Muscular System Lecture Slides

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky
10 The Muscular System
Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Major Skeletal Muscles: Anterior View
 The 40 superficial
muscles here are divided
into 10 regional areas of
the body
Figure 10.4b

Major Skeletal Muscles: Posterior View
 The 27 superficial
muscles here are divided
into seven regional areas
of the body
Figure 10.5b

Muscles: Name, and Action
 Name and description of the muscle – be alert to
information about the muscle given in the name
 Origin and insertion – there is always a joint between the
origin and insertion
 Action – best learned by acting out a muscle’s movement on
one’s own body

Muscles of the Face
Figure 10.6

Muscles of Mastication
Figure 10.7a

Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.8a

Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Anterior
Figure 10.9a

Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Posterior
Figure 10.9b

Deep Back Muscles
7
6
Figure 10.9d
1
2
3
4
5
8

Muscles of Respiration
 The primary function of
deep thoracic muscles is
to promote movement
for breathing
 External intercostals –
more superficial layer
that lifts the rib cage and
increases thoracic
volume to allow
inspiration
Figure 10.10a

Muscles of Respiration
 Internal intercostals –
deeper layer that aids in
forced expiration
 Diaphragm – most
important muscle in
inspiration
Figure 10.10a

Muscles of Respiration: The Diaphragm
Figure 10.10b

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
5
Figure 10.11a
3
4
6
7
8
9
1
2

Figure 10.11b

Figure 10.11c

Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles
Figure 10.13a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles
Figure 10.13b

Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
Figure 10.14a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Figure 10.14d
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Figure 10.14c

Muscles Crossing the Elbow
Forearm extension
 The triceps brachii is the prime mover of forearm
extension
Forearm flexion
 Brachialis and biceps brachii are the chief forearm
flexors
 The brachioradialis acts as a synergist and helps
stabilize the elbow

Muscles of the Forearm
 The two functional forearm muscle groups are: those that cause
wrist movement, and those that move the fingers and the thumb
 These muscles insert via strong ligaments called flexor
retinacula and extensor retinacula
 Anteriomedial compartment - flexors and pronators
 Posterolateral compartment - extensors and supinator
 The pronator teres and pronator quadratus are not flexors, but
pronate the forearm
 The supinator muscle is a synergist with the biceps brachii in
supinating the forearm

Forearm:
Superficial
Anterior
Compartment
 These muscles are
primarily flexors
of the wrist and
fingers and
pronators
3
1
2
Figure 10.15a
4
5
6
7
8

Forearm: Deeper Anterior Compartment
Figure 10.15b, c
1
2
3
4
5
6
Deep Deepest

Forearm:
Superficial
Posterior
Compartment
primarily extensors of
the wrist and fingers
Figure 10.16a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Forearm:
Deep
Posterior
Compartment
primarily extensors of
the wrist and fingers
and the supinator
Figure 10.16b
1
2
3
4
5

Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
Anterior compartment (most) muscles of the hip and thigh
flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee
 Extend the leg (anterior compartment)
Posterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh extend
the thigh and flex the leg
 Flex and extend the thigh (posterior compartment)
Medial compartment muscles all adduct the thigh
 Adduct the thigh (medial compartment)
 These three groups are enclosed by the fascia lata

Movements of the Thigh at the Hip:
Flexion and Extension
 The most important thigh flexors are the iliopsoas (prime
mover), tensor fasciae latae, and rectus femoris
 The medially located adductor muscles and sartorius
assist in flexion

Flexion and Extension
 Thigh extension is primarily effected by the hamstrings
(biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus)
 Forceful extension is aided by the gluteus maximus

Figure 10.19a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Other Movements
 Abduction and rotation are effected by the gluteus
medius and gluteus minimus, and are antagonized by the
lateral rotators
 Thigh adduction is the role of five adductor muscles
(adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor
brevis; the pectineus, and the gracilis)

Figure 10.20a
1
2
3
4
5
6
*
*

Other Movements
1
Figure 10.20b
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Movements:
Knee Joint
 sole extensor of the
knee
 quadriceps
femoris
 flex the knee, and
are antagonists to
the quadriceps
femoris
 hamstrings
Figure 10.19a

Muscles of the
Anterior Compartment
primary toe extensors and ankle
dorsiflexors
 tibialis anterior
 extensor digitorum longus
 extensor hallucis longus
 fibularis (peroneus) tertius
Figure 10.21a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Figure 10.21b-d
Muscles of the
Anterior
Compartment
ISOLATED

Muscles of the
Lateral Compartment
plantar flex and evert the foot
 fibularis longus
 fibularis brevis
Figure 10.22a
1
2
3
4
5
6
8 7
9

Muscles of the
Posterior Compartment
primarily flex the foot and the
toes
 gastrocnemius
 soleus
 tibialis posterior
 flexor digitorum longus
 flexor hallucis longus
Figure 10.23a
1
2
3
4

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEP
Figure 10.23b, c
Deep
1
2
3
4
5
6

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEPEST
Figure 10.23b, c
Deepest
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
*
*
*

Figure 10.23d-f
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - ISOLATED

Muscular System Lecture Slides

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