Introduction to the Actor Model
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Michael Nash's introduction to the Actor Model of computation for parallel and distributed systems, along with an implementation for the JVM, Akka.
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Introduction to the Actor Model
- 2. WHO? Mike Nash - VP Capabilities - BoldRadius Solutions
- 3. THE ACTOR MODEL A model of computation An architectural approach Implementations
- 4. DR. CARL HEWITT ▸ Designed the Planner language ▸ "pattern-directed invokation from assertions and goals" ▸ used in robotics and AI ▸ The Actor Model ▸ Work spans 30 years ▸ Initial paper in 1973 with Peter Bishop and Richard Steiger ▸ In collaboration with MITs AI Lab
- 5. DR. CARL HEWITT ▸ Languages ▸ Scheme ▸ ACT-1 ▸ SALSA ▸ Caltrop ▸ ActorScript
- 6. THE ACTOR MODEL A mathematical model of concurrent computation where... ▸ actors are the universal primitive of computation ▸ An actor ▸ receives messages and acts on them ▸ sends messages
- 7. THE ACTOR MODEL Inspired by physics, general relativity and quantum mechanics Actor model theory explores theoretical topics in the actor model No shared state between actors Actors encapsulate state
- 8. RECEIVES MESSAGES ▸ Only way to interact with an actor is to send it a message ▸ Messages should be immutable ▸ All computation is in response to a message ▸ An actor is potential energy, a message turns it into kinetic energy
- 9. SENDS MESSAGES An actor can send messages to other actors This is its only way to communicate Messages are processed sequentially, concurrent to the sender
- 10. CREATES CHILD ACTORS Actors create other actors to handle sub-tasks Parent communicates with them via messages as usual
- 11. CHANGES BEHAVIOR An actor can change its behavior for subsequent messages This provides the basis for a finite state machine
- 12. IMPLEMENTIONS
- 13. HARDWARE Caltech Cosmic Cube - 1981 - 64 Intel 8086/87 processors - 6-dimensional hypercube network
- 14. HARDWARE J-Machine - 1988 - MIT VLSI Architecture group - Designed for concurrent smalltalk and the actor model
- 15. SOFTWARE ▸ Erlang ▸ Elixir ▸ Ada Tasks ▸ Pony ▸ Common Lisp Actors ▸ Akka
- 16. AKKA A practical application of the Actor Model on the JVM Large ecosystem of related libraries
- 17. AKKA CORE Actors within a single JVM Written in Scala Interoperable from Java, Clojure, Groovy Use any JVM library Supports pub/sub as well as point-to-point
- 18. TESTKIT ▸ Allows asynchronous actors to be tested synchronously ▸ Allows mock actors to be used as test probes ▸ Allows internal actor methods to be tested ▸ Allows asynchronous actors to be tested together
- 19. AGENTS ▸ Encapsulate a single value ▸ Conflict free reads ▸ Queued writes ▸ Writes expressed as a function (_ + 1)
- 20. AKKA REMOTING ▸ Actors in different JVMs can exchange messages ▸ Pluggable serialization ▸ Pluggable transport
- 21. AKKA CLUSTER ▸ Builds on remoting ▸ Avoid fixed addressing ▸ Handles cluster membership ▸ Cluster-aware routers ▸ Cluster singletons ▸ Auto fail-over ▸ Cluster events available
- 22. AKKA CLUSTER SHARDING ▸ Builds on cluster ▸ Node affinity for messages ▸ No single point of failure ▸ Supports distributed domain
- 23. AKKA DATA REPLICATION ▸ Supports automatic replication of data in a cluster ▸ Data must be represented with conflict-free replicated types ▸ Eventually consistent with short lag
- 24. AKKA HTTP ▸ Expose actors to the web ▸ Client and server ▸ Routing ▸ Requests and responses as messages ▸ Includes HTTP TestKit
- 25. AKKA STREAMS ▸ Solves the back-pressure problem ▸ DSL to define flows ▸ Sources and Sinks ▸ Akka HTTP builds on this
- 26. AKKA CONTRIB ▸ Community contributions to Akka ▸ Reliable proxy ▸ Message throttling ▸ Aggregators ▸ Receive pipeline
- 27. AKKA TYPED ▸ Next major version ▸ Actors support types ▸ Both messages and behaviors ▸ Under active development
- 28. CONCLUSION The Actor model predates Akka Akka provides the actor model on the JVM Akka optionally provides remoting, clustering and much more