3. A wide ranging scientific
field which includes the
manipulation of living
organisms that results in
new products or
processes by that cell.
4. Gregor Johann Mendel
Discovered the Laws
Governing the Genetic
Inheritance of Traits by
Scientific Experimentation.
Founded Modern Genetics.
5. *Creation of RECOMBINANT
DNA
*GENE CLONING
*GENE TRANSFER
6.
7. When DNA is
extracted from
an organism, all
its genes are
obtained
In gene (DNA)
cloning a
particular gene is
copied (cloned)
8. WHAT IS GENE CLONING ?
• To "clone a gene" is to
make many copies of
it
• Act of making many
identical copies of
gene
• Gene can be an exact
copy of a natural gene
• Gene can be an altered
version of a natural
10. Blood sample
DNA is extracted-
here from blood
DNA
Restriction
enzymes, e.g.
EcoRI, HindIII, etc.,
cut the DNA into
small pieces
Different DNA
pieces cut with the
same enzyme can
join, or recombine.
RESTRICTION
ENDONUCLEASE
21. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL
APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
ProteinPharmaceuticals
Vaccines & Therapeutic
Agents
Diagnostics: Protein or DNA
Based
Gene Therapy
Stem Cell Research
Cancer Treatment
22. Insertion of a new “healthy” gene into the
organism to provide needed (usually)
proteins, hormones etc.
Gene is carried into the host by a viral
vector that has been disabled
Can provide relief for many genetic
diseases
Problems: Jessie Gelsinger, xscid babies
immune responses, and cancer
