This document discusses older people's health and care pathways. It begins by noting that the population of older people is increasing significantly and they represent a large portion of health and social care spending. It then outlines some of the differences between how health and social care are currently organized and funded. The document proposes a person-centered pathway approach with six stages from normal residence to end of life care. It provides examples of how this framework could be used to analyze spending across agencies and identify high impact investments. Finally, it discusses benefits of using this pathway approach, including providing a common language to better integrate health and social care responses.
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Why focus
on older people?
46
35
38
58
Spend on >65 as % of Totals
HCHS Primary Care
Prescriptions Social Care
% Total of Population
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
1948 2008 2048
>65 >75 >85
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Mind the Gap!
Older people's health and care pathway 3
Strategy
Systems Culture
Identity
National service
Part of national identity
Primary accountability via NHs
Hierachy to SOS / Parliament
Adult Social Care
Nationally Directed via NCB
Marketisation
Consistent
Clinical and professional standards
Flat funding
Locally directed
Personalisation
Significant local variation
Care standards
25% funding reductions
Local care services
Part of local councils
Primary accountability via
Local Councillors
Few national providers
+ many small local
providers
Local council T&Cs
Local democratic
accounatbility
Major Regulated Providers e.g. FTs
National prices
National T&Cs
Strong performance mgt
Political culture
Weak provider influence
Professionally dominated
Strong provider influence
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Significant Events
State A State B
Significant Events often involve a
discontinuity or change of state, phase,
realm or order
Inputs
Outputs
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Significant Events
A progression, or cluster of progressions, which involves:
Significant Creation
– When something significant is created from nothing. A new concept is
conceived. The decision point for a new strategy, plan, purpose, objective,
concept, design, diagnosis, proof, principle, or ethic. A contractual relationship
is formed.
Significant Conversion
– A significant conversion or transformation. Inputs die and something new and
purposeful emerges.
Significant Inspiration
– When someone is significantly inspired, healed, energised or re-motivated.
When something comes alive, is reborn or is restored to what it is meant to be.
Something realises its true value and worth. Something new and significant is
learnt.
Leading to:
Something with a new Identity,
and a major contribution to the overall purpose
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Example client system
- The Essex Journey
• Multiple projects over last 4 years.
• 3 Local Authorities, 5 CCGs & 5 acute hospitals
• Combined £1 billion spend on people over 65
• Projects including
– Older People’s services strategy
– Joint commissioning for OPS.
– Urgent care strategy
– Community Budgets.
– Integrated Commissioning.
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Person-centred health &
care pathway
Significant Events
Equilibrium -
normal place
of residence
Presentation &
assessment
Diagnosis/Needs
identification
Treatment/ Care
Planning and
delivery
Restore to
equilibrium
End of Life Care /
Palliation
Stage 0 1 2 3 4 5
Home
Supported housing
Community/
Primary Care setting
Intermediate Care
setting
Hospital -
ambulatory Care
Care Home
Hospital - in-patient
care
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Stage 5
Palliate (end of
life care)
Stage 3
Treatment / Care
Planning and
Delivery
Stage 4
Return to
equilibrium via
rehabilitation &
reablement
Stage 2
Diagnosis/
Needs
Identification
Stage 1
Presentation &
Assessment
Stage 0:
Equilibrium in
the normal place
of residence
Person-centred health &
care pathway showing flows
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Best Practice Framework
Pathway Stage Category
0 Prevention
0
Information, advice and advocacy
0 Supported self-management, empowerment and peer and community support
0 Assistive technology
0 Housing
0 Case management/virtual ward
1 Initial contact
1 Assessment
4 Re-ablement and rehabilitation
4 Intermediate Care
5 End of Life Care
Cross-cutting Governance/Integration
Cross-cutting Efficiency and effectiveness
Cross-cutting Policy drivers
Cross-cutting Planning
Cross-cutting Processes and systems
Cross-cutting Carer support
Key emerging themes:
• Place
• Keeping people healthy
• Crisis anticipation and response
• Personal care market
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Applying Best Practice
Investment/Benefit matrix
(example H&SC system)
Benefit
Invest
NHS Both Social care
NHS
Both
Social
care
1
2
3
4
5
6
12
8
9
10
7
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Case mgt, virtual
wards & Telehealth
with predictive case –
finding
Stroke mgt &
incontinence
Access to
financial
information
Reablement
Falls prevention
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Benefits of the
pathway framework
• Focus responses around the needs of the person.
• Bridges the structural fault-line by enabling
– Health and social care to consider service responses and resources
together
– Alignment of strategies, resources, capacity and governance
(including identification of current misalignments)
– Intelligent conversation about investment and benefits realisation
– Simple common language and pathway framework for all staff
– Gathering around a common purpose - to optimise independence
and well-being in peoples’ normal place of residence
• Enables vision to deliver all significant events in normal place of
residence where possible
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