Industrial Technology, Technological development in industry, Industrial Accidents in Factory, Types of Accident in Factory, Causes of Accidents in factory, Monitoring and protecting measure of Industrial Accidents, Safe Toxic Waste management, Waste Disposal Technology, What is clean technology, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) & CDM Scenario in Bangladesh, mitigation and adaptation measures in CDM concept, National plan on sustainable habitual action concept of CDM, Green Architecture Issues of energy security

1. WELCOME TO
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION TITLE
INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY & CLEAN TECHNOLOGY

2. OUTLINE
INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
• Technological development in industry
• Industrial Accident in Factory
• Types of Accident in Factory
• Causes of Accidents
• Monitoring and protecting measure
• Safe Toxic Waste
• Disposal Technology
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
• Clean development mechanism
• Imperative of CLEAN technology in content
of mitigation and adaptation measure
• CDM scenario in BD
• National action plan on climate change
sustainable habitual concept of GAIES
• National action plan on climate change of
food and social security.

4. Industrial
Technology
Industrial technology is the use of engineering and manufacturing
technology to make production faster, simpler and more efficient
The industrial technology field includes a wide range of career
options and employs professionals with expertise in a variety of
disciplines.
Industrial Technology involves the management, operation, and
maintenance of complex operation systems.

5. Technological
development in industry
 The introduction of new tools and techniques for performing given tasks.
The mechanization of the production process.
Changes in the nature and level of integration of technical production systems, or
enhanced interdependence;
The development, utilization, and application of new scientific ideas, concepts, and
information in production and other processes; and
 Enhancement of technical performance capabilities, or increase in the efficiency of
tools, equipment, and techniques in performing given tasks.

6. Industrial Accident
in Factory
 An accident (industrial) is a sudden and unexpected
occurrence in the industry which interrupts the orderly
progress of the work. According to the Factories Act, 1948:
“It is an occurrence in an industrial establishment causing
bodily injury to a person who makes him unfit to resume
his duties in the next 48 hours”.
 The ever increasing mechanization, electrification and
chemicalization have made industrial jobs more and more
complex and intricate. This has led to increased dangers to
human life in industries through accidents and injuries.

7. Worst Industrial
Accidents
• Bhopal Gas Tragedy, India
killed 8000 people
• The Banqiao Dam Collapse, China
killed an estimated 171,000 people
• Benxihu Colliery Explosion, China
killed about 1549 people
• The Halifax Explosion, Canada
Around 2000 people were killed
• Savar Building Collapse, Bangladesh
killing around 1129 people and injuring over 2500 people

8. Worst Industrial
Accidents
• Chernobyl Disaster, Ukraine
almost 4000 people have died
• Courrières mine disaster, France
death of 1099 miners
• Oppau Explosion, Germany
4500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulphate and
ammonium nitrate and killed about 500-600 people
• Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Alaska
spilling 260,000 to 750,000 barrels of oil.

9. Types of
Accident
in Factory

10. Types of Accident
in Factory
There are FOUR
category of accidents
Minor Accidents
Reportable Accidents
Fatal Accidents
Accidents Due to
Dangerous Occurrence

11. MINOR ACCIDENTS
• Less harmful in nature to the worker
• Preventing employees from working for the period less than 48 hours
from the time of accidents
It includes all those accidents that are
These accidents are not reported to the higher
management.
These accidents are easily control.

12. Reportable Accidents
It includes the
category of accidents
which is little
complicated then of
minor accidents.
Here the injuries caused
to the worker prevent
him from working for
the period of 48 hours
or more.
Here supervisor is
responsible to report to
the higher management
and arrange another
worker so that the
production could not be
affected.

13. Fatal Accidents
It includes the accidents that
could result in the death of the
injured worker.
The death could occur on the
spot due to the unbearable
injuries.

14. Accidents Due to
Dangerous
Occurrence
These occurs due to
• Bursting of vessel for containing steam under
pressure greater then atmospheric pressure.
• Failure of crank or other appliances.
• Explosion of fire causing damage to any room or
place where person are employed.
• Explosion of container used for storage of any
gas or liquid at a pressure greater than
atmospheric pressure.

15. Causes of Accidents
As we know that an accidents is an unplanned activity and hence
an accidents don’t have any specific cause to occur , the causes of
accident vary from situation to situation.
In general sense an accident may be cause due to:
01
Technical cause
02
Human cause

16. Technical cause
Technical causes are associated with detective plants, tools, equipment’s,
machines, and materials.

17. MECHANICAL FACTORS ENVIRONEMENTAL FACTORS
The mechanical factors includes:
Unsafe mechanical design and construction,
Improper machine guarding and material
handling,
Defective device,
faulty layout and location of plant,
inadequate lighting arrangements and
ventilation,
unsafe storage and inadequate safety
devices
The environmental factors includes :
Two low and too high temperature to cause
shivering and sweating respectively,
too high humidity to cause fatigue
inadequate rest and brakes b/w working
hours,
excessive noise
unhealthy environment
dust and fume

18. Human cause

19. Unsafe Acts
(a) Operating without authority.
(b) Failure to use safe attire or personal protective equipment’s,
(c) Careless throwing of material at the work place.
(d) Working at unsafe speed, i.e., too fast or too low.
(e) Using unsafe equipment, or using equipment’s unsafely.
(f) Removing safety devices.
(g) Taking unsafe position under suspended loads.
(h) Distracting, teasing, abusing, quarrelling, day-dreaming, horseplay
(i) One’s own accident prone personality and behavior.

20. PERSONAL
FACTORS
It
includes
Age
Health
Lack of knowledge & skill
Improper attitudes towards work.
Emotional in stability such as jalousy.
Mental worries
Non use safety device
Working and unsafe speed.
Improper use of tools.

21. Monitoring and protecting
measure
Some of the steps
for preventing
industrial accidents
are as follows :
1. Proper
safety
measures
2. Proper
selection
3. Safety
conscious
4.
Enforcement
of discipline
5. Incentives
6. Safety
committees
7. Proper
maintenance of
machines,
equipment and
infrastructural
facilities
8. Safety
training and
drill.

22. Monitoring and
protecting measure
1. Proper safety measures:
The proper safety measures should be adopted to avoid accidents Government also provides
guidelines for enacting measures for checking accidents, these should be properly followed.
2. Proper selection:
Any wrong selection of workers will create problems later on. Sometime employees are
accident prone, they may not be properly suitable for the particular jobs. So the selection of
employees should be on the basis of properly devised tests so that their suitability for jobs is
determined.
3. Safety conscious:
The employees should be made conscious of various safety measures to be followed. There
should be proper working slogans and advises to the worker for making them conscious.

23. Monitoring and
protecting measure
4. Enforcement of discipline:
Disciplinary action should be taken against those who flout safety measures.
There may be negative punishments like warnings, lay off, terminations of
workers.
5. Incentives:
Workers should be given various incentives for maintaining safety. There
may also be safety contrasts among workers. Those who follow safety
instructions properly should be given monetary and nonmonetary
incentives.
6. Safety committees:
Safety measures are in the interest of both employers. There should be
committees consisting of representatives of workers and employees for
devising and enforcing safety programmes.

24. Monitoring and
protecting measure
7. Proper maintenance of machines, equipment and infrastructural
facilities:
Accidents may occur on account of the fault in machines or equipment. There should
be proper maintenance of machines. These should be regularly checked and
frequently inspected by engineering
8. Safety training and drill:
The workers should be given training and drill regarding safety measures.
They should know the hazards of the machines, the areas of accident
proneness and the good working possible precautions in case of some
accident.

25. Safe Toxic Waste
In deciding on the best method for managing any waste there is a
hierarchy for decision making which addresses issues such as
sustainability, cleaner production, health, safety, and environmental
protection.
For hazardous waste the hierarchy is as follows:
Minimize Minimize amount of waste for disposal by recycling, reuse
and/or recovery.
Apply Method Where elimination is not possible apply methods to reduce
the quantity or hazard involved.
Eliminate Eliminate the production of hazardous waste.

26. Safe Toxic Waste
Contain, isolate
and store
Appropriately contain, isolate and store hazardous waste for
which no acceptable treatment or disposal option is currently
available.
Dispose Dispose of residues with a minimum of environmental impact.
Treat
Treat waste to stabilize, immobilize, contain or destroy
hazardous properties.
Recovery
This includes the recovery of energy which may be available
from the waste.

27. Disposal Technology
• Civic amenity site (CA site)
• Transfer Station.
Waste handling facilities
• Composting.
• Incineration.
• Landfill.
• Recycling.
• Windrow Composting.
Established waste treatment technologies

28. Disposal Technology
• Anaerobic digestion.
• Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels.
• Bio drying.
• Gasification
• Gas plasma.
• Land farming.
• In-vessel composting.
• Mechanical biological treatment.
• Mechanical heat treatment.
• Plasma arc waste disposal.
• Waste autoclave.
• Pollution control.
Alternative waste treatment technologies

29. WHAT IS
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
Clean technology refers to any process, product, or service
that reduces negative environmental impacts through
significant energy efficiency improvements, the sustainable
use of resources, or environmental protection activities.

30. WHAT IS
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
A broad base of processes, practices and tools, in any industry
that supports a sustainable business approach, including but not
limited to: pollution control, resource reduction and management,
end of life strategy, waste reduction, energy efficiency, carbon
mitigation and profitability
Clean technology includes a broad range of technology related to
recycling, renewable energy (wind power, solar power, biomass,
hydropower, biofuels, etc.), information technology, green
transportation, electric motors, green chemistry, lighting,
Greywater, and more.

31. WHAT IS THE
clean development
MECHANISM(CDM)
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the
Flexible Mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol (IPCC,
2007) that provides for emissions reduction projects which
generate Certified Emission Reduction units (CERs) which may
be traded in emissions trading schemes.

32. clean development
MECHANISM(CDM)OBJECTIVES
The CDM, defined in Article 12 of the Protocol, was intended to meet
two objectives:
1. To assist parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable
development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which
is to prevent dangerous climate change.
2. To assist parties included in non Annex I in achieving compliance
with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments
(greenhouse gas (GHG) emission caps).

33. clean development
MECHANISM(CDM)
"Annex I" parties are the countries listed in Annex I of the treaty, the
industrialized countries. Non-Annex I parties are developing countries.
The CDM addresses the second objective by allowing the Annex I countries
to meet part of their emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto
Protocol by buying Certified Emission Reduction units from CDM emission
reduction projects in developing countries (Carbon Trust, 2009, p. 14). Both
the projects and the issue of CERs units are subject to approval to ensure
that these emission reductions are real and "additional." The CDM is
supervised by the CDM Executive Board (CDM EB) under the guidance of
the Conference of the Parties (COP/MOP) of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

34. clean development
MECHANISM(CDM)

35. clean development
MECHANISM(CDM)
The CDM allows industrialized countries to buy CERs and to invest in
emission reductions where it is cheapest globally (Grubb, 2003, p. 159).[4]
Between 2001, which was the first year CDM projects could be registered
and 7 September 2012, the CDM issued 1 billion Certified Emission
Reduction units.[5] As of 1 June 2013, 57% of all CERs had been issued for
projects based on destroying either HFC-23 (38%) or N2O (19%).[6] Carbon
capture and storage (CCS) was included in the CDM carbon offsetting
scheme in December 2011.

36. clean development
MECHANISM(CDM)
There were two main concerns about the CDM (Carbon Trust, 2009, pp.
14–15). One was over the additionality of emission reductions produced by
the CDM (see the section on additionality).
The other was whether it would allow rich, northern countries, and in
particular, companies, to impose projects that were contrary to the
development interests of host countries.
To alleviate this concern, the CDM requires host countries to confirm that
CDM projects contribute to their own sustainable development. International
rules also prohibit credits for some kinds of activities, notably nuclear power
and avoided deforestation.

37. IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
Biodiesel
Cap-and-trade system
Carbon footprint
Carbon neutral
Carbon offset
CGO
Clean computing
Data center infrastructure efficiency (DCIE)

38. IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
E- cycling
E-waste
Energy Star
Green collar
Renewable energy
Renewable energy
Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive
Volatile organic compound (VOC)
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive
Water cooling

39. IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
Biodiesel
Biodiesel is non-petroleum-based diesel fuel derived from vegetable or animal fats.
Ethanol is the most common form of biodiesel, based on corn in the BD, though other
forms that utilize pig waste, algae or switch grass are being developed.
Cap-and-trade system
A cap-and-trade system is a market-based approach to controlling pollution that
allows corporations or national governments to trade emissions allowances under an
overall cap, or limit, on those emissions.

40. IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
Carbon footprint
A carbon footprint is the measure of the environmental impact of a particular individual
or organization's lifestyle or operation, measured in units of carbon dioxide.
Carbon neutral
To be carbon neutral is to balance the amount of carbon dioxide released into the
atmosphere by a particular activity, like flying, driving or operating a data center, with
an equal amount of carbon sequestration or carbon offsets from a third party

41. IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
Carbon offset
A carbon offset is a credit that an individual or organization can purchase to negate a
carbon footprint, thereby achieving carbon neutrality. Revenue generated from the
purchase of offsets is typically invested in environmentally friendly projects
CGO
A CGO is a Chief Green Officer. A CGO is tasked with all aspects of making an
organization greener, including energy-efficient construction, e-cycling and e-waste
mitigation, recycling, LEED compliance, OSHA standards and clean production, if
applicable

42. IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
Clean computing
Clean computing is when an organization's manufacture, use and disposal of IT
equipment does not produce any harmful waste at any stage. Non-hazardous materials
are used in chip construction and packaging.
Data center infrastructure efficiency (DCIE)
DCIE is a metric used to determine the energy efficiency of a data center. Like power
usage effectiveness (PUE), the reciprocal of DCIE, the metric is calculated by dividing
the amount of power entering a facility to the amount of power used by the equipment
within it. Unlike PUE, DCIE is expressed as a percentage.

43. IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
E-cycling
E-cycling is the practice of reusing, or distributing for reuse, electronic equipment and
components rather than discarding them at the end of their life cycle. Often, even non-
functioning devices can be refurbished and resold or donated.
E-waste
E-waste is any refuse created by discarded electronic devices and components as
well as substances involved in their manufacture or use. The disposal of electronics is
a growing problem because electronic equipment frequently contains hazardous
substances. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), more than four
million tons of e-waste goes to landfills each year.

44. mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
Energy Star
Energy Star is a government-backed labeling program that helps people and
organizations save money and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by identifying
factories, office equipment, home appliances and electronics that have superior
energy efficiency. The EPA estimates that if every BD household and business
replaced old computers with new Energy Star-qualified models, more than 1.8 billion
in energy costs would be saved over the next five years, avoiding greenhouse gas
emissions equivalent to more than those produced by 2.7 million cars.

45. IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
Green collar
Renewable energy
Green collar is any kind of employment that involves products or services
that are environmentally friendly. Presidential candidates in the 2008
election cycle have endorsed the creation of green collar jobs to boost the
economy, like "solar panel installation, weatherizing homes, brewing bio
fuels, building hybrid cars and erecting giant wind turbines
Renewable energy is any energy source that is naturally replenished, like that
derived from solar, wind, geothermal or hydroelectric action. Energy produced
from the refining of biomass is also often classified as renewable. Coal, oil or
natural gas, on the other hand, are finite sources.

46. IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive
Volatile organic compound (VOC)
The RoHS is a set of criteria formulated by the European Union (EU) to regulate the
use of toxic materials in electrical and electronic devices, systems, and toys. RoHS
is often referred to as the "lead-free directive," although mercury, cadmium,
hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl
ether (PBDE) are all restricted as well.
A VOC is a toxic chemical, like formaldehyde, found in carpeting, plywood,
subflooring, paint, and furnishings. Strong fumes are a frequent indicator of harmful
gases. If you're remodeling or choosing a facility, choose lower-VOC options.

47. IMPERATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF
mitigation and adaptation measures CDM concept
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive
Water cooling
WEEE is a European Union law enacted in 2003 that, in concert with the RoHS
Directive, defines collection, recycling and recovery targets for all types of electrical
goods. WEEE places responsibility for the disposal of waste electrical and electronic
equipment (WEEE), aka "e-waste," on the manufacturers of such equipment.
Water cooling is an eco-friendly method used to lower the temperatures of computer
processors, and sometimes other components such as graphics cards, using water
rather than air as the cooling medium. Also known as "liquid cooling."

48. CDM SCENARIO IN
Bangladesh
Bangladesh government and NGO’s are trying to their level best Clean
Development Mechanisms that are including air fan, solar system, fossil-fuel,
water turbidity creating electricity etc. These technologies more often than not
consume more energy than state of the art or advanced technologies. CDM
allows a more energy efficient (or less GHG emitting) technology to be
installed.
Therefore, through CDM an entrepreneur can-
1. Option for a better technology resulting in cost savings;
2. Be able to comply easily with the Department of Environment's regulations;
3. Have a safer and cleaner plant; and
4. Contribute to sustainable development and to global environmental
protection

49. Bangladesh
CDM SCENARIO IN
Bangladesh is a low carbon dioxide emitting country. For instance, the per Capita
carbon dioxide emission is estimated at 0.2 ton/year, while the average for
developing countries is 1.6 ton/year. The low GHG emission status however provides
no relief from the effects of Global Warming because 1.5 meter rise in sea level would
inundate an area of 22,000 sq.km of Bangladesh, affecting 17 million people.
Obviously Bangladesh is likely to be one of the worst suffers of Global Warming. The
other impacts of global warming would be on:
1. Agriculture
2. Bio diversity and Forestry
3. Human Health
4. Fisheries
5. Drainage
6. Fresh water

50. CDM SCENARIO IN
Bangladesh
Greenhouse gases (GHGs), due to burning of fossil fuels, are sure to cause global
warming and bring about climate change. Scientists have detected various indications
of this change clearly in several areas. With the emissions and atmospheric
concentrations of greenhouse gases, there are signs of rapidly increasing average
surface temperatures and scientists have also detected the changing rain pattern.
In such a situation, some market based trading mechanisms like Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM), have been developed, since the inception of Kyoto protocol in
1997, to trade greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the less polluting countries to
polluting countries. In CDM, developing countries, like Bangladesh, which do not have
any legally binding target in reduction of GHGs, under the Kyoto Protocol, can invest
and develop various energy efficient technologies, which are not common practices of
the country.

51. Bangladesh
CDM SCENARIO IN
Despite having enough potential, Bangladesh has only been able to get registration of
five projects thus far while several projects are at a validation stage. The titles of the
registered projects are as follows:
1. Landfill Gas Extraction and Utilization at the Manual landfill site, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2. Composting of Organic Waste in Dhaka
3. Improving Kiln Efficiency in the Brick Making Industry in Bangladesh (Bundle-1)
4. Efficient Lighting Initiative of Bangladesh (ELIB)
5. Improved Cooking Stoves in Bangladesh

52. NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE
sustainablehabitualaction concept of CDM
Transport sector
Residential sector
1. Stringent Emission Standard
2. Eliminating High Emitting Vehicles Diesel to CNG Switch
3. Promoting Cleaner Diesel
4. Emission Control from Other Diesel Sources
1. Emission Control from Residential Cooking and Lighting
2. Clean Burning Fuel (Biogas)

53. NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE
sustainablehabitualaction concept of CDM
Industry
1. Emission Control from Brick Kilns
2. Improved Rice Parboiling Technology
3. Fossil Fuel Production and Transport
4. Recovery/ Utilization of Methane from Coal Mines
5. Reduction of Methane Emission from
6. Natural Gas Production and Transport

54. NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE
sustainablehabitualaction concept of CDM
Waste
Management
Agriculture and Livestock
1. Expansion of Sewerage System and Sewage Treatment Plan
2. Fecal Sludge Collection and Treatment
3. Separation and Treatment of Biodegradable
4. Solid Waste and Landfill Methane Gas Collection
1. Alternative Wetting and Drying (AWD) Method of Irrigation
2. Biogas Plants Utilizing Manure from Cattle and Poultry

55. National Action plan on climate change
sustainablehabitualaction concept of gaies
 Climate Change in Bangladesh is an extremely crucial issue and according
to National Geographic, Bangladesh ranks first as the nation most
vulnerable to the impacts of Climate Change in the coming decades.
 It is projected that, by 2020, from 500 to 750 million people will be affected
by water stress caused by climate change around the world. Low-lying
coastal regions, such as Bangladesh, are vulnerable to sea level rise and
increased occurrence of intense, extreme weather conditions such as the
cyclones from 2007 to 2009.
 In most countries like Bangladesh, yields from rain-fed agriculture could be
reduced to 50% by 2020. For a country with increasing population and
hunger, this will have an extremely adverse effect on food security

56. National Action plan on climate change
sustainablehabitualaction concept of gaies
• As a result of all this, Bangladesh would need to prepare for long-term adaptation,
which could be as drastic as changed sowing dates due to seasonal variations,
introducing different varieties and species, to practicing novel water supply and
irrigation systems.
National and international policies:
• Given the frequent climate change based catastrophes, Bangladesh needs to
enhance food security by drafting and implementing new policies such as the 2006
National Food Policy. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) supported this
policy through the 'National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Program'
(NFPCSP). There is also an initiative for the start of a 'Food Security Country
Investment Plan' enabling the country to secure around US$52 million under the
'Global Agriculture and Food Security Program' (GAFSP), making it Asia’s first
recipient

57. National Action plan on climate change
sustainablehabitualaction concept of gaies
 As a Least developed country (LDC), Bangladesh is exempt from any responsibility
to reduce GHG emissions, which primarily causes global warming. But lately this has
been the rallying factor for policy makers to give off higher amounts of emissions in
nearly all sectors with disregard for the environment.
 The country cannot go far in their struggle with reducing emissions and fighting
global warming with the considerable scantily supported funding and help it receives
from the international community. There exist plans such as the 'National Action
Plan on Adaptation' (NAPA) of 2005, and the 'Bangladesh Climate Change
Strategy and Action Plan' (BCCSAP) of 2009.
 BCCSAP states that an integrated approach is necessary and the only way to gain
sustainability is where economic and social development is perused to the exclusion
of disaster management, a one major calamity will destroy any so called socio-
economic gains.

58. GREEN ARCHITECTURE ISSUES OF
energy security
• In the long-run, climate change mitigation requires a carbon price,
and we believe that well-designed market mechanisms, such as a
cap-and-trade regime, are the best way to price the carbon
externality, and indeed have the potential to raise funds for climate
change solutions.
• In the short run, the debate appears to be concentrated more on
energy policy and energy security in the context of reinvigorating the
economy through an infrastructure stimulus package.
• However, we believe that energy security and addressing the
environmental impact of climate change are not mutually exclusive –
far from it

59. GREEN ARCHITECTURE ISSUES OF
energy security
There are four issue of energy security. These are-
1. Energy efficient buildings – in tough economic times, these projects,
which have long-term positive payback and are low-tech but labor-
intensive, make even more sense.
2. The electric power grid – without a modern and optimized power grid,
it is not possible for renewable power to scale up.7-9% of electric power
is also lost in transmission, with significant potential savings from
efficiency;
3. Renewable power – funding for technologically-proven renewables
allows scale-up and the long-term shift away from fossil fuels;
4. Public transportation – reduces emissions and ads to efficiency of
economy.

61. Thanks To All

62. KYOTO PROTOCOL
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits
state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific
consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is
extremely likely that human-made CO2 emissions have predominantly
caused it
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and
entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties
(Canada withdrew from the protocol, effective December 2012)[4] to the
Protocol.