データセンターは世界にいくつ必要か

{
“名前” : “真壁徹(まかべとおる)”,
“所属” : “日本マイクロソフト株式会社”,
“役割” : “クラウドソリューションアーキテクト”,
“経歴” : “大和総研  HP Enterprise”,
“特技” : “クラウド & オープンソース”
}

http://perspectives.mvdirona.com/2017/04/how-many-data-centers-needed-
world-wide/

http://fortune.com/2017/04/12/mark-hurd-oracle-data-centers/
"If I have two-times faster computers, I don't need as many data centers. If I can speed up the
database, maybe I need one fourth as may data centers. I can go on and on about how tech
drives this.“

[Microsoft Global Datacenters and
Network Infrastructure]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqZrejosqWU

38announced regions
34available regions

リージョンペア
リージョンリージョン
リージョン
AWS re:Invent 2014 “AWS Innovation at Scale with
James Hamilton” より

12.88ミリ秒18.92ミリ秒
9.00ミリ秒
測ってみました

"There is some absolute data center size where the facility becomes “too big to fail.” This line is gray and open
to debate but the limiting factor is how big of a facility can an operator lose before the lost resources and the
massive network access pattern changes on failure can’t be hidden from customers.”

1.Microsoft: 35 MW with CloudHQ in Manassas, Virginia
2.Microsoft: 30 MW with EdgeConneX in Elk Grove Village, Illinois
3.Microsoft: 22 MW with CyrusOne in Ashburn, Virginia
4.Microsoft: 16 MW with DuPont Fabros Technology in Santa Clara, California
5.Microsoft: 13.5 MW with CyrusOne in Phoenix, Arizona
6.Microsoft: 9 MW with CyrusOne in San Antonio, Texas
7.Oracle: 6 MW with CyrusOne in Sterling, Virginia
8.Salesforce: 6 MW with QTS in Dallas, Texas
9.Oracle: 5 MW with CyrusOne in Ashburn, Virginia
10.Oracle: 5 MW with Digital Realty Trust in Ashburn, Virginia
http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2017/01/18/who-leased-the-most-data-center-space-in-2016/
Microsoft、AWSともに自社建設、保有分は入っていないので雰囲気だけ

Colocation Density
2.0+ Power Usage
Effectiveness (PUE) 1.4 – 1.6 PUE
Discrete servers
Capacity
20 year technology
Rack
Density & deployment
Minimized resource
impact
Generation 1 Generation 2
Containment Modular Hyper-scale
1.2 – 1.5 PUE
1.12 – 1.20 PUE 1.07 – 1.19 PUE
Containers, PODs
Scalability &
sustainability
Air & water
Economization
Differentiated SLAs
Deployment Areas &
ITPACs
No more traditional IT
Right-sized
Faster time-to-market
Outside air cooled
Fully integrated
Resilient software
Common
infrastructure
Operational simplicity
Flexible & scalable
Generation 3 Generation 4 Generation 5

http://natick.research.microsoft.com/

Standard_D1_v2 10.404 East US 2 / -44.1%
Standard_D3_v2 41.718 East US 2 / -44%
Azure 仮想マシン(Linux)の価格(円)を、最安値リージョンと比較すると
東日本西ヨーロッパ
西イギリス東アジア(香港)
m4.xlarge $0.258 -29%
m4.2xlarge $0.516 -29%
m4.4xlarge $1.032 -29%

"Eventually it just make better sense to offer customers alternative regions rather than attempting to scale a
single region and the argument in favor of multiple regions become even stronger when other factors are
considered.”

Azure Regionオンプレミス(ユーザー占有型)
User User
User User
Storage
Cluster
Storage
Cluster
Server
Cluster
Server
Cluster
共用部分が大きい

User User
User User
Storage
Cluster
Storage
Cluster
Server
Cluster
Server
Cluster
影響範囲
ストレージクラスターが故障した場合
影響範囲が大きい

User User
User User
Storage
Cluster
Storage
Cluster
Server
Cluster
Server
Cluster
データセンター全体で共有している設備の障害影響は、
オンプレもAzureも同様

どれも冗長化、自己回復機能を有するが、不具合や作業ミスの可能性はゼロではない
ユーザーがそれに対処するにはマルチリージョン構成が有効

(規模の違いはありますが)

Azure
Storage
Cluster
Storage
Cluster
Server
Cluster
Server
Cluster

Traditional on-premises Modern cloud
Monolithic, centralized
Design for predictable scalability
Relational database
Strong consistency
Serial and synchronized processing
Design to avoid failures (MTBF)
Occasional big updates
Manual management
Snowflake servers
Decomposed, de-centralized
Design for elastic scale
Polyglot persistence (mix of storage technologies)
Eventual consistency
Parallel and asynchronous processing
Design for failure (MTTR)
Frequent small updates
Automated self-management
Immutable infrastructure
Azure Application Architecture Guide
https://docs.microsoft.com/ja-jp/azure/architecture/guide/

"But, without a more fundamental solution to the speed of light problem, many regions are the only practical
way to effectively serve the entire planet for many workloads.”

車線数(帯域)は
増えている
すでに僕のかんがえる
最速の車(光)

"Imagine a $20,000 car in one market costing far more than $200,000 in another market.”

海底ケーブルへの投資
https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/hybridcloud/2016/05/26/microsoft-
and-facebook-to-build-subsea-cable-across-atlantic/
https://azure.microsoft.com/ja-jp/blog/microsoft-invests-in-subsea-
cables-to-connect-datacenters-globally/
160Tbps
80Tbps

$azure location list --details
info: Executing command location list
+ Getting ARM registered providers
info: Getting locations...
data:
data: Location : japaneast
data: DisplayName : East Japan
data:
data:
[…]

" In addition, some national jurisdictions will put in place legal restrictions than make it difficult to fully serve
the market without a local region. ”

発想の逆転: 日本に置く必要のないシステムをUSに置けたら?
東日本西ヨーロッパ
西イギリス東アジア(香港)
m4.xlarge $0.258 -29%
m4.2xlarge $0.516 -29%
m4.4xlarge $1.032 -29%

" Oracle is hardly unique in having their own semiconductor team. Amazon does custom ASICs, Google
acquired an ARM team and has done custom ASIC for machine learning. Microsoft has done significant work
with FPGAs and is also an ARM licensee. ”

汎用・柔軟効率・性能

( https://docs.microsoft.com/ja-jp/azure/virtual-machines/virtual-machines-linux-sizes )

Host
SmartNIC
FPGA
ToR
NIC ASIC
SmartNIC
CPU

Web search
ranking
Traditional software (CPU) server plane
QPICPU
QSFP
40Gb/s ToR
FPGA
CPU
40Gb/s
QSFP QSFP
Hardware acceleration plane
Web search
ranking
Deep neural
networks
SDN offload
SQL

• Cavium ThunderX2
• Qualcomm Centriq 2400
• モバイルデバイス向けに数が伸
び続けるARMへの期待
• 電力あたり性能
• エコシステム
• Windows ServerをARM対応中
• まずはAzure内、ユーザーが意識
しないところで
• ソフトウェアとしての販売は未定
https://schd.ws/hosted_files/ocpussummit2017/f2/OCP17%20Workshop_Microsoft%20Project%20Olympus%20Servers_3_8_2017.pdf
http://files.opencompute.org/oc/public.php?service=files&t=5e232f151532e2af3b9754af4ca79f0b

http://files.opencompute.org/oc/public.php?service=files&t=14ab3cf25170b7a0a439e11a3d818c96
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/ecosystem-momentum-positions-microsoft-s-project-olympus-as-de-facto-open-compute-standard/
• “Hyperscale GPU Accelerator”
• NVIDIAとの共同開発
• Tesla P100 SMX2 x8 &
NVLink
• 4シャーシまで拡張可
• Internal PCIe Fabric
Interconnect
• 16サーバーまで共用可

“Price reductions on L Series and
announcing next generation Hyper-
threaded virtual machines”
(2017/4/3)

データセンターは世界にいくつ必要か

データセンターは世界にいくつ必要か

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie データセンターは世界にいくつ必要か

Ähnlich wie データセンターは世界にいくつ必要か (20)

Mehr von Toru Makabe

Mehr von Toru Makabe (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

データセンターは世界にいくつ必要か