8. Modern Biotech
Manipulation of genetic
material within organisms
Based on genetics and the
use of microscopy,
biochemical methods,
related sciences and
technologies
11. Ancient Biotech
Useful plants brought from
the wild, planted near caves
where people lived
As food was available, ability
to store and preserve
emerged
13. Domestication
15,000 years ago, large
animals were hard to capture
People only had meat when
they found a dead animal
Came up with ways of
capturing fish and small
animals
16. Domestication
Involved the collecting of
seed from useful plants and
growing crude crops from
that seed
Involved the knowledge that
the seed had to properly
mature
18. Domestication
Raising animals in captivity
began about the same time
in history
Easier to have an animal
close by that to hunt and
capture a wild one
26. Food preservation
Stored in bags of leather or jars
of clay
Fermentation occurs if certain
mo’s are present
Creates an acid condition that
slows or prevents spoilage
27. Cheese
One of the first food
products made through
biotechnology
Began some 4,000 years
ago
Nomadic tribes in Asia
35. Fermentation
Process in which yeast
enzymes chemically change
compounds into alcohol
In making vinegar the first
product of fermentation is
alcohol
36. Fermentation
Alcohol is converted to acetic
acid by additional microbe
activity
Acid gives vinegar a sour taste
Vinegar prevents growth of
some bacteria
37. Vinegar
Keeps foods from spoiling
Used in pickling
Biblical references to wine
indicate the use of
fermentation some 3,000
years ago
61. Mendel
Studied inheritance of seven
pairs of traits
Bred and crossbred thousands
of plants
Determined that some traits
were dominant and other
recessive
64. Walter Sutton
Determined in 1903 that
chromosomes carried units of
heredity identified by Mendel
Named “genes” in 1909 by
Wilhelm Johannsen, Danish
Botanist
65. Thomas Hunt Morgan
Studied genetics of fruit flies
Early 1900’s
Experimented with eye color
His work contributed to the
knowledge of X and Y
chromosomes
67. Ernst Ruska
Build the first electron
microscope in 1932
German electrical engineer
Microscope offered 400X
magnification
68. Alexander Fleming
Discovered penicillin in 1928
First antibiotic drug used in
treating human disease
Observed growth of molds
(Penicillium genus) in a dish
that also contracted bacteria
69. Alexander Fleming
Bacteria close to the molds
were dead
Extracting and purifying the
molds took a decade of
research
Penicillin first used in 1941
71. Rosalind Elsie Franklin
Research in France and
England in mid 1900’s
Led to discovery of structure
of DNA
Her early research was used
to produce an atomic bomb
72. Rosalind Franklin
Set up X ray diffraction lab
Photographs of DNA
showed that it could have a
double helix structure
74. Watson and Crick
James Watson
Francis Crick
Collaborated to produce the
first model of DNA structure
in 1953
75. Watson and Crick
Described DNA dimensions
and spacing of base pairs
Had major impact on genetic
engineering carried out today
76. Watson
Born in the US
Crick – born in England
Collaborative research at
Cambridge University in
England
77. Norman E. Borlaug
Developed wheat varieties
producing high yields
Research in Mexico
Semi dwarf varieties
Developed wheat variety that would
grow in climates where other
varieties would not
84. Research
Supplies facts that can be
used to improve a process or
product
Settings range from
elaborate labs to field plots
85. Field Plot
Small area of land that is
used to test questions or
hypothesis
Belief is that same result
would be obtained if carried
out on larger scale
87. Research
Done by agencies, universities,
private companies, individuals
Biotech research in ag is
carried out by ag experiment
stations and large corporations
88. Development
Creation of new products or
methods based on findings
of research
Carefully studied before
being put into full scale use
89. Development
New products tested before
approval
Government agencies such as
the FDA are involved
Prototype is developed –
research model that is carefully
tested
90. Prototype
Becomes a pattern for the
production of similar
products
After being fully tested, full
scale production begins.