Evorus: A Crowd-Powered Conversational Assistant Built to Automate Itself Over Time

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Live Note/QA: http://tinyurl.com/Evorus
Evorus:
A Crowd-Powered
Conversational Assistant
Built to Automate Itself Over Time
Ting-Hao (Kenneth) Huang*
Joseph Chee Chang
Jeffrey P. Bigham
[ Question / Feedback: http://tinyurl.com/Evorus ]
*Kenneth will join in Fall 2018

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What just
happened?
• Open Conversation
• Multi-turn interaction
• Multiple domains
• Personalized
• Coherent dialog
• Mix of task-oriented
and social conversation

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Today’s Conversational Assistants…
“What’s new with Alexa?”“Talking to Siri”

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Existing Approaches to
Open Conversation
• Combining multiple task-oriented dialog systems
• DialPort (Zhao, et al., 2016)
• End-to-end framework for dialogue systems
• Serban, et al. 2016; Li, et al. 2017
• Adapting a model to many other domains
• Walker, et al., 2007; Sun, et al., 2016
• Chit-chat systems (social bot)
• Hold social conversations (Banchs, et al., 2012)
• Still a very hard problem…

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Existing Approaches to
Open Conversation
• Combining multiple task-oriented dialog systems
• DialPort (Zhao, et al., 2016)
• End-to-end framework for dialogue systems
• Serban, et al. 2016; Li, et al. 2017
• Adapting a model to many other domains
• Walker, et al., 2007; Sun, et al., 2016
• Chit-chat systems (social bot)
• Hold social conversations (Banchs, et al., 2012)
• Still a very hard problem…
MIT Technology Review
Feb 27, 2018

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A Top-Down Approach
Fully-Automated System
Human-
Powered
System

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A Top-Down Approach
Crowd-AI System
Human-
Powered
System

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A Top-Down Approach
Crowd-AI System
Human-
Powered
System

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In Today’s Talk…
Evorus
Chorus

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Chorus: A Crowd-Powered
Conversation Assistant
Evorus

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•Crowd workers collectively hold a
conversation by:
1. Propose Responses
2. Vote Responses
3. Take Notes
Reward points for
each action
"Is there anything else I can help you with?": Challenges in Deploying an On-Demand
Crowd-Powered Conversational Agent. Huang, et al. HCOMP 2016.
Chorus: A Crowd-Powered
Conversation Assistant

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User Interface
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User & Worker Interface
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We Deployed Chorus
• Launched on May 20th, 2016
• On Google Hangouts
• 2200+ conversations, 420+ users
• TalkingToTheCrowd.org

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Evorus
Chorus
Evorus: A Crowd-Powered Conversational Assistant
Built to Automate Itself Over Time

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Automating Chorus

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Automating Chorus

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Automating Chorus

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Automating Chorus

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Chatbots
How to select
chatbots
automatically?

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Ranking Chatbots: Performance & Topic
Chatbot’s
Performance
Topic Similarity
Likelihood
of a
Chatbot

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Chatbot’s
Performance
Topic Similarity
Likelihood
of a
Chatbot
~= Overall Message
Acceptance Rate

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Topic Similarity
User Message
Domain of
the Chatbot
Hey what should
I eat in Montreal?

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Topic Similarity
User Message
Domain of
the Chatbot
Hey what should
I eat in Montreal?
Find me some
good restaurants !
Where can I get
Chinese food?
Example
Triggering
Message

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Topic Similarity
User Message
Domain of
the Chatbot
Hey what should
I eat in Montreal?
Example
Triggering
Message
Find me some
good restaurants !
Where can I get
Chinese food?
Topic
Similarity

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Chatbot’s
Performance
Topic Similarity
Likelihood
of a
Chatbot

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Chatbot’s
Performance
Topic Similarity
Likelihood
of a
Chatbot
 Add more chatbots over time !

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Automatic Upvote
How to estimate
the impact of an
automation?

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Find the Best Confidence Threshold
• High Threshold
• Only vote when pretty sure
• High precision, but little benefit
• Low Threshold
• Nearly always vote
• Grant agreement bonus by mistake
• Damage conversation quality

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Find the Best Confidence Threshold
Expected Reward Points Saved

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Automating Chorus Over Time

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Automating Open Conversations
• Setup
• A 5-month-long deployment, 80 Users
• 4 chatbots + 1 voting bot
• Result
• Automated responses were chosen 12.44% of the time.
• Human upvotes were reduced by 13.81%.
• The cost of each message is reduced by 32.76%.
• Conversation quality and user
satisfaction level remains.
• Conversation Quality: Satisfaction,
Clarity, Responsiveness, Comfort
(Liu, et al., 2010)

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Conclusion & Future Work
• Automating some part of an open conversation is
possible.
• Future Work
• 1000+ Chatbots!
• Deploy Chorus as an Open Research Platform
• Chorus on Smart Devices

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Conclusion & Future Work
• Automating some part of an open conversation is
possible.
• Future Work
• 1000+ Chatbots!
• Deploy Chorus as an Open Research Platform
• Chorus on Smart Devices
@windx0303
KennethHuang.cc
Ting-Hao (Kenneth) Huang
QA: http://tinyurl.com/Evorus

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Backup Slides

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Features of
Automatic Voting

Evorus: A Crowd-Powered Conversational Assistant Built to Automate Itself Over Time

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Evorus: A Crowd-Powered Conversational Assistant Built to Automate Itself Over Time