
BHEL 4906 BZ (AZ) (435hp) and (newer) 4907 AZ (with
roller bearings)
Axle Load: 18.8 tonnes, total weight 112.8t.
24. Specifications of WDM-2
Gauge: 1,676mam
Wheel Diameter: 1,092mm
Wheelbase: 12,834mm
Total length: 17,120mm
Width: 2,864mm
Height: 4,185mm
Length over buffer beams: 15,862mm.
Distance between bogies: 10,516mm.
26. Power Pack Assembly of Diesel
Locomotive
This is the main power source for the locomotive.
It comprises a large cylinder block, with the cylinders
arranged in a V-shaped arrangement (generally V-12 or
V-16).
The engine rotates the drive shaft at up to 1,000 rpm
and this drives the various items needed to power the
locomotive.
As the transmission is electric, the engine is used as
the power source for the electricity generator or
alternator, as it is called nowadays.
29. Main Parts & Accessories of
Power Pack
The POWER PACK (engine) of the diesel locomotive
consists of various parts and accessories fitted and
attached to it.
The LUBE OIL SUMP, ENGINE BLOCK and HEADER
are combined together to form the power pack during
the assembling process of the power pack.
30. Main Parts & Accessories of
Power Pack
Some of the most important parts and accessories of the power
pack are as follows:
LUBE OIL HEADER, LUBE OIL SCREEN, LUBE DRAIN PIPE,
LUBE OIL PUMP, WATER PUMP, S-PIPE, CRANKSHAFT,
CAMSHAFT, CONTROL SHAFT, EXTENSION SHAFT,
CYLINDER LINER, PISTONS, CYLINDER HEADS, ROCKER
ARMS, PUSH RODS, WATER JUMPER, WATER CHANNEL,
WATER RISER, EXHAUST MANIFOLD, COMPRESSION
CHAMBER EXHAUSTER MOTOR, GOVERNOR, FIP(FUEL
INJECTION PUMP), CAMSHAFT GEAR, SPLIT GEAR, TURBO
SUPERCHARGER, AC(AFTER COOLING) CORE, OIL
CATCHER, VIBRATION DAMPER, INJECTOR NOZZLES, INLET
& EXHAUST VALVES, BUBBLE CRUSHERS, CROSSHEAD and
many more…
31. Description
LUBE OIL PUMP : This pump helps in the circulation of the lube
oil to various parts and accessories of the power pack for the
purpose of lubrication. It draws the lube oil from lube oil header
and circulates it with required optimum pressure to various parts
WATER PUMP: It is a type of centrifugal pump whose main
function is to circulate water through parts and accessories of the
power pack necessary to cool and reduce the temperature by
absorbing heat.
LUBE OIL SCREEN: It acts as a filter which helps in filtering of
the lube oil coming to the sump after circulation to various parts.
It separates impurities and metal parts from the lube oil.
32. Description
CRANKSHAFT: It is the important shaft of the power
pack. It is connected to the camshaft via split gear
which is connected to the camshaft gear. Also, on one
end of the crankshaft, the main generator is connected
and on the other end an extension shaft is being fitted
which drives the expressor.
33. Description
EXPRESSOR: The expressor (Combined compressor
and exhauster) unit produces vacuum and the
constant supply of compressed air for the locomotive
and train brakes and for various accessories.
COMPRESSION CHAMBER EXHAUSTER MOTOR:.
This motor helps in escaping of these blowby gases
from the sump to avoid explosion and other harmful
effects. This motor is also known as the CC MOTOR.
34. Description
OIL CATCHER: It is mounted on the generator side to avoid the
any lube oil entering the generator parts as it may damage the
generator. It catches the lube oil and drain it to the sump.
EXHAUST MANIFOLD: It helps in the collection of burnt
exhaust gases from various cylinders of the power pack and
transfer it to the turbo supercharger. These exhaust gases drives
the turbine of the turbocharger.
VIBRATION DAMPERS: The function of vibration damper is to
damp the oscillatory and rotator vibrations that are caused due
to the movement of the crankshaft and other rotator parts of the
power pack.
35. Description
CAMSHAFT: The two camshafts are driven by the
crankshaft by the split gear. The camshafts have three lobes
for operating the inlet valves, the exhaust valves and the
FIP. They are located on each side of the V- shaped engine
cylinders
GOVERNOR: Once a diesel engine is running, the engine
speed is monitored and controlled through a
governor. The governor ensures that the engine speed stays
high enough to idle at the right speed and that the engine
speed will not rise too high when full power is
demanded. The governor consists of a rotating shaft, which
is driven by the diesel engine.
36. Description
MAIN GENERATOR: The diesel engine drives the
main generator which provides the power to move the
train. The generator generates electricity which is
used to provide power for the traction motors
mounted on the trucks (bogies).
